Agricultural biycycle sprayer engineering project.pdf

AGRICULTURAL BICYCLE SPRAYER
Government Polytechnic
Kolhapur
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“AGRICULTURAL BICYCLE SPRAYER”
SUBMITTED BY
Mr. Dange Omkar Madhukar (132022)
Mr. Gaikwad Ganesh Dipak (132028)
Mr. Gaikwad Vikram Tukaram (132030) Mr.
Gavali Rushikesh Arvind (132031)
Mr. Holey Ketan Rajendra (132036)
UNDER THE VALUABLE GUIDANCE OF:-
PROF. S.S.BIRJE
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,
Government Polytechnic Kolhapur
AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTE OF
GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, GPKP Page 1

Certificate
This is certified that the project report entitled “AGRICULTURAL BICYCLE
SPRAYER” has been submitted by:
Mr. Dange Omkar Madhukar (132022)
Mr. Gaikwad Ganesh Dipak (132028)
Mr. Gaikwad Vikram Tukaram (132030) Mr.
Gavali Rushikesh Arvind (132031)
Mr. Holey Ketan Rajendra (132036)
as partial fulfillment of Third year Diploma course in Mechanical
Engineering under the Autonomous Institute Of Government Of
Maharashtra, Kolhapur. during the academic year 2015- 16
Place: Kolhapur
Date:
Mr.S.S.Birje (HOD & Guide) Prof.P.Pattalvar(PRINCIPAL)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With deep sense of gratitude we would like to thank all the people
who have lit our path with their kind guidance. We are very grateful to
these intellectuals who did their best to help during our project work.
It is our proud privilege to Hon.P.PATTALVAR for his
comments and kind permission to complete this project. We remain
indebted to Prof. S.S.Birje, Head of Mechanical Engineering Department
for their timely suggestion and valuable guidance.
The special gratitude goes to our guide Prof. S.S.Birje, staff
members and technical staff members of Mechanical engineering
department for their excellent and precious guidance in completion of this
work.
And lastly we thank to our all friends and the people who are
directly or indirectly related to our project work.

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied
sectors like forestry and fisheries, accounted for 13.7% of GDP (Gross domestics
product) in 2013 about 50% of the total workforce. The economic contribution of
agriculture to India’s GDP is steadily declining with the country broad based
economic.
India is agriculture country. In India there are many equipments formed for
farming. In the farm there are many types of lands available and whether conditions
also different. In India there are different types of fruits, vegetables and grains
produced and that sold in market.
In India around 70% of the population earns its livelihood from
agriculture. It still provides livelihood to the people in our country. It fulfills the basic
need of human being and animals. It is an important source of raw material for many
agro based industries. India’s geographical condition is unique for agriculture because
it provides many favorable conditions. There are plain areas, fertile soil, long growing
season and wide variation in climatic condition etc.
Spraying of agrochemicals in the field is a tedious and laborious task.
The conventional knapsack sprayer available in the market requires manual labor to
operator, which is difficult to find due to movement of farm laborers towards cities.
The small formers cannot afford to buy the power operated sprayer or tractor mounted
sprayers available in the markets, as these are very costly and are of not much use to
small formers due to small land holdings.
Agriculture sprayer pesticide machine is designed to reduce human
effort. It used to agriculture field by spray pesticide in farm to get better crop.
Agriculture spray adjacent is used with pesticides order to enhance such as herbicides,
insecticide, fungicides and other agents that control for eliminate.
Spraying of agrochemicals in the field is a tedious and laborious task.
The conventional knapsack sprayers available in the market require manual labor to

operate, which is to difficult find due to movement of farm laborers toward cities. The
small formers cannot afford to by the power operated sprayer or tractor mounted
sprayer available in the market, as the market, as these are very costly and are of not
much use to small farmers due to small land holding.
Spray Agricultural sprayer pesticides machine is designed to reduce human
effort. It used to agricultural spray pesticide. Now a days farmers more used pesticide
in farm to get better crop. Agricultural spray adjacent is used with pesticides order to
enhance such as herbicides, insecticide, fungicides and other agents that control or
eliminates unwanted pests.
1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:
Hand-pulled sprayers
Hand-pulled herbicide sprayers are like a knapsack sprayer mounted on
wheels. When the wheels turn, they pump the herbicide into a boom with four or six
Spray nozzles. The height of the boom can be adjusted to deal with plants of different
heights. These sprayers are sometimes called “pedestrian-pulled” sprayers. They have
more nozzles and a larger tank than a knapsack sprayer, so can cover a lager areas
more evenly. They are Suitable for treating a whole field; they cannot be used to
spot-spray in- dividable patches of weeds. Because the spray is behind the operator
(unlike with knapsack sprayers), there is much less risk of breathing in the spray of
getting it on your skin other clothing.
Animal-pulled sprayers
Animal-powered sprayers many have up to 10 nozzles (spaced about 50cm
apart). They can be pulled by one or two animals. They have a large capacity than
hand sprayers, so are suitable for larger areas.
Tractor-powered sprayers
Tractor-powered sprayers can be very sophisticated. They are suited for large

farms. It may be possible to hire someone to spray your farm with a tractor sprayer,
rather than investing in one yourself.
Bicycle sprayer
Aware of the problem faced in the spraying of agrochemicals in the field,
decided to develop a sprayer which is efficient and affordable by the farmers. He
decided to mount the sprayer on a bicycle, which can be found in every household.
This portable spraying system consists of an adjustable boom, tank, and chain
and sprockets and cam follower mechanism for converting rotary motion to
reciprocating motion. The assembly can be mounted on any bicycle available in the
market. A cylindrical tank containing the solution is firmly attached to the frame of
the bicycle. While the bicycle is pulled forward, the cam follower provides
reciprocating motion to pump, which compresses the fluid in the tank. This comes out
through the spraying nozzle, connected to boom, as mist. This sprayer is
energy-efficient and easy to operate and maintain. As it is a flexible product with
adjustable height and width of spraying boom there is greater flexibility for using it
for various crops. Since the bicycle requires less space to move, it can be used in a
more versatile manner as compared to power sprayers that are mounted on tractors. A
labor saving device, it can be used to spray one acre of land in 45 minutes thus
covering more area compared to manual spraying. Easy to assemble and dissemble, it
server the dual use of sprayer cum bicycle.
PROBLEM DEFINATION:
Now a day’s traditional spraying pumps we observing following
problems : Costly for farmers having small farming lands, the spraying is traditional

done by labor carrying backpack type sprayer which require more human effort,
traditional spraying method having more time consuming, efficiency of traditional
spraying method is less, and in traditional spraying methods require pressure is not
produce.
As Above problems we sort out by our project. We decrease the human
effort by using cycle sprayer, the area of spraying acquire large area than traditional
sprayer. The efficiency of our sprayer is larger and continuous; it covers two rows at a
time. Cycle Sprayer sprays pesticide constantly all over spread on vegetables and
crops. This sprayer is reasonable for small area farm. Moving cycle sprayer not only
reduces human effort, but also human stress. This Bicycle sprayer faster and
reasonable cost.
OBJECTIVE:
To decrease the operational cost by using new mechanics :

In the market there are many types of sprayers are available. And costly,
there are many operation methods are used to spray the pesticide.
To work reliably under different working conditions :
We can give the reliability of the Sprayer mechanism and there are no
human interference in mechanism, so we can reduce man effort.
To decrease the cost of the machine :
Many Sprayer mechanisms available in the market there are many
costly mechanism are used and we decrease the cost and increase the
production of Vegetables, crops and fruits.
To decrease labor cost by advancing the spaying method.
Machine can operated in small farming land.
Making such a machine which can be able can be performed for spraying
easily.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

CHAPTER NO.2
DESIGN & CALCULATIONS
DESIGN OF AGRICULTRAL BICYCLE SPRAYER:
CALCULATIONS:
1) Perimeter of wheel = π × d
= π × 660

= 2072.4 mm = 2.07 m
2) Normal walking speed = 5 × 1000 = 1.39 m/s
3600
3) Time for 1 complete revolution of wheel = 2.07 = 1.48 sec.
1.39
4) Small wheel sprocket perimeter = π × d
= π × 105 = 329.87 mm
= 330mm = 0.33m
5) Big wheel sprocket perimeter = π × D
= π × 170
= 534.07 = 544mm = 0.544m
6) Stroke length 65mm
Actual volume of cylinder = π × d2
× L
4
= π/4 × 6.37 × 10 -3
× 107
= 0.535 m3
7) Volumetric efficiency = Exact volume × 100
Actual volume
= 0.3251 × 100
0.5350
= 60.77 %
DIMENSIONS
Sprocket real wheel-105mm
Sprocket real wheel teeth-34mm
Crank shaft length-190mm

Ball bearing -45mm
Bearing number-620
Disc-90mm
Connecting link – 615mm
Stroke length -65mm
Wheel length – 1312mm
Wheel diameter – 580mm
Wheel axis – 170mm
Drive sprocket – 200mm
Drive sprocket teeth– 53
Crankshaft bearing housing – 45mm
Pipe thickness – 26mm
Water storage tank height – 370mm
Water storage tank width – 325mm
Water storage thickness -130mm
Water storage tank capacity – 15 liter
Adjustment rod length – 1070mm
Adjustment rod outer diameter – 12mm
Adjustment rod inner diameter – 4mm
Nozzle rod diameter – 10mm
Spray pipe maximum length-1450mm
Spray pipe length- 1000mm
Spray rod – 1550mm

CHAPTER 3
MANUFACTURING
CAD Drawing
Fig no. 4.1 CAD Drawing
PROCESS SHEET:
Part Name: Sprayer Body Material used: Steel pipe

Pipe size: Diameter of pipe 26mm
Sr.
No.
Description Machine used Tool used Size
1. Get 26 mm dia. Of pipe
and cut the pipe
Hand cutter Cutting
blade
5.1 ft
2. Bend the pipe at 170O
Bending machine ------------ 470 mm
3. Bend pipe after 470 mm at
165O
Bending machine ------------ 600 mm
4. Bend pipe after above
section again bend by
machine at 160O
Bending machine ------------- 300 mm
5. Welding the plate of 3mm
thickness, width 30 mm
and 370 mm length
Bending machine ------------- 370 mm
6. Welding the plate width
30mm and bends at one
end 10 mm and that plate
welding on frame near the
pump area where it is
placed.
Welding by
welding machine
Welding rod 2.5 ft.
PARTS LIST:
1 Rocker bar fixer

2 Rocker
3 Air compartment
4 Seal valve
5 Seal ball
6 o-Ring
7 Vale cap
8 Split
9 20 mm cylindrical bar
10 Rocker rod
11 Pressure lid of air compartment
12 Sealing Washer
13 Air chamber
14 O-Ring
15 Medical chest
16 Rocker bar fastener
17 Split
18 Bottom screen
19 Callus bottom
20 Filter Screen
21 Sealing Washer
22 Medical chest lid
23 O-Ring
24 Nozzle

CHAPTER 4
ASSEMBLY

5.1ASSEMBLY:
1) Manufactured frame firstly assembled with bicycle wheel.
2) The wheel is adjusted with big sprocket having 53 teeth and that sprocket
welding with plate and it arranges with nut and bolt.
3) Small sprocket having 14 teeth it arranges at distance 615mm parallel with
frame below the frame and bolted with screw and nut.
4) Small sprocket assembled with the rod and the rod having two bearing seals
and at another end the stepped small wheel having diameter 15mm is attached
with the rod.
5) After that pumps piston arrangement is locked with a rod having length 2.5ft
at one end and another end fixed with lock nut at stepped wheel. On that
stepped wheel two arrangements possible at distance 50 mm and 30mm
distance from the center of stepped wheel.
6) The nozzle are arranges on 1430mm distance equally distribute the spray. And
those nozzles arrange on that pipe whenever adjustable at any distance and
normally the nozzle lock at 1.48ft distance for equally distribute the spray on
the crop.
7) Sprayer system arranged on the 1430mm of plate and that plate is adjusted on
the two hollow rods that is fixed with knob on the frame and because of they
are stable on frame.

5.2 ASSEMBLY DRAWING:

Fig . No. 1 Assembly design
5.3 PARTS DETAILS:
SPRAY SYSTEM:
The sprayer will not function properly without proper hoses and controls to
connect the tank, pump and nozzles as they are the key components of the spraying
system. Select hoses and fittings to handle the chemicals at the selected operating
pressure and quantity. Peak pressures higher than average operating pressures are
often encountered. These peak pressures usually occur as the spray boom is shut off.
Choose components on the basis of composition, construction, and size. Hose must
be flexible, durable, and resistant to sunlight, oil, chemicals, and general abuse such
as twisting and vibration. Two widely used materials that are chemically resistant are
ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and ethylene propylene dines monomer. Suction hoses
should be air-tight, non-collapsible, as short as possible, and as large as the pump
intake. A collapsed suction hose can restrict flow and “starve” a pump, causing
decreased flow and damage to the pump. It you cannot maintain sprays pressure;
check the suction line to be sure that it is not restricting flows. Other lines, especially
those between the pressure gauge and the nozzles, should be as straight as possible,
with a minimum of restrictions and fittings. The proper size of these varies with the
size and capacity of the sprayer. A high but not excessive fluid velocity should be
maintained throughout the system. Lines that are too large reduce the fluid velocity so
much that some pesticides, such as dry flowables or wet able Powders, may settle out,
clog the system, and reduce the amount of pesticide being applied. If the lines are too
small, an excessive pressure drop will occur. A flow velocity of 5 to 6 feet per second
is recommended. Suggested hose size for various pump flow rates is listed. Some
chemicals will react with plastic materials. Check sprayer and chemical
manufacturer’s literature for compatibility. Boom stability is importance in achieving
uniform spray application. The boom should be relatively rigid in all directions.
Swinging back and forth or up and down is not desirable.

SPRAYER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM:
Sprayer Distribution system is the sprayer will not function properly without
proper hoses and controls to connect the tank, pump and nozzles as they are the key
components of the spraying system. Select hoses and fitting to handle the chemicals at
the selected operating pressure and quantity. Peak pressures higher than average
operating pressures are often encountered. These peak pressures usually occur as the
spray boom is shut off. Choose components on the basis of composition, construction,
and size. Hose must be flexible, durable, and resistant to sunlight, oil chemicals, and
general abuse such as twisting and vibration. Two widely used materials that are
chemically resistant are ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and ethylene prophylene dione
monomer (EPDM). Suction hoses should be air-tight, non-collapsible, as short as
possible, and as large as the pump intake. A flow and damage to the pump. If you
cannot maintain spray pressure, check the suction line to be sure that it is not
restricting flows. Other lines, especially those between the pressure gauge and the
nozzles, should be as straight as possible, with a minimum of restrictions and fittings.
The proper size of these varies should be main-trained throughout the system. Lines
that are too large reduce the fluid velocity so much that some pesticides, such as dry
flowables or wet table powders, may settle out, clog the system, and reduce the
amount of pesticide being applied. If the lines are too small, an excessive pressure
drop will occur. A flow velocity of 5 to 6 feet per second is recommended. Some
chemicals will react with plastic materials. Check sprayer and chemical manufacturers
literature for compatibility. Boom stability is important in achieving uniform spray
application. The boom should be relatively rigid in all directions. Swinging back and
forth or4 up and down is not relatively rigid in all directions. Swinging back and forth
or up and down is not desirable. Gauge wheels mounted near the end of the boom will
maintain uniform boom heights. The boom height should be adjustable from 1 to 4
feet above the target.
SPRAY APPLICATION:

One of the more common forms of pesticide application, especially in
conventional agriculture, is the use of mechanical sprayers. Hydraulic sprayers consist
of a tank, a pump, a lance (for single nozzles) or boom, and a nozzle (or multiple
nozzles). Sprayers convert a pesticide formulation, often containing a mixture of
water (or another liquid chemical carrier, such as fertilizer) and chemical, into
droplets, which can be large rain-type drops or tiny almost-invisible particles. This
conversion is accomplished by forcing the spray mixture through a spray nozzle under
pressure. The size of droplets can be altered through the use of different nozzles
sizes, or by altering the pressure under which it is forced, or a combination of both.
Large droplets have the advantage of being less susceptible to spray drift, but require
more water per unit of land covered. Due to static electricity, small droplets are able
to maximize contact with a target organism, but very still wind conditions are
required.
Large self-propelled agricultural ‘floater’ spryer, engaged in
pre-emergent pesticide application Self-propelled row crop spryer applying pesticide
to post-emergent corn
Traditional agricultural crop pesticides can either be applied
pre-emergent or post-emergent, a term referring to the germination status of the plant.
Preemergent pesticide application, in conventional plants by removing undesirable
organisms, maximizing the amount of water, soil nutrients, and sunlight available for
the crop. An example of pre-emergent mixtures is often applied pre-emergent on
agricultural fields to remove early-germinating weeds and prepare for subsequent
crops. Pre-emergent application equipment often has large, wide tires designed to
float on soft soil, minimizing both soil compaction and damage to planted (but not yet
emerged) crops. A three-wheel application machine, such as the one pictured on the
right, is designed so that tires do not follow the same path, minimizing the creation of
ruts in the field and limiting sub-soil damage.
Post-emergent application requires the use of specific chemicals
chosen minimize harm to the desirable target organism. An example is 2, 4-
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, which will injure broadleaf weeds (dicots) but leave

behind grasses (monocots). Such a chemical has been used extensively on wheat
crops, for example. A number of companies have also created genetically modified
organisms that are resistant to various pesticides. Examples include
glyphosate-resistant soybeans and Bt maize, which change the types of formulations
involved in addressing post-emergent pesticide pressure. It is important to also note
that even given appropriate chemical choices, high ambient temperatures or other
environmental influences, can allow the non targeted desirable organism to be
damaged during application necessitates limited field contact in order to minimize
losses due to crop and soil damage. Typical industrial application equipment will
utilize very tall and narrow tires and combine this with a sprayer body which can be
raised and lowered depending on crop height. These sprayers usually carry the label
‘high-clearance’ as they can rise over growing crops, although usually not much more
than 1 or 2 meters high. In addition, these sprayers often have very wide booms in
order to minimize the number or passes required over a field, again designed to limit
crop damage and maximize efficiency In industrial agriculture, spray booms 120 feet
(40 meters) wide are not uncommon, especially in prairie agriculture with large, flat
fields. Related to this, aerial pesticide application is a method of top dressing a
pesticide to an emerged crop which eliminates physical contact with soil and crops.
Air Blast sprayers, also known as air-assisted or mist sprayers, are often used for all
crops, such as tree fruit, where boom sprayers and aerial application would be
ineffective. These types of sprayers can only be used where overspray- spray drift – is
less of a concern, either through the choice of chemical which does not have
undesirable effects on other desirable organisms, or by adequate buffer distance.
These can be used for insects, weeds, and other pests to crops, humans, and animals.
Air blast sprayers in inject liquid into a fast-moving stream of air, breaking down
large droplets into smaller particles by introducing a small amount of liquid into a
fast-moving stream of air.
NOZZLE:
Fig. No. 2 Nozzle

Nozzle is made from several types of materials. The most common are
brass, plastic, nylon, stainless steel, hardened stainless steel, and ceramic. Brass
nozzles are the least expensive but are soft and wear rapidly, Nylon nozzles resist
corrosion, but some chemicals cause thermoplastic to swell. Nozzles made from
harder metals usually cost more but will usually wear longer. Nozzles wear with use
and flow rate. It is important to check and replace worn nozzle regularly, because
worn nozzles may increase pesticide application cost and cause crop injury, illegal
rates or residue. For example, a 10 percent increase in flow rate may not be readily
notice- able; however, spraying 150 acres with a pesticide that costs $10 per acre at
the increased rate would cost an extra $1 per acre or $150 more for the field. Each
nozzle on a sprayer should apply the same amount of pesticide. If on nozzle applies
more or less than adjoining nozzles, streaking may occur. Nozzle flow rates need to
be monitored by regularly collecting the flow from each nozzle under operating
conditions and compare the output. If the discharge from a nozzle varies more than
10 PERCENT above or below the average of all the nozzles, replace it. Do not mix
nozzles of different materials, types, discharge angles, or gallon capacity on the same
sprayer. Any mixing of nozzles will produce uneven spray patterns. Care must be
used when cleaning clogged spray nozzles. The nozzle should be removed from the
nozzle body and cleaned with a soft bristled nozzle cleaning brush. Blowing the dirt
out with compressed air is also an excellent method. Do not use a small wire or
jackknife tip to clean the nozzle orifice as it is easily damaged.
Functions the nozzle is a critical part of any sprayer. Nozzles perform three
functions: 1. Regulate flow 2. Atomize the mixture into droplets 3. Disperse the spray
in a desirable for others. In general, herbicides are most effective when applied as
droplets of approximately 250 microns; fungicides are most effective at 100 to 150
microns, and insecticides at about 100 microns. The chart in table 2 compares various
nozzles, their droplet sizes and their effectiveness for broadcast spraying. Table 3
compares nozzles characteristics for banding or directed spraying. Nozzles determine
the rate of pesticide distribution at a particular pressure, forward speed, and nozzles

spacing. Drift can be minimized by selecting nozzles that produce the largest droplet
size while providing adequate coverage the intended application rate and pressure.
5.4NOZZLE SPRAY PATTERN:
1.48 ft 1.48 ft 1.48 ft
1430 mm
Fig. No. 3
Nozzle Spray Patterns Every spray pattern has two basic
characteristics: the spray angle and the shape of the pattern. Most agricultural nozzles
have an angle from 65 to 120 degrees. Narrow angles produce a more penetrating
spray; wide-angle nozzles can be mounted closer to the target, spaced farther apart on
the boom, or provide overlapping coverage. Though there are a multitude of spray
nozzles, there are only three basic spray patterns: the flat fan, the hollow cone and the
full cone. Each of these has specific characteristics and applications.

Flow Rate Nozzle flow rate is a function of the orifice size and
pressure. Manufacturers’ catalogues list nozzle flow rates at various pressures and
dies charge rates per acre at various ground speeds. In general, as pressure goes up
flow rate increases, but not in a one-to-one ratio. To double the flow rate, you must
increase the pressure four times. Many spray control systems use this principle to
control output. They increase pressure to maintain correct application rate with an
increase in speed. Use caution in speed changes as the spray system pressures may
need to operate above recommended nozzle operating ranges, producing excessive
drift able fines.
Drop size once the spray material leaves the nozzle orifice; only
droplet size, number and the velocity of drops can be measured. Droplet size is
measured in microns. A micron is one millionth of a meter, or 1 inch contains 25,400
microns. To
give this some perspective, consider that a human hair is approximately 56
microns in diameter.
Flat-Fan Spray Nozzles are widely used for broad-cast spraying of
herbicides and some insecticides. They produce a tapered-edge, flat-fan spray pattern.
Less material is applied along the edges of the spray pattern, so the patterns of
adjoining nozzles must be overlapped to give uniform coverage over the length of the
boom. For maximum uniformity, overlap should be about 30 to 50 percent of the
nozzle spacing at the target level. Normal operating pressure is variable depending on
the nozzle used. Lower pressures produce larger droplets, which reduce drift potential,
while higher pressures produce small drops for minimum plant coverage, but small
drops are more susceptible to drift. Newer extended range nozzles are available that
will operate over a range of 15 to 60 psi without causing a significant effect on the
width of the spray pattern. These nozzles produce the same flow rate and spray
pattern as a regular flat-fan nozzle at the same pressure. Lower operating pressure
produces larger droplets and reduces the drift potential while the higher pressures
produce larger droplets and reduces the drift potential while the higher pressures
produce fine drops with higher drift potential. Extended range nozzles operate over a
wider pressure range and work well automatic spray controls. Flat-fan nozzles are

available in several spray discharge. Proper spray boom height depends on nozzle
discharge angle and is measured from the target to the nozzle.
Band and Directed Spraying Band application is applying a chemical
in parallel bands, leaving the area between bands free of chemical. Directed spraying
is application of a chemical to a specific area such as a plant canopy, a row or at the
base of the plants. Several nozzle configurations are often used when foliage
penetration or row crop height present a problem. Several commonly used nozzle
configuration. The two-and three-nozzle configurations give better bottom leaf
coverage than a single nozzle. This can be important with many pesticides. Drop
nozzles are useful for herbicide application in taller row crops to reduce the risk or
crop injury. In smaller row crops a single nozzle “band” configuration using a nozzle
with a uniform pattern, such an even flow flat-fan, should be adequate.
Hand spryer Calibration Hand sprayers are usually used for applying
chemicals to small area. Hand sprayers may be calibrated as follows: determine the
square feet in a area, measure the output of the hand gun for one minute, and calculate
how fast the measured area should be covered. Then mix enough chemical to cover
the area and apply the entire chemical to the area as evenly as possible.

SPROCKETS:
Fig. No. 4 Sprocket
Number of teeth sprocket preferably should have no less than 12 teeth,
particularly if speeds are high and the chain loads great. Sprockets having less than 12
teeth should be adopted only to slow and medium speeds. The number of teeth and
sprocket speed (revolution per minute) control the amount of impact of the chain

seating on the sprocket. Impact is reduced as the number of teeth is increased or as
speed is decreased. Likewise the chain pull is reduced as the sprocket size is increased
for any one power drive. Consequently, a lighter chain angular motion or friction in
the chain joints is reduced. Height of teeth of standard sprockets is generally based on
providing a working face what will accept the maximum possible amount of wear
elongation combined with a smooth topping curve. A further limitation that takes
precedence over the above is that when a sprocket series is capable of being used with
chains designed for conveyor elevator service, the top of the tooth of all standard
sprockets having ten or more teeth is designed to be low enough to clear a slat or
carrier mounted on the lowest possible “K” attachment of any chain using sprocket of
that series. As a precaution, it is recommended that order for sprockets specify
whether it is necessary for the top of the tooth to clear any slat, bucket or carrier
mounted to a chain attachment, or welded to the chain. Bore and hub sizes are
determined by the torque to be transmitted. The hub specification charts included in
this catalog provide selections based on a design shear stress of 6000 psi, maximum.
Gapped sprocket some attachments require gapped sprockets to avoid interference
between the sprockets and chain or assembled fittings. Such attachments usually are
those wherein the space between side bars is utilized by the attachment or its fitting.
The gap spacing must be a multiple of the particular attachments spacing in the chain,
also of the number of teeth of the sprocket.
Such a limited window of opportunity that you can’t afford to lose
extra days getting your spray equipment into shape. Proper maintenance and storage
techniques not only streamline next year’s preseason preparations, but also enhance
sprayer performance while adding years to its productive life. Long term exposure to
many pesticides that pass through a sprayer can corroded and deteriorate sprayer
parts, paints and electrical connections. The residue from these products may be
harmful to anyone working on or around the machine. Also, trace amounts of
pesticide lodged in sprayer parts may damage crops if carried over to the next
spraying season. Your personal safety and that of your family, employees and your
crops make it important that you thoroughly clean and decontaminate your crops
make it important that you thoroughly clean and decontaminate your sprayer during

the season, between crops and before you store it for the winter. A complete
maintenance and storage process consist of six steps: 1. Read, 2. Rinse, 3. Clean, 4.
Drain, 5. Inspect, 6. Store.
Read: Before you begin cleaning your sprayer, be sure to review the label of the
pesticides you have application.
● Tell you how to properly dispose of residue product.
● Provide any special cleaning instructions that might be necessary.
● Recommended decontaminating products.
● Outline the personal Protective Equipment (PPE) you need to safely clean
your sprayer.
Rinse the goal of rinsing is to remove any concentrated or large areas of the
product that might still be in or on the sprayer. Cleaning spray equipment involves
circulating water through the whole system and then applying it to a site that is
listed o n the label of the pesticides you have used. Several rinses sing a small
volume (up to 10 percent of the spray tank capacity) is better than merely filling
the spray tank once with clean water. Select a location where the rinse will not
contaminated water supplies, streams, crops or other plants and where large
puddles won’t accumulated, creating a hazards to humans, animals and the
environment. Preferably, the area should be impervious to water and have a wash
rack or cement apron with a sump to catch contaminated wash water and
pesticides. Make sure that you drain the spray tank in a manner consistent with the
pesticide label. Don’t just open the valves and let it pour on the ground. Add
larger volume nozzle tips for a faster and legal method to dispose of sprayer
reinstate. The outside of the sprayer should also be washed. For this purpose,
applicators are encouraged to have a source of water on the sprayer in order to
rinse down the sprayer in the field on the regular basis. Again, when rinsing the
sprayer, do not create standing puddles that might be accessible to children, pets,
livestock or wildlife.
Drain to dispose of pesticide rinsate in accordance with label directions, apply the
rinsate to a site where the products are to be used originally. In other words, the
site must be listed on the label. Repeat the draining process after decontaminating

and re rinsing the sprayer. Make sure that you also drain any clean water rinse
tanks prior to storage to avoid damage caused by water freezing inside.
Clean after your sprayer has been rinsed and drained, it’s time to clean or
decontaminate it. Be sure to decontaminate both the interior and exterior of the
machine, running liquid through the boom structure and out the nozzles. You
don’t need to fill the sprayer. Use only enough cleaning solution to completely fill
the lines and provides enough agitation. You may need to scrub or power washes
the inside of the tank. Water your personal protective equipment. Cleaning agents
should penetrate and dissolve pesticide residues and allow them to be removed
when the rinsate is removed from the sprayer. Commercial tank cleaning agents
and detergents help remove both water and oil soluble herbicides and are
recommended on many pesticide labels. Some tank cleaning agents and ammonia
solutions raise the pH of the rinsate solution, making some products such as
sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides more water soluble and thus easier to remove from
internal sprayer parts. Chlorine bleach solutions hasten the breakdown of SU’s
and some other herbicides into inactive compounds. However, chlorine is less
effective at dissolving and removing SU herbicides residues from spray tanks than
ammonia solution. Never add chlorine bleach to ammonia or liquid fertilizers
containing ammonia, because the two materials react to form toxic chlorine gas.
Fuel oil or kerosene is effective for removing oil-soluble herbicides such as esters
and emulsifiable concentrates. The fuel oil or kerosene should be followed by a
detergent rinse to remove the oily residue. Also run cleaning solution throughout
the sprayer, including the agitation system and the return lines. Then rinse the
system with clean water. Open all nozzles until they are spraying pure water.
Inspect after the final rinse you can inspect your sprayer and make the necessary
repairs and modifications. Even though the sprayer has been “cleaned”, always
wear personal protective equipment. Some residue may remain on and in the
sprayer. Here is a checklist of what to look for both during and after cleaning:
● Mismatched and worn nozzles
● Damaged nozzle screens
● Damaged strainer screens

● Cracks, leaks and overall performance in the pump.
● Hose condition, especially brittleness or cracks.
● Valve condition, identifying any possible leaks or areas where seals may have
loosened.
● Boom structure identifying any cracks that must be fixed Modification some
handy modifications might be.
● Shut- off valves on either side of the pump to facilitate pump removal and
repair.
● Shut –off valves at the boom
● Shut-off valves at the tank
● Additional pressures gauges
● Installing tank level indicators
● By pass and agitators lines
● Engine kill switches.
● Additional lines to aid in cleaning i.e. broad jets for spraying out rinsate as
opposed to using boom
Store now that the sprayer has been thoroughly cleaned, you many want to remove
parts of it that may be damaged during storage.
● Remove strainers (filters) and wash them by hand with soapy water
(remember to wear chemical resistant gloves), rinse them and either store them
or place them back in the sprayer.
● Pay special attention to nozzles, nozzle bodies and check valve. Chemical
residue can build up in these areas and harden over winter, dramatically
reducing the sprayer’s performance next season.
● Remove nozzle tips, screen, check valves, caps and nozzle bodies from the
nozzle body assemblies. Correctly plug the assemblies.
● Clean and rinse out the nozzle tips, nozzle bodies and check valves. Store in a
marked container. Store check valves at room temperature over the winter to
avoid damage that can be caused by freezing temperatures.
● Remove all pressure gauges and cap the opening on the sprayer. Store the
gauges where they are not subjected to freezing or damage.

BEARING:
Fig. No. 5 Bearing
A permanent increase in demands concerning quality bearing system leads to
new developments of various technologies and new materials in order to meet high
and very specific technical and economical applications. IBC Walzlager GmbH,
Industrial Bearing and components, meet this fact by continuously increasing the
performance of our products and technical processes, as well as ex pending our
product range.
The new EXAD cylindrical roller bearing series stands out with
extended capacity and advanced application characteristics features. Due to its
optimization in design, material and production sequences it unites clear improvement
concerning fatigue life, Functional safety, higher load capacity and quieter running
properties with reduced friction and therefore lower heat buildup.
Closer customer contact due to fair customer relationship serves the shared
goal definition and consistent pursuit of these goals, so that even special customer
requests are realized fast and specifically in economic solution.
The intensive co-operation with universities and technical colleges is a

traditional constitutes part of our scientific work, not only on the sector of research
and development but also as an interface for education and training.
The main dimensions of single row full complements IBC cylinder roller
bearings are correspondent with the specification in DIN 616:2000 or ISO 15:1998.
Series Single row full complement cylindrical roller bearings are not only
available as a slim series 29 but also in broader versions in the designs 30, 22 and 23.
Other variations are available on request. Designs Single row full complement
cylindrical roller bearings are manufacturing in the designs NCF and NJG. The full
complement cylindrical roller bearings are neither sealed nor greased. They can be oil
lubricated or greased lubricated at the front.
Bearings of the series NCF have an inner ring with two solid ribs and an outer
ring with one solid rib that is able to guide the shaft axially in one direction. Besides,
a snap ring on the side of the outer ring without rib holds the bear in together. They
are able to take on the axial loads in one direction and are manufactured in the series
29, 30 and 22.
Single row full complement cylindrical roller bearings of the design NJC have
a self- retaining roller set. Thus the outer ring with two solid ribs and the roller
assembly can be dismantled from the inner ring with a solid rib. No special safety
device is necessary for preventing the rollers against falling out which makes the
installation and removal substantially easier. They are also able to take on axial loads
in one direction. Bearing of the design NJG are designed for slowly turning
applications with especially highly loads and are manufactured in the heavy series 23.
With bearing series NCT as well as with NJG the inner ring can be displaced
in one direction axially by the distances. The maximum axial movement from the
central position is designed in such a manner that low axial displacements can be
compensated, e.g. as a result of thermal expansion of the shaft compared with the
hosing. Bearing materials, Bearing rings and rolling elements are manufactured from
bearing steel 100Cr6 (1.3505) according to SAE52100 and SUJ2.
Heat treatment single row full complement IBC cylindrical roller bearings are
usually dimension stable up to an operating temperature of 120 O
C. In addition and on
request, higher valued heat treatment is available for higher temperatures. The

bearings for high temperatures are marked with the additional figures. Please note that
the load carrying capacities of the bearings that are constantly exposed to higher
operating temperatures are reduced. Radial internal clearance IBC manufactures
single row full complement cylindrical roller bearing as a standard with radial internal
clearance normal or C3. Some cylindrical roller bearings are available with smaller
clearance C2 or with the larger clearance C4. Bearings with clearance C% are
available on request. The values of the radial internal clearance of single row full
complement cylindrical roller bearings comply to DIN 620-4:1987 or ISO 5753:1991.
They are valid for not built in bearings with measuring load zero. In addition, these
bearings are also available with internal radial pre load as a special design.

CHAIN SELECTION:
Chain failures caused by poor selection
● Overload
● Failure of side plates due to cyclic load fatigue
● Failure of bush or roller due to impact fatigue above failures can still occur
due to poor installation or maintenance
● Misalignment
● Incorrect of failed lubrication system
If correct chain is selected, installed and maintained the overall life is determined by
wear
Chain failures causes and effects of chain wear
● Caused by material removal as chain components slide relative to each other
● Effect of wear is to cause chain to gradually elongate

The correct chain selection
Selecting the appropriate chain pitch Revolution ranges each chain pitch has
a) A normal revolution range;
b) A selling revolution range;
c) A maximum power transmission range. With increasing revolution and a
bigger chain pitch, the centrifugal forces generated while the chain is running on the
sprocket will also increase. The increase of these forces of gravity in the range above
maximum output is of a magnitude that will reduce the chain capacity.
Normal revolution range. It is recommended for technical and economical
reasons to choose the chain pitch such that it will remain within the normal revolution
range.
Ceiling revolution range. We recommend contacting us, if it should prove
necessary to choose a chain pitch in the ceiling revolution range for reasons of the
available space. This will allow us to contribute our Rexford experience towards
achieving an optimal solution of the drive problems. In this revolution range, the
following factors should be afforded particular attention:
a) Attenuation of oscillations and vibrations;
b) Noise abatement;
c) Chain roller fatigue strength;
d) Lubrication.
General rules for choosing the chain pitch

1. With medium tractive forces and a low chin speed, a single chain of a bigger
pitch should be chosen.
2. With a high tractive force and low chain speed, a multiple chain of a bigger
pitch, or even better, the relevant number of single chains adjusted in a pair
and/or a group should be chosen. Fatigue strength and accordingly, operational
safety, is so optimized.
3. In the existence of medium tractive forces and high chain speed, a single chain
of small chain pitch would be recommended.
4. If a high tractive force at low speed is to be transmitted, them it will prove
necessary to resort to a multiple chains of a small chain pitch, as is the rule
with chain drives applied in oil fields.
5.5 COST ESTIMATION:
Sr. No. Materials Cost (Rs.)
1. Pipe (27 Classic) 450/-
2. Pipe Bending 150/-
3. Chain 800/-

4. Sprocket 600/-
5. Small Sprocket 250/-
6. Rim 500/-
7. Threading Sprocket 360/-
8. Tank 1700/-
9. Pipe 170/-
10. Bearing 120/-
11. Nozzles 120/-
12 Cap Storage tank 140/-
13. Tee 200/-
14. Steel pipe 60/-
15. Turning shaft 490/-
16. Shaft 600/-
17. Scrap hardware 600/-
18. Welding 700/-
Total 8010/-

CHAPTER 6
TESTING & PERFORMANCE
6.1 TESTINGS:
Testing on crop like Brinjal, Fenugreek and Tobacco, which crop having their

height, should be minimum 4ft. Firstly we get 6000 sq. ft farm land and selecting the
crop. We use our project for spraying the pesticide. At a time we select both sprayer
mechanism hand pump and bicycle sprayer. Then sprays the pesticide by hand
operated pump on Bringle farm, time spend for that 1 hour for complete 6000 sq. ft.
After that Bicycle sprayer is used for that 6000 sq. ft. of Brinjal land and start the
pesticide spraying it get 25 min for spraying that land area. Hand pump when
operating there is cranking comes in hand and because of that there is no continuous
flow produce and it is not possible to handle that weight of that tank continuously on
the back and because of back ache pain start.
Bicycle sprayer is used for spraying, it is easy to handle and it having stand to
hold at a 1.5 ft and when starting spraying that time easy to hold the mechanism. At a
time 3 rows covers the spray for spraying system. Both directions in V shape spray
pesticide on crop. Pump creates same pressure in both mechanism but in Bicycle
sprayer this pressure equally distribute in 4 nozzles. And comparatively 2.5 times
efficiency is greater than hand pump operated pump. Here continuous flow is possible
because a person who walks at 6 km/hr speed and easy to walks in the farm row. And
revolution of the wheel completes in 1.48 sec and piston movement 3 times in one
revolution of wheel. A person is hold bicycle sprayer in back side and walk forward
side.
In the performance of both equipments are used for pesticide spraying in
the same farm land and same area. When both mechanism test getting, Bicycle
sprayer works easy than Hand pump spraying mechanism and it works
efficiently 2.5 times of Hand pump mechanism. Hand Pump takes 1 hour time
for spray pesticide in the 6000sq. ft. and Bicycle sprayer mechanism takes
same area and spends 25 min. It reduce the time comparatively Hand operated
pump.
When Hand operated pump takes on the back of the body its weight is
high and continuously hand pumping is not possible. Transportation of full tank
of pesticide with water is produces the pain in body or hand. At a time sprayer

sprayed one side of the crop and it gets lengthy process.
Bicycle mechanism is takes low load, because load of the tank distribute
on the all frame in equally. When sprays the pesticide on the crop at different
height is possible and at a time it takes 3 row and crop five sides covers and
takes less time it get result. Pesticides equally distributed by the nozzle and
continue flow is possible.
6.2OBSERVATIONS:
1) Hand operated pump mechanism:
Sr. No. Types of crops Area Time
1. l q. ft n
2. co q. ft n
3. reek(Methi) q. ft n
4. o q. ft n
5. q. ft n
6. cane sq. ft in
2) Bicycle Sprayer mechanism:
Sr. No. Types of crops Area Time
1. l q. ft n
2. co q. ft n
3. reek(Methi) q. ft n
4. o q. ft n
5. q. ft n
6. cane sq. ft n
6.4 ADVANTAGES:
1. Agricultural sprayers are commonly used to apply liquid fertilized, pesticides or other
liquids to crops during their growth cycle.

2. It is Simple in construction.
3. Comparatively hand operated sprayer, easy to handle without any pain.
4. Unskilled operator should very easily handle and operate.
5. It Comparatively less cost in construction in design.
6. Compared to electric and hand pump uniform and desired flow pressure through the
nozzle.
7. Height of the nozzle system should be adjustable in sprayer system.
8. Weight of the system should be less as comparative others.
9. This Sprayer system should be easy to connect with bike as well as tractors.
6.5 RESULTS:
We get result from the above observation, firstly select the Brinjal crop and
spraying by both methods and we find the result from observation is Hand pump gets
spraying pesticide 1 hour takes time for 6000 sq. ft. farm land and it’s more consume
time and not continuously pressure creates. It is not continuously hanging on back
side. When we use Hand pump it spread the pesticide on the one side of crop.
And when we used our Bicycle sprayer mechanism, it is comfortably handled
by farmer. It takes less time and covers large area of crop. It covers the 3 rows of farm
land. And when use our mechanism in the same Brinjal farm then it covers in 25 min.
It covers 2.5 times of hand pump spraying in time.

CHAPTER 7
SAFETY

SAFETY:
Before Operating Sprayer :
1. Before attempting to use your sprayer, make sure you read the Operator’s
Manual and properly understand:
● All Safety Issues.
● Assembly & Installation instructions.
● Calibration of the sprayer.
● Sprayer Operation.
● Sprayer Maintenance.
1. Read and follow instructions on chemical manufacturer’s labels.
2. Always wear applicable protective clothing.
Safety is the Operator’s Responsibility:
Your croplands spryer is designed to meet the most demanding farming
conditions, where large areas. Uneven terrain and weather controlled deadlines set the
toughest challenges. This machine is capable of spraying a wide range of pesticides
and fungicides and the operator must be aware of the hazards associated with sprayer
operation. The dealer explains the capabilities, application and restrictions of your
sprayer. The dealer demonstrates the safe operation of the machine according to
croplands instruction material, which is also available to operator. The dealer can also
identify unsafe modifications or use of unapproved attachments.
The following publications provide information on the safe use and
maintenance of the sprayer and attachments:
Operator’s Manual delivered with sprayer gives operating information, as well
as routine maintenance and service procedures.

❖ SAFE OPERATION NEEDS A QUALIFIED OPERATOR, A
QUALIFIED OPERATOR MUST DO THE FOLLOWING:
Rules for Safe Use of Chemicals
● Always read the label before using chemicals. Fallow instructions from
chemical manufacturer on how to select, use and handle each chemical. Note
protection information each time before opening the container.
● Always observe all warning on chemical products. Failure to do so could
result in operator others being exposed to toxic chemicals which could result
in serious illness. Remember chemical manufactures go to much research and
expense to develop labels for your protection.
● Be sure you recognize the categories of toxicity and their key worlds.
● Verbal warnings must be given if written warnings cannot be understood by
workers.
● If symptoms of illness occur during or shortly after spraying, call a physician
or go to a hospital immediately.
● Fallow label directions and advice to keep residues on edible portion of plants
within the limits permitted by law.
● Keep bystanders away from spray drift.
● Always store chemicals in original containers and keep them tightly closed.
Never keep them in anything but the original containers. Read labels for
hazards about chemical reaction with certain types of metals.
● Do not still chemicals on skin or clothing. If chemicals are spilled, remove
contaminated clothing immediately and wash skin (and clothing) thoroughly
with soap and water. Wash hands and face with soap and water and change
clothing after spraying. Wash clothing each day before reuse.
● The spray tank and system should be emptied of chemical mixture and flushed
with clean water before servicing the spray system or spraying components.
Clean the sprayer of all chemical residue before serving.
● Avoid inhaling chemicals. When directed on the label, wear protective
clothing, face shield or goggles.

● Never smoke while spraying or handling chemicals.
● Cover food and water containers when spraying around live stock or pet areas.
Filter Maintenance Clean filters ensure that no solids enter the spraying system to
block or damage pump or nozzles. All filters should be cleaned regularly or
after each spraying period.

CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION

Conclusion
While conclusion this report, we feel quite contended in having completed the
project assignment well on time we had enormous practical experience on fulfill of
the manufacturing schedule of the working project model. We are therefore happy to
state the calculations of mechanical aptitude proved to be very useful purpose.
Undoubted the joint venture has had all the merits interest and zeal shown by
all us. The credit goes to healthy coordination our batch colleagues in bringing out a
resource fulfillment of our assignment prescribed by the university.
Agriculture sprayer pesticide machine is designed to reduce human effort. It
used to agriculture fields by spray pesticide. Now day’s farmer more used pesticide
in farm to get better crop. Agriculture spray adjuvant is used with pesticides order to
enhance such as herbicides, insecticide, fungicides and other agents that control or
eliminate unwanted pests. Now in markets there is two types of sprayer mechanism
is available and we produce comparatively that two sprayer get new idea’s and
finally we produce comparatively less weighted sprayer mechanism. This mechanism
having less maintenance and reduce human effort and reduce pain of that handling.
We interact with farmers and collect the data about sprayer and after that our
concept perform there and giving question’s and after that collect their valuable
things of our projects, our spraying mechanism fulfills there requirement efficiently.

CHAPTER 9
FUTURESCOPE
FUTURE SCOPE:
Developed agricultural need to find new ways to improve efficiency.
One approach is to utilize available information technology in the form of more
intelligent machines to reduce and target energy inputs in more effective ways than in
the past. Precision farming has shown benefits of this approach but we can now move
towards a new generation of equipments. The advent of autonomous system
architectures gives s the generation of equipments based on small smart machines that
can do the right thing in the right place and in right time.
Within too close to crop area, great care must be taken not to damage
the crop disturbs the soil. One method of killing weeds close to the weed leaf,
Machine vision can be used to identify the position of an individual weed plant and a
set of nozzles mounted close together can squirt a herbicide on the weed.

Traditional or macro spraying can be very efficient, especially when
they cover large areas. Most equipment manufacture are developing larger machines
with 42 meter booms currently under development. When mounting booms this big,
they have inherent stability problems as the tractor has a relatively small wheelbase
and they tend to oscillate. One method to improve stability would be to mount a spray
boom between two unmanned robots that travelled in adjacent tramlines. This robotics
gantry could apply both liquid spray and fertilizer and be able to regulate itself
according to current weather conditions.
A robotics irrigator in the farm of a mechatronic sprinkler was
developed to apply variable rates of water and chemigation to predefined areas. The
trajectory and sector angles of the jet were controlled by stepper motors and could be
adjusted according the current weather and the desired pattern by a small computer.
Agricultural bicycle sprayer mechanism is used for various height of
crop, trees etc. and this system is connected to motor cycle and create more and
continuous pressure. And nozzle assembly for spraying large quantity and area
acquire by the sprayer.

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