This document provides a summary of data on depression in Utah from 2005-2007. Some key points:
- Approximately 4.1% of Utah adults, or around 75,100 individuals, had major depression based on a survey. Rates varied geographically within the state.
- Major depression was more common among women, those with chronic health conditions like heart disease or diabetes, and those engaging in unhealthy behaviors like smoking.
- Utah's rate of major depression was similar to national rates and other states that conducted similar surveys. However, targeted screening and treatment may help those with high-risk chronic conditions or behaviors.
Back To Sleep An Educational Intervention With Women, Infants, And Children P...Biblioteca Virtual
This document describes a study that tested an educational intervention with black parents to promote safe infant sleep practices and reduce the risk of SIDS. The intervention involved 15-minute educational sessions for groups of 3 to 10 parents at a WIC clinic. Surveys before and after the sessions found that the intervention increased the likelihood parents would place infants on their back rather than prone, decreased bedsharing and citing infant comfort as reasons for position. At 6-month follow-up, parents who received the intervention were more knowledgeable about safe sleep recommendations compared to a control group. The intervention was effective in informing parents and changing behaviors to reduce SIDS risk.
Latinos in the U.S. and Northeast Florida: A Health Overview
Feb. 25, 2005
This is part 1 of an 8 part series of seminars on Hispanic Health Issues brought to you by the University of North Florida’s Dept. of Public Health, College of Health, a grant from AETNA, and the cooperation of Duval County Health Department.
Dr. Elliott Main: "Reducing Maternal Mortality: Building on the California Ex...reportingonhealth
This document discusses efforts in California to reduce maternal mortality rates through quality improvement initiatives. It notes that California saw a rise in maternal mortality that led to the creation of the California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative (CMQCC) in 2006. The CMQCC works with various partners to implement toolkits and collaboratives focused on the most common causes of mortality and severe morbidity - obstetric hemorrhage and preeclampsia. Through these statewide initiatives, California saw a reduction in its maternal mortality rate compared to the national rate. The document advocates expanding this approach nationally through the Alliance for Innovation on Maternal Health (AIM) partnership.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document discusses infant and child mortality rates in Paraguay using data from various sources. It reports that the infant mortality rate in Paraguay is estimated to be 33.8 per 1000 live births but that reported data diverges significantly from estimates. The main causes of neonatal death are identified as birth injuries and preterm birth. The health sector response is described as fragmented and lacking coordination. Strategies to reduce infant mortality discussed include improving prenatal care, professional care during childbirth, and expanding access to healthcare.
Maternal mortality remains a significant issue worldwide, with over 500,000 deaths annually. Through initiatives like the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths system, Malaysia has significantly reduced its maternal mortality rate from 540/100,000 live births in 1950 to 28.1/100,000 in 2000. Postpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in Malaysia, while medical conditions, sepsis, and hypertensive disorders also contribute substantially. Recommendations focus on increasing access to emergency care and transportation, improving provider training, and expanding family planning programs.
This document summarizes an honors thesis evaluating the effectiveness of the Moms2B program in curbing infant mortality rates in the Near East Side of Columbus, Ohio. The thesis reviews the literature on causes of infant mortality, finding the top three causes to be preterm birth, low birth weight, and sudden infant death syndrome. It also examines racial disparities in infant mortality and finds that socioeconomic factors, rather than genetics, best explain higher rates among black Americans. The thesis then analyzes data from Moms2B and Columbus Public Health to determine if Moms2B participants had lower preterm birth and infant mortality rates than the Near East Side overall.
This document discusses the public health consequences of abortion in Myanmar. It notes that abortion is illegal except to save a woman's life, and many women resort to unsafe methods performed by traditional birth attendants. This can result in incomplete abortions, bleeding, infections and even death. While some emergency treatment services exist in hospitals, they are difficult to access. Introducing misoprostol or manual vacuum aspiration at primary health centers could help manage abortion complications since these methods are effective, easy to use, and don't require physicians. Overall, reducing unwanted pregnancies through family planning and counseling, as well as expanding post-abortion care, could help address the health impacts of unsafe abortion in Myanmar.
Back To Sleep An Educational Intervention With Women, Infants, And Children P...Biblioteca Virtual
This document describes a study that tested an educational intervention with black parents to promote safe infant sleep practices and reduce the risk of SIDS. The intervention involved 15-minute educational sessions for groups of 3 to 10 parents at a WIC clinic. Surveys before and after the sessions found that the intervention increased the likelihood parents would place infants on their back rather than prone, decreased bedsharing and citing infant comfort as reasons for position. At 6-month follow-up, parents who received the intervention were more knowledgeable about safe sleep recommendations compared to a control group. The intervention was effective in informing parents and changing behaviors to reduce SIDS risk.
Latinos in the U.S. and Northeast Florida: A Health Overview
Feb. 25, 2005
This is part 1 of an 8 part series of seminars on Hispanic Health Issues brought to you by the University of North Florida’s Dept. of Public Health, College of Health, a grant from AETNA, and the cooperation of Duval County Health Department.
Dr. Elliott Main: "Reducing Maternal Mortality: Building on the California Ex...reportingonhealth
This document discusses efforts in California to reduce maternal mortality rates through quality improvement initiatives. It notes that California saw a rise in maternal mortality that led to the creation of the California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative (CMQCC) in 2006. The CMQCC works with various partners to implement toolkits and collaboratives focused on the most common causes of mortality and severe morbidity - obstetric hemorrhage and preeclampsia. Through these statewide initiatives, California saw a reduction in its maternal mortality rate compared to the national rate. The document advocates expanding this approach nationally through the Alliance for Innovation on Maternal Health (AIM) partnership.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document discusses infant and child mortality rates in Paraguay using data from various sources. It reports that the infant mortality rate in Paraguay is estimated to be 33.8 per 1000 live births but that reported data diverges significantly from estimates. The main causes of neonatal death are identified as birth injuries and preterm birth. The health sector response is described as fragmented and lacking coordination. Strategies to reduce infant mortality discussed include improving prenatal care, professional care during childbirth, and expanding access to healthcare.
Maternal mortality remains a significant issue worldwide, with over 500,000 deaths annually. Through initiatives like the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths system, Malaysia has significantly reduced its maternal mortality rate from 540/100,000 live births in 1950 to 28.1/100,000 in 2000. Postpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in Malaysia, while medical conditions, sepsis, and hypertensive disorders also contribute substantially. Recommendations focus on increasing access to emergency care and transportation, improving provider training, and expanding family planning programs.
This document summarizes an honors thesis evaluating the effectiveness of the Moms2B program in curbing infant mortality rates in the Near East Side of Columbus, Ohio. The thesis reviews the literature on causes of infant mortality, finding the top three causes to be preterm birth, low birth weight, and sudden infant death syndrome. It also examines racial disparities in infant mortality and finds that socioeconomic factors, rather than genetics, best explain higher rates among black Americans. The thesis then analyzes data from Moms2B and Columbus Public Health to determine if Moms2B participants had lower preterm birth and infant mortality rates than the Near East Side overall.
This document discusses the public health consequences of abortion in Myanmar. It notes that abortion is illegal except to save a woman's life, and many women resort to unsafe methods performed by traditional birth attendants. This can result in incomplete abortions, bleeding, infections and even death. While some emergency treatment services exist in hospitals, they are difficult to access. Introducing misoprostol or manual vacuum aspiration at primary health centers could help manage abortion complications since these methods are effective, easy to use, and don't require physicians. Overall, reducing unwanted pregnancies through family planning and counseling, as well as expanding post-abortion care, could help address the health impacts of unsafe abortion in Myanmar.
This document summarizes research on the relationship between food insecurity and health outcomes. Some key findings include:
- Food insecurity is associated with poorer self-rated health, mental health, increased stress, mood/anxiety disorders, migraines, and chronic conditions like diabetes and heart disease.
- Rates of food insecurity in Canada have increased in recent years due to economic factors. Food insecurity disproportionately impacts people's health beyond just nutrition.
- Studies show experiences with childhood hunger are associated with increased risk of poor health, chronic illnesses, and asthma in both childhood and young adulthood.
Unsafe Sleep Practices And An Analysis Of Bedsharing Among Infants Dying Sudd...Biblioteca Virtual
This study analyzed 119 cases of sudden unexpected infant death in the St. Louis area between 1994-1997. The study found that:
1) 61.1% of infants were found prone, 29.4% had their head or face covered by bedding, and 47.1% were sleeping on an adult bed or other non-approved surface.
2) Only 8.4% of infants were found non-prone, with their head and face uncovered.
3) Similar unsafe sleeping practices were seen in cases diagnosed as SIDS, accidental suffocation, and undetermined cause of death, suggesting these diagnoses may overlap.
4) The findings support public health recommendations encouraging supine sleep on firm
This presentation includes causes of maternal mortality; impact of maternal mortality; maternal health issues in northern nigeria; opportunities and strategies.
This document is a thesis that explores the relationship between participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and obesity rates among Latino citizens in the United States. The thesis reviews several theories for why Latinos have higher obesity rates than white Americans, including the effects of acculturation stress, cultural differences, food and physical environments. It also reviews theories on the role that SNAP participation plays in obesity. The author hypothesizes that SNAP increases obesity in environments without healthy food access, but decreases obesity where healthy foods are available. The thesis will test this hypothesis through a comparative case study of two California counties.
WHY ARE THERE INCREASED RATES OF HIV/AIDS IN AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN WHO USE B...rnice725
This document analyzes how historical medical conspiracies and abuse have led to increased HIV/AIDS rates in African American women using birth control. It discusses how medical experiments without consent on slaves and efforts to curb the black population through birth control promoted distrust in healthcare. Certain birth controls can increase HIV risk through side effects like bleeding and immune suppression. Lack of education on risks and follow-up care when side effects occur further endangers women. Addressing medical racism and improving access to community-based care and education are needed.
This document discusses the high rates of low birth weight (LBW) babies in South Asia and its link to increased risk of developing cardio-metabolic disorders later in life. It notes that over 30% of births in India are LBW, and cohort studies from hospitals in India have found that these LBW babies often develop elevated blood pressure, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases as adults. The document advocates for early prevention strategies before conception to address this issue and its contribution to the "fetal origin of adult disease" hypothesis whereby adverse fetal environments can program future disease risk.
This document summarizes findings from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth regarding adoption trends and behaviors in the United States. Key findings include:
- The percentage of ever-married women ages 18-44 who had ever adopted declined from 2.1% in 1973 to 1.3% in 1995.
- Older women, nulliparous (childless) women, women with fertility issues, and those using infertility services were more likely to have considered, taken steps toward, or completed an adoption.
- In 1995, 16% of the 9.9 million women who had ever considered adoption had taken steps toward it, and 31% of those women had adopted. Preferences for age, sex,
The infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of infant deaths per 1000 live births. IMR is an important indicator of a country's development level and standard of living. Globally, IMR has significantly declined since 1960 due to improved healthcare, though it remains much higher in less developed countries. Common causes of infant mortality include low birth weight, respiratory issues, SIDS, and lack of essentials like food, shelter and water. Reducing behaviors like smoking during pregnancy and improving literacy, prenatal care, and access to health services can help lower IMR.
Endometriosis & Dioxins Body Burden - Information for Physicians, Nurses, & O...v2zq
This document discusses the relationship between dioxins, PCBs, and endometriosis. It notes that incidence of endometriosis has been rising dramatically in recent decades and that dioxin exposure has been shown to increase incidence and severity of endometriosis in animal studies. Dioxins and PCBs are environmental contaminants that bioaccumulate in the food chain and disrupt hormone function and immune systems, which may contribute to the development and progression of endometriosis. The document examines various ways that dioxin and PCB exposure can influence endometrial tissue and hormone regulation in a manner that promotes endometriosis.
This document discusses neonatal mortality measurement and summarizes recent developments. It covers:
1) Neonatal mortality rates can now be estimated annually through improved surveys, though data reliability remains a concern. Pregnancy history modules may better capture neonatal deaths.
2) Estimates of neonatal causes of death have been improved through increased country data, especially for large countries like India and China. Rates of infections and tetanus appear to be declining in some areas.
3) Surveys can be improved by modifying questions to better capture neonatal mortality and stillbirths, and through follow up verbal autopsies to obtain cause of death data for over 75% of neonatal deaths dependent on surveys.
Low birth beight and associated maternal factors in ghanaAlexander Decker
This study examined the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) in Ghana and its association with maternal factors using data from the 2011 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. The estimated LBW prevalence was 9.2%, higher than other parts of the world. Factors found to be highly significantly associated with LBW included antenatal care, mother's educational level, location, and economic status. Maternal age under 24 or over 35, giving birth in the Central region, and having more than four children were also found to increase LBW risk. However, factors like malaria in pregnancy, ethnicity, and marital status were not significantly associated with LBW.
Early-Life Undernourishment in Developing Countries: Prevalence, Impacts over...Young Lives Oxford
This document summarizes a presentation on early-life undernourishment in developing countries. It discusses the prevalence of undernutrition in young children, the impacts of early-life undernutrition over the life cycle based on data from nutritional studies in Guatemala and other countries. It also examines determinants of early-life nutrition and production relationships. The presentation outlines the prevalence of undernutrition, long term impacts on outcomes like education, economic productivity, and health based on longitudinal studies, and conclusions.
This document discusses malnutrition in Belize and evidence-based interventions. It provides statistics showing that 22% of children in Belize are stunted. The first 1000 days of life are critical for development and damage from malnutrition during this period is largely irreversible. Recommendations to tackle chronic malnutrition in children under two include preventive and early interventions, community empowerment, improving quality of health services, and ensuring sustainability through quality improvement. The Belize health system considers these strategies to address the country's chronic malnutrition problem.
Assessment of nutritional status of household members in a rural nigerian pop...Alexander Decker
This study assessed the nutritional status of household members in 50 rural Nigerian households comprising 202 individuals. Data was collected through questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Results showed 56% of households obtained food through market purchases and homegrown sources, while 22% relied solely on market purchases. Food was mostly distributed individually (42%) or collectively (32%). Fathers received the largest share of food (36%), followed by mothers (30%). Nutritional status revealed high rates of underweight children (67.2%) but normal weight parents (55.4%). Male-headed households had better nutritional status. The study concluded improper food allocation led to high rates of malnutrition among this population.
Analysis of the significance of fishing on food security status ofAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study analyzing the significance of fishing on food security status of rural
households around Lake Ziway and Lake Langano in Ethiopia. 344 rural households were surveyed, with 179
being fishing households and 165 being non-fishing households. Food security was measured using a food
security index calculating daily per capita calorie availability and requirements. Propensity score matching
methods were used to estimate the average treatment effect of fishing on food energy intake, accounting for
observable and unobservable factors. Results found that fishing households had significantly higher food energy
intake compared to non-fishing households, indicating the positive impact of fishing on household food security.
The study suggests promoting income diversification and
This study examined the relationship between home nursing support, sleep, and daytime functioning in 36 primary caregivers of ventilator-assisted children. It found that caregivers with less than 48 hours of nighttime nursing coverage per week had significantly shorter sleep onset times than those with some night nursing (16-48 hours/week). Caregivers with regular night nursing (over 48 hours/week) had almost 1 hour more total sleep time than those without regular night nursing. Caregivers with clinically significant symptoms of depression or sleepiness received significantly fewer hours of night nursing per week than caregivers without such symptoms. The study concluded that home nursing support, especially at night, is important for the health and well-being of careg
This document summarizes a case study on infant mortality rate (IMR) and malnourishment in Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India. It begins with definitions of IMR from organizations like UNICEF and WHO. It then provides background on worldwide and Indian IMR trends, noting that Satna has a higher IMR than most other Indian states and countries globally. The document describes conducting surveys of local officials and residents in Satna to understand factors contributing to high IMR and malnourishment. Key factors identified include lack of access to healthcare, sanitation issues, and poverty. The document concludes by suggesting steps like improving nutrition programs and healthcare access to help reduce IMR and malnourishment in Satna.
This study analyzed the association between asthma emergency department visits, particulate matter (PM 2.5) levels, and temperature inversions in Utah. PM 2.5 levels were significantly higher during inversions and increased with the duration of the inversion. The odds of an emergency department visit for asthma were 42% higher during prolonged inversions of 5-7 days compared to non-inversion days. However, no significant associations were found between ED visits and PM 2.5 levels either on the day of exposure or up to 3 days after exposure.
This document summarizes research on the relationship between food insecurity and health outcomes. Some key findings include:
- Food insecurity is associated with poorer self-rated health, mental health, increased stress, mood/anxiety disorders, migraines, and chronic conditions like diabetes and heart disease.
- Rates of food insecurity in Canada have increased in recent years due to economic factors. Food insecurity disproportionately impacts people's health beyond just nutrition.
- Studies show experiences with childhood hunger are associated with increased risk of poor health, chronic illnesses, and asthma in both childhood and young adulthood.
Unsafe Sleep Practices And An Analysis Of Bedsharing Among Infants Dying Sudd...Biblioteca Virtual
This study analyzed 119 cases of sudden unexpected infant death in the St. Louis area between 1994-1997. The study found that:
1) 61.1% of infants were found prone, 29.4% had their head or face covered by bedding, and 47.1% were sleeping on an adult bed or other non-approved surface.
2) Only 8.4% of infants were found non-prone, with their head and face uncovered.
3) Similar unsafe sleeping practices were seen in cases diagnosed as SIDS, accidental suffocation, and undetermined cause of death, suggesting these diagnoses may overlap.
4) The findings support public health recommendations encouraging supine sleep on firm
This presentation includes causes of maternal mortality; impact of maternal mortality; maternal health issues in northern nigeria; opportunities and strategies.
This document is a thesis that explores the relationship between participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and obesity rates among Latino citizens in the United States. The thesis reviews several theories for why Latinos have higher obesity rates than white Americans, including the effects of acculturation stress, cultural differences, food and physical environments. It also reviews theories on the role that SNAP participation plays in obesity. The author hypothesizes that SNAP increases obesity in environments without healthy food access, but decreases obesity where healthy foods are available. The thesis will test this hypothesis through a comparative case study of two California counties.
WHY ARE THERE INCREASED RATES OF HIV/AIDS IN AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN WHO USE B...rnice725
This document analyzes how historical medical conspiracies and abuse have led to increased HIV/AIDS rates in African American women using birth control. It discusses how medical experiments without consent on slaves and efforts to curb the black population through birth control promoted distrust in healthcare. Certain birth controls can increase HIV risk through side effects like bleeding and immune suppression. Lack of education on risks and follow-up care when side effects occur further endangers women. Addressing medical racism and improving access to community-based care and education are needed.
This document discusses the high rates of low birth weight (LBW) babies in South Asia and its link to increased risk of developing cardio-metabolic disorders later in life. It notes that over 30% of births in India are LBW, and cohort studies from hospitals in India have found that these LBW babies often develop elevated blood pressure, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases as adults. The document advocates for early prevention strategies before conception to address this issue and its contribution to the "fetal origin of adult disease" hypothesis whereby adverse fetal environments can program future disease risk.
This document summarizes findings from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth regarding adoption trends and behaviors in the United States. Key findings include:
- The percentage of ever-married women ages 18-44 who had ever adopted declined from 2.1% in 1973 to 1.3% in 1995.
- Older women, nulliparous (childless) women, women with fertility issues, and those using infertility services were more likely to have considered, taken steps toward, or completed an adoption.
- In 1995, 16% of the 9.9 million women who had ever considered adoption had taken steps toward it, and 31% of those women had adopted. Preferences for age, sex,
The infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of infant deaths per 1000 live births. IMR is an important indicator of a country's development level and standard of living. Globally, IMR has significantly declined since 1960 due to improved healthcare, though it remains much higher in less developed countries. Common causes of infant mortality include low birth weight, respiratory issues, SIDS, and lack of essentials like food, shelter and water. Reducing behaviors like smoking during pregnancy and improving literacy, prenatal care, and access to health services can help lower IMR.
Endometriosis & Dioxins Body Burden - Information for Physicians, Nurses, & O...v2zq
This document discusses the relationship between dioxins, PCBs, and endometriosis. It notes that incidence of endometriosis has been rising dramatically in recent decades and that dioxin exposure has been shown to increase incidence and severity of endometriosis in animal studies. Dioxins and PCBs are environmental contaminants that bioaccumulate in the food chain and disrupt hormone function and immune systems, which may contribute to the development and progression of endometriosis. The document examines various ways that dioxin and PCB exposure can influence endometrial tissue and hormone regulation in a manner that promotes endometriosis.
This document discusses neonatal mortality measurement and summarizes recent developments. It covers:
1) Neonatal mortality rates can now be estimated annually through improved surveys, though data reliability remains a concern. Pregnancy history modules may better capture neonatal deaths.
2) Estimates of neonatal causes of death have been improved through increased country data, especially for large countries like India and China. Rates of infections and tetanus appear to be declining in some areas.
3) Surveys can be improved by modifying questions to better capture neonatal mortality and stillbirths, and through follow up verbal autopsies to obtain cause of death data for over 75% of neonatal deaths dependent on surveys.
Low birth beight and associated maternal factors in ghanaAlexander Decker
This study examined the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) in Ghana and its association with maternal factors using data from the 2011 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. The estimated LBW prevalence was 9.2%, higher than other parts of the world. Factors found to be highly significantly associated with LBW included antenatal care, mother's educational level, location, and economic status. Maternal age under 24 or over 35, giving birth in the Central region, and having more than four children were also found to increase LBW risk. However, factors like malaria in pregnancy, ethnicity, and marital status were not significantly associated with LBW.
Early-Life Undernourishment in Developing Countries: Prevalence, Impacts over...Young Lives Oxford
This document summarizes a presentation on early-life undernourishment in developing countries. It discusses the prevalence of undernutrition in young children, the impacts of early-life undernutrition over the life cycle based on data from nutritional studies in Guatemala and other countries. It also examines determinants of early-life nutrition and production relationships. The presentation outlines the prevalence of undernutrition, long term impacts on outcomes like education, economic productivity, and health based on longitudinal studies, and conclusions.
This document discusses malnutrition in Belize and evidence-based interventions. It provides statistics showing that 22% of children in Belize are stunted. The first 1000 days of life are critical for development and damage from malnutrition during this period is largely irreversible. Recommendations to tackle chronic malnutrition in children under two include preventive and early interventions, community empowerment, improving quality of health services, and ensuring sustainability through quality improvement. The Belize health system considers these strategies to address the country's chronic malnutrition problem.
Assessment of nutritional status of household members in a rural nigerian pop...Alexander Decker
This study assessed the nutritional status of household members in 50 rural Nigerian households comprising 202 individuals. Data was collected through questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Results showed 56% of households obtained food through market purchases and homegrown sources, while 22% relied solely on market purchases. Food was mostly distributed individually (42%) or collectively (32%). Fathers received the largest share of food (36%), followed by mothers (30%). Nutritional status revealed high rates of underweight children (67.2%) but normal weight parents (55.4%). Male-headed households had better nutritional status. The study concluded improper food allocation led to high rates of malnutrition among this population.
Analysis of the significance of fishing on food security status ofAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study analyzing the significance of fishing on food security status of rural
households around Lake Ziway and Lake Langano in Ethiopia. 344 rural households were surveyed, with 179
being fishing households and 165 being non-fishing households. Food security was measured using a food
security index calculating daily per capita calorie availability and requirements. Propensity score matching
methods were used to estimate the average treatment effect of fishing on food energy intake, accounting for
observable and unobservable factors. Results found that fishing households had significantly higher food energy
intake compared to non-fishing households, indicating the positive impact of fishing on household food security.
The study suggests promoting income diversification and
This study examined the relationship between home nursing support, sleep, and daytime functioning in 36 primary caregivers of ventilator-assisted children. It found that caregivers with less than 48 hours of nighttime nursing coverage per week had significantly shorter sleep onset times than those with some night nursing (16-48 hours/week). Caregivers with regular night nursing (over 48 hours/week) had almost 1 hour more total sleep time than those without regular night nursing. Caregivers with clinically significant symptoms of depression or sleepiness received significantly fewer hours of night nursing per week than caregivers without such symptoms. The study concluded that home nursing support, especially at night, is important for the health and well-being of careg
This document summarizes a case study on infant mortality rate (IMR) and malnourishment in Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India. It begins with definitions of IMR from organizations like UNICEF and WHO. It then provides background on worldwide and Indian IMR trends, noting that Satna has a higher IMR than most other Indian states and countries globally. The document describes conducting surveys of local officials and residents in Satna to understand factors contributing to high IMR and malnourishment. Key factors identified include lack of access to healthcare, sanitation issues, and poverty. The document concludes by suggesting steps like improving nutrition programs and healthcare access to help reduce IMR and malnourishment in Satna.
This study analyzed the association between asthma emergency department visits, particulate matter (PM 2.5) levels, and temperature inversions in Utah. PM 2.5 levels were significantly higher during inversions and increased with the duration of the inversion. The odds of an emergency department visit for asthma were 42% higher during prolonged inversions of 5-7 days compared to non-inversion days. However, no significant associations were found between ED visits and PM 2.5 levels either on the day of exposure or up to 3 days after exposure.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness and well-being.
This article discusses Utah's glacial geology, focusing on evidence of past glaciations preserved in the geologic record. It describes how alpine glaciers formed during the Last Glacial Maximum in mountain ranges across Utah, including the Uinta Mountains. Sediment cores from Lake Bonneville have revealed evidence of multiple glacial periods over the past 780,000 years. Glaciers in the Uinta Mountains left behind features like moraines, cirques, and glacially sculpted valleys. Lake Bonneville enhanced snowfall and caused glaciers in nearby ranges to grow larger during the latest glaciation.
The document provides perspectives on Utah's economy from November/December 2010. It discusses how Utah had emerged from net job losses by late summer 2010, though growth was expected to be slow. It also summarizes Utah's new occupational projections between 2008-2018, which expect 64,000 openings annually, driven by growth and replacement needs. Additionally, it outlines how manufacturing took a heavy hit during the recession, with durable goods industries like furniture and transportation equipment seeing the largest losses.
The document outlines the multi-year process of developing Utah's online self-inspection survey, including moving from a paper to online format, improving flexibility and accountability over multiple versions. It describes the roles and functions of administrators and coordinators in creating, distributing, and managing the survey, as well as the process for surveyors to be assigned facilities, conduct inspections, and submit corrective action reports. The document also discusses future plans to enhance the system's data mining capabilities and improve workflow.
This document discusses Utah's strategies for improving population health through statewide clinical and public health data interoperability. It outlines Utah's shared vision for using data exchanges across EHRs, HIEs and public health to support population health goals. Key strategies discussed include developing a shared statewide health IT plan and governance model for a master person index to facilitate identity management and data sharing. The document also highlights challenges in making public health systems more interoperable and developing analytics to support diverse population health needs.
This document provides a summary of historic properties in Utah counties that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It begins with an introduction to the National Register and its significance. It then profiles two counties, Beaver and Box Elder, providing brief histories of each county and highlighting prominent properties that are listed on the National Register, including the Beaver County Courthouse and the Willard Historic District in Box Elder County.
Twins prevalence, problems, and preterm births ajog2010martin-inga
The rate of twin pregnancies in the United States has stabilized at 32 per 1000 births in 2006. Aside from determining chorionicity, first-trimester screening and second-trimester ultrasound scanning should ascertain whether there are structural or chromosomal abnormalities. Compared with singleton births, genetic amniocentesis–related loss at <24 weeks of gestation for twin births is higher (0.9% vs 2.9%, respectively). Selective termination for an anomalous fetus is an option, although the pregnancy loss rate is 7% at experienced centers. For singleton and twin births for African American and white women, approximately 50% of preterm births are indicated; approximately one-third of these births are spontaneous, and 10%
In this presentation, myself and my group members Mary Lenon Bates, Lauryn Waters, and Rachel McPhaul explored the reasons behind why the United States has high infant mortality rates. We also took comparisons from other countries and paid close attention to how things like socioeconomic status affect the outcome of an infant.
The document discusses the role of pediatricians in preventing chronic noncommunicable diseases. It outlines several factors that can impact childhood health and development with long-term consequences, including maternal smoking during pregnancy, preterm birth, maternal obesity, and environmental exposures. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of preterm birth, asthma, cardiovascular issues, and neurological and behavioral problems in children. Both undernutrition and overnutrition during pregnancy can also influence the health of offspring and increase risks of chronic diseases later in life. The document emphasizes the importance of pediatricians educating parents about modifiable risk factors and promoting healthy prenatal environments and lifestyles to reduce the future disease burden from noncommunicable diseases.
This document discusses childhood obesity as a new epidemic in the United States. It notes that approximately 12.7 million children and 78.6 million adults are overweight in the US, which ranks highest among industrialized countries for obesity rates. The rise in fast food consumption and portion sizes are contributing factors, as is increased screen time and marketing of unhealthy foods to children. Childhood obesity can lead to health issues like heart disease and diabetes. More prevention efforts are still needed to address this serious problem.
Diabetes has become the fastest growing chronic disease in New Zealand and a major cause of death for Māori. A community-based program in the Waikato region aims to prevent diabetes through health education, screening, and lifestyle changes. Key interventions include raising awareness of diabetes risks and promoting screening to catch cases early. Evaluating the program through surveys before and after will assess if the goal of minimizing complications was achieved to guide future programs.
This document reviews childhood obesity in the United States. It finds that over 30% of American children are obese or overweight. Childhood obesity rates have more than tripled since 1980 and the physical and economic costs are significant. Newer interventions focus on collaborations between various organizations to change environments and enact policies that support healthy lifestyles. The costs of obesity extend beyond direct healthcare, reducing productivity and economic growth. A national effort across multiple sectors is needed to successfully address childhood obesity.
The document discusses statistics related to various health measures in the United States and other countries from 2000-2010, including leading causes of preventable disease, rates of diabetes, asthma prevalence, recycling rates, and levels of physical activity and health insurance among children and adults. Data shown includes the percentage of adults who smoke tobacco, rates of obesity, and comparisons of asthma statistics between the US and UK.
Growing Trends: School-Based Community Gardens As A Grassroots Response To Ch...angeliaGeo
School-based community gardens are being established as a grassroots response to the childhood obesity crisis in the United States. The document discusses how childhood obesity has tripled over the last 30 years, affecting over 30% of American children. It also notes the disparate impact on minority groups. While nutrition at home is part of the problem, schools could have the largest impact on child wellness given that children spend most of their day there. In response, some parents, educators and students have started school garden cooperatives to provide healthier food options and increase physical activity.
Clarian health health promotion inservice november 8, 2010Julie Gahimer
This document provides an overview of health promotion concepts for physical therapists. It discusses the six dimensions of health, obesity trends in the US, national health goals and objectives, and the roles of physical therapists in health promotion. Physical therapists are well-positioned to educate clients and the public about prevention, screening, and maintaining healthy behaviors through the lifespan. The document also reviews resources like the American Physical Therapy Association for promoting health and wellness.
Breastfeeding And The Risk Of Postneonatal Death In The United StatesBiblioteca Virtual
This study examined the association between breastfeeding and postneonatal mortality in the United States using data from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. The study found that children who were ever breastfed had a 21% lower risk of postneonatal death compared to children who were never breastfed. Longer durations of breastfeeding were associated with even lower risk. The protective effect of breastfeeding was seen across different causes of postneonatal death, including infections, injuries, and sudden infant death syndrome.
This document discusses childhood obesity in New Jersey. It begins by defining childhood obesity and outlining national statistics on prevalence, causes, and effects. It then provides statistics specific to New Jersey, showing higher rates of obesity in low-income areas. The document discusses national initiatives like Let's Move and the Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act, as well as New Jersey's Partnership for Healthy Kids program. It provides examples of initiatives in New Jersey cities like Camden that aim to increase access to healthy foods and physical activity opportunities to help reduce childhood obesity rates.
1. Maternal and child mortality in the United States has increased in recent decades according to findings from the GBD 2013 study, unlike trends in other developed nations which have seen continued declines.
2. The reasons for rising mortality in the US are unclear but may be related to increasing rates of non-communicable diseases and comorbidities among women of reproductive age as well as declining health insurance coverage and access to care.
3. While congenital birth defects have decreased substantially in the US, rates of neonatal disorders and injuries continue to outpace declines in other countries, driving higher rates of child mortality overall.
This document discusses issues facing New York State's youth and proposes recommendations to protect their health. It identifies major problems like obesity, physical inactivity, substance abuse, unprotected sex, mental health issues, suicide, and violence. Research shows physical inactivity increases risks for many unhealthy behaviors. The document recommends solutions involving the medical community, state government, local groups, and families to help guide at-risk youth to healthier futures. Each sector has a role to play, but they need to work together for optimal impact.
Stillbirth epidemiology, diabetes, and other risk factors among all pregnanci...Kelli Buckreus
This study analyzed pregnancy data from 2000-2009 in Alberta to examine stillbirth rates and risk factors among First Nations and non-First Nations women. The key findings were:
1) Stillbirth rates were significantly higher among First Nations women compared to non-First Nations women, with age-adjusted antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth rates 2.86 and 1.80 times higher respectively.
2) Stillbirth rates remained stable over the study period for both groups.
3) Risk factors for stillbirth identified for both groups included advanced maternal age, history of abortion/stillbirth, pregestational diabetes, and preexisting hypertension. First Nations ethnicity was also an independent risk factor.
Running head MATERNAL, INFANT AND CHILD HEALTH .docxcowinhelen
Running head: MATERNAL, INFANT AND CHILD HEALTH 1
MATERNAL, INFANT AND CHILD HEALTH 9
Maternal, infant and child health
Name
Institution
Abstract
Maternal, infant health is very essential for the progress of any country since they form the pillar of our future generations. United States has made significant strides towards securing the maternal and child health through various initiatives and programs within the country and around the globe. Despite the existence of health care initiatives to promote maternal, infant and child health, maternal and infant mortalities are still recorded on a daily basis in the U.S. Risk factors to maternal, infant and child mortalities include poor and a lack of a antenatal care attendance, unskilled birth attendants,ce and childhood illnesses. More than a quarter of every single maternal mortality is because of postpartum hemorrhaginge, for the most part after labor.
Infant mortality is another prevalent case that contributes to the worsening situation in child and maternal health, because of untimely births represent more than a quarter of infant mortalities, trailed by mortalities during births and neonatal sepsis. Maternal and child health (MCH) programs concentrate on medical problems concerning related to mothers, children, and families – such as , for example, access to suitable pre-natal and child welfare services, baby mortality mitigation initiatives, emergency medical services, prevention of injuries, infant screening, and administrations to kidschildren children with unique health care needs. The United States is working to prevent maternal deaths, infant mortalities, and child mortalities, and to reduce the prevalence of these incidences. It calls for a multidisciplinary approach in order to eliminate this issue affecting the mothers and children. Reinforcing referral systems and linkages between various levels of hospital-based patient care, and between healthcare organizations providers and the general population, must be a top needpriority.
1- (the things in red is the corrections, if its underline means this is the correct world and if its cross off means you have to delete it)
2- ( the things in yellow you have to delete it and write the topic and the purpose of the paper and I will write it for you at the end of the first paragraph).
3- Change anything about child health and just focus on mortality maternal unless there is something related to the child health so then you can mention that.
4- Scoop of the problem
5- Associated factors
6- solutions
Maternal child and infant health
Enhancing the prosperity of mothers, newborn children, and young children is a vital public health objective for the United States and the entire globe. Their prosperity dictates the strength of the people in the future and can anticipate future public wellbeing challenges for fam ...
1. The document discusses infant mortality rates in the United States, particularly disparities between African American and white populations. While infant mortality has declined overall, the U.S. rate lags behind other developed nations. African American infants die at more than twice the rate of white infants.
2. Many factors contribute to higher infant mortality among African Americans, including socioeconomic status, environmental and genetic interactions, and policies around maternity leave. Despite research, the exact causes of racial disparities remain unknown.
3. The presentation focuses on how these factors may impact outcomes for African American infants, seeking to explain why this population experiences greater infant loss in the U.S. compared to immigrant black groups from the same regions.
The document discusses the topic of eugenics and genetic defects. It provides background on eugenics and countries that enacted compulsory sterilization laws. It then discusses the rise of neo-eugenics with new technologies allowing for identification and termination of pregnancies with genetic defects. Tables show statistics on birth defects and termination rates in different countries and regions. The conclusion suggests voluntary eugenics is underway in secular Western European countries where termination is viewed as a quality of life choice, and recommends further research is needed to understand impacts across different groups.
The document provides statistics and information about abortion worldwide and in the United States. Some key points include:
- Approximately 42 million abortions occur worldwide each year, with 115,000 occurring daily.
- In the US, there are about 1.37 million abortions annually, with 3,700 occurring daily.
- The vast majority (93%) of abortions in the US are done for social or economic reasons rather than health reasons.
- Over half of abortions in the US occur before 9 weeks of pregnancy.
Similar to Depression in Utah - Sep 2009 Report (20)
The Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory is a cooperative effort between the Utah Department of Agriculture and Food and Utah State University that provides laboratory testing and expertise to protect animal health, promote Utah's agricultural economy, and protect public health. It serves various groups including animal owners, veterinarians, and regulatory agencies. While accredited nationally, it has been running deficits in recent years as public funding has remained flat while operating costs have increased, leading to consequences like higher user fees, outsourcing tests, eliminating positions, and inability to adopt new technologies.
This document presents a report on health disparities by Utah state legislative district published by the Utah Department of Health Office of Health Disparities in January 2019. It includes profiles for each of Utah's 29 state senate districts and 75 state house districts that provide information on health indicators and disparities. The report utilizes Utah Small Areas, which group similar communities within legislative districts, and the Utah Health Improvement Index to assess health equity across districts in a novel way. The goal is to empower elected officials to address health disparities and improve outcomes in their constituencies.
Localscapes is a program created to promote more water-efficient landscaping in Utah. It provides a 5-step process for designing a landscape using local plants with less watering needed. Cost comparisons showed that a Localscapes design for a 0.22 acre property would save over 130,000 gallons of water per year compared to a traditional design, while only costing $1,873 more on average. The program offers rebates and incentives for homeowners who work with approved landscape professionals to install a qualifying Localscapes design. It is partnering with various organizations and growing a network of landscape designers, contractors, and retailers to promote water-efficient landscaping.
This document summarizes the results of surveys conducted between 1987-2017 to determine the success of a translocation program that aimed to reestablish a desert tortoise population in Zone 4. Key findings include:
1) Tortoise density and abundance have increased over time, from undetected in 1987-91 to 13.4 tortoises/sq km in 2017, compared to 19.6 tortoises/sq km in the reserve.
2) Translocated adult tortoises exhibited higher growth rates than reserve tortoises.
3) Translocated tortoises displayed high site fidelity within Zone 4 despite some movement greater than tortoises in other zones.
4) Mortality risks like
The Logan River Observatory collects and stores water quality and flow data from the Logan River and its tributaries. This data is used to inform water resource decisions, support education programs, and further understanding of issues like stormwater and drinking water. The observatory works with local agencies, researchers, and communities to ensure the data is accessible and can support efforts to manage water resources, balance competing demands, and plan for a changing climate.
This document outlines several workforce development programs in Utah receiving funding from Talent Ready Utah. Weber State University is leading programs in building design and construction and cybersecurity with ongoing funding of $260,000 and $295,000 respectively. Utah State University is leading a core IT statewide stackable credential pathway with $370,000 in ongoing funding.
The Utah Division of Forestry, Fire and State Lands is requesting appropriations for FY20. In 2018, Utah saw its most expensive and active fire season on record, with over 486,000 acres burned at an estimated cost of $42 million to the state. The Division is requesting $19.8 million in supplemental funding for 2018 fire suppression and rehabilitation costs. The Division also manages over 1.5 million acres of sovereign lands and provides forestry assistance. The document outlines several ongoing and one-time funding requests to support phragmites control on Great Salt Lake, management plans for Bear Lake and Dalton Wells, a land lease database, and the Catastrophic Wildfire Reduction Strategy.
The Division of Wildlife Resources director Mike Fowlks presented on February 1, 2019. Their mission is to serve Utah as trustee and guardian of the state's wildlife with a hardworking staff. Funding comes from various sources including general funds, restricted funds, dedicated credits, and federal funds. The division has improved technology efficiencies and completed a nature center. Winter conditions so far have provided good snow and wildlife are doing well. Ongoing drought and wildfires threaten wildlife habitat while aquatic invasive species require ongoing monitoring. A request was made for $405,000 to address these species. A $35,000,000 budget request was made to acquire the Tabby Mountain property to conserve wildlife habitat through various funding sources including general funds
The Utah Department of Transportation presented on several infrastructure and transportation projects and funding requests to the Infrastructure & General Government Appropriations Committee. They discussed the I-15 Technology Corridor project, data and input for long-range planning, implementing Senate Bill 136 which reorganized UDOT, and funding requests for aircraft replacement and maintenance in the Aeronautics program. They also requested additional funds for local government land use and planning technical assistance.
The document provides an overview of the Utah System of Technical Colleges' (UTech) proposed FY 2020 budget. It outlines five funding priorities: 1) employee compensation increases, 2) $7 million for employer-driven program expansion and student support, 3) $3 million for equipment funds, 4) $650,000 for Custom Fit program, and 5) $250,000 for additional data analyst and software engineer positions for the system office. The budget request aims to increase program offerings, student support, and system analytics capabilities to further align technical education with employer needs and economic growth in Utah.
This document from the Division of Drinking Water outlines criteria for public water systems and provides guidance to water system owners and operators. It discusses the federal definition of a public water system, categories of water systems, population estimates, permitting processes, and responsibilities for infrastructure associated with master meters and bulk water connections. The document seeks input on regulatory approaches to existing and future bulk meters to clarify responsibilities and protect public health.
The document summarizes data from a Utah legislative report on suicide prevention. It finds that Utah's suicide rate in 2017 was 25.6 per 100,000 people, comparable to previous years. Suicide rates were highest among white and American Indian males in rural areas where firearm suicide rates were also higher. The report also details funding and effectiveness of Utah's suicide prevention programs, and concludes that 85% of gun deaths in Utah are suicides, with recommendations around limiting access to firearms.
The Utah Division of Aeronautics annual report outlines funding amounts and projects. It distributed $3.29 million in state grants across 28 projects and $47.4 million in federal FAA grants across 25 projects. Major pavement projects in the past 5 years included runways at Ogden, Richfield, SkyPark, Morgan, Provo, Spanish Fork, Dutch John, Manti, and Logan airports. The report also describes Morgan County Airport's runway refurbishment project and reconstruction of Hanksville Airport, as well as Utah's nationally recognized flight training program and new FAA regulations for commercial drone operators.
This quarterly report from the Utah Division of Child and Family Services provides statistics and outcomes measures for the fourth quarter of FY2018. It summarizes data on referrals, child protective services investigations, in-home services, foster care, and kinship care. Some key findings include that 51% of referrals were accepted for investigation, the most common supported allegations were neglect, domestic violence, and sexual abuse, and over 90% of children did not have a subsequent supported CPS case within 12 months of their initial case.
This presentation provides an overview and history of FirstNet, a nationwide public safety wireless broadband network:
- FirstNet was created in 2012 by Congress to provide emergency responders with a dedicated communications network. It has partnered with AT&T to build and operate the network.
- The network is being deployed in phases from 2018-2022, with $200 million already invested in Utah. It provides priority access and preemption capabilities to ensure first responders have connectivity during emergencies.
- Unique features include a separate core from commercial networks, 24/7 security monitoring, and a lab that tests devices and applications on the network.
This document summarizes a performance audit of state energy incentives in the state. It finds that energy-incentivizing tax credits total $74 million annually and are still growing. Several grant and loan programs not focused on energy provide more incentives than those that are focused on energy. Utilities' energy incentive programs cost $438.6 million. The audit recommends clearly identifying program intent to better measure success and establishing appropriate metrics to evaluate whether programs accomplish energy goals cost-effectively.
This document summarizes historical trends and emerging issues related to transportation policy and funding in Utah. It outlines how the state's transportation budget has historically relied on motor fuel taxes and vehicle registration fees, but these revenues are stabilizing or declining. To address a growing funding shortfall compared to transportation needs, the state is exploring options like public-private partnerships, bonding programs, and demand management strategies to supplement traditional funding sources.
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.Gokuldas Hospital
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
1. Utah Health Status Update:
Depression
September 2009 Utah Department of Health
Of all mental illnesses, depression is the most Major Depression by Small Area
common disorder.1 Approximately 14.8 mil- Figure 1. Percentage of adults reporting current major depression by local
lion adults in the U.S., or 6.7% of the adult health district and small area, Utah, 2005–2007
population, suffer from major depression each
year.2 Major depression is the leading cause of
disability in the U.S. for ages 15–44.
Depression was selected by the Healthy People
2010 committee in order to monitor progress in
mental health treatment among adults. Healthy
People 2010 objective 18-9b states “Increase
the proportion of adults with recognized
depression who receive treatment.”
In order to estimate the prevalence of depression
in Utah adults, the Patient Health Questionnaire
(PHQ-9) was included on the Utah Behavioral
Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
from 2005–2007. The PHQ-9 is a validated
screening tool to diagnose clinical depression.
The BRFSS is a random-digit-dialed telephone
survey of noninstitutionalized persons 18 years
of age and older. Survey respondents were
classified as having major depression based
on a validated algorithm.
Results from the survey indicate that 4.1% of
Utah adults, or approximately 75,100 indi-
viduals, had major depression. More women
(5.1%) were classified as having major depres-
sion than men (3.1%). Based on data from
2006, Utah ranked 21st for percentage of
adults with major depression compared to the
33 other states that included some variation
of the PHQ-9 on the BRFSS that year. Utah’s Age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.
rate (4.2%) was similar to the combined rate
(4.2%) of the 34 states. North Dakota had the
lowest rate of major depression (2.2%) while Orem (8.8%) and West Valley East (8.2%). The lowest rates of major
West Virginia had the highest rate (7.0%). depression were found in the combined West Jordan/Copperton and
South Jordan small areas (1.2%), Grand/San Juan County (1.5%) and
The age-adjusted rate of major depression in
Sandy Center (1.9%). The South Salt Lake and West Valley East rates
Utah varied by local health district (LHD).
were significantly higher than the state rate. The combined West Jordan/
Central Utah LHD had the highest rate of ma-
Copperton and South Jordan small area and Grand/San Juan County
jor depression (5.6%) while Summit County
rates were significantly lower than the state rate (see Figure 1).
LHD had the lowest rate (2.2%). However,
neither of these rates is statistically different The prevalence of major depression was higher among adults with
from the overall state rate of major depression selected chronic diseases. People who ever had a stroke had rates of
(4.1%). Looking at small areas within LHDs, major depression three times higher than those who had never had a
adults in South Salt Lake had the highest rate stroke (12.0% vs. 3.9%). People who had ever had a heart attack (8.6%
of major depression (10.4%) followed by West vs. 4.0%), had current asthma (8.2% vs. 3.7%), hypertension (7.7% vs.
2. 3.6%), and doctor diagnosed arthritis (7.5% Major Depression by Chronic Disease
vs. 2.9%) had major depression at more than Figure 2. Percentage of adults reporting current major depression by
twice the rate of those without those chronic selected chronic diseases, Utah, 2005–2007
conditions. Adults with diabetes (6.2% vs.
3.9%) also had higher rates of depression than
those not diagnosed (see Figure 2).
A multivariate analysis was performed to deter-
mine if certain health behaviors were different
for Utah adults who had major depression. The
analysis controlled for age, sex, race, education,
and employment as individual logistic regression
models. Persons who were classified with major
depression were 5.4 times more likely to report
fair or poor health status, 2.3 times more likely
to be current smokers, 1.8 times more likely to
report binge drinking, and more than 1.5 times
more likely to be obese when compared to people
not classified with major depression. They were
only about half as likely to engage in the rec-
Age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.
ommended amount of physical activity. Major Hypertension and asthma data reported for 2005 and 2007.
depression was not related to the consumption
of fruits and vegetables (see Figure 3).
Lifestyle Behaviors of Utahns With Major Depression
Utah has a similar prevalence of major depres- Figure 3. Odds of lifestyle behaviors for persons with major depression
sion when compared to other states using the versus persons without major depression, Utah, 2005–2007
PHQ-9 analysis, although geographic variation
exists within the State. Major depression may
be associated with certain chronic conditions,
health, and health behaviors. Targeted screening
for and treatment of depression should be con-
sidered among persons who have had strokes or
heart attacks and persons with chronic diseases.
Public health efforts towards increased physical
activity, smoking cessation, and alcohol addic-
tion should recognize the impact of depression
on these behaviors. Timely and appropriate
interventions can help improve the quality of
life of persons who suffer from this disease.
References
1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Ser-
vices. Healthy People 2010. 2nd ed. With Under-
standing and Improving Health and Objectives Age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.
5 a Day and recommended physical activity data reported for 2005 and 2007.
for Improving Health. Washington, DC: U.S.
Government Printing Office, November 2000.
2. National Institutes of Mental Health “The Numbers
Count: Mental Disorders in America.” Retrieved
from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/numbers September 2009 Utah Health Status Update
.cfm#MajorDepressive on February 27, 2006.
For additional information about this topic, contact Michael
Friedrichs, MS, Bureau of Health Promotion, Utah Department
A comprehensive report on these data is of Health, Box 142106, Salt Lake City, UT 84114-2106, (801)
being prepared and will be available by 538-6244, email: mfriedrichs@utah.gov, or Jennifer Wrathall,
fall, 2009 and can be accessed at http:// MPH, Office of Public Health Assessment, Utah Department of
health.utah.gov/opha/publications/brfss/ Health, Box 142101, Salt Lake City, UT 84114-2101, (801) 538-
Depression/Depression.html. 9259, email: jwratha@utah.gov
3. Spotlights for August 2009
Breaking News, August 2009
Multiple Births Multiple Births Seen Through the Neonatal Follow-up
Program (NFP), UDOH, Prospective Study of Very
Natural incidence for twins is 1 in 80 (3%) and for triplets 1 in
Low Birth Weight Babies, Nov. 2006–Nov. 2007
8000 (0.2%).* Since 1980 in the U.S. there has been an increase in
Spontaneous ART
multiple births by 75% for twins and by 220% for triplets and qua-
Number of Children 192 133
druplets.* The increase in multiple births is attributed to delayed
Number of Families 104 69
pregnancy, treatment with fertility drugs, and assisted reproduc-
Twins 164 (85%) 80 (60%)
tive technology (ART). In the U.S. in the year 2006, ART alone
Triplets 9 (5%) 27 (20%)
accounted for 1% of all deliveries and 18% of multiple births.*
Quadruplets 0 (0%) 8 (6%)
Gestational age at delivery decreases as fetal Single Survivor 19 (10%) 18 (14%)
number increases. The average gestational Gravity of Illness
age for triplets is 32 weeks and for quadru- Spontaneously Multiple
plets 29 weeks in the U.S. (5 and 8 weeks Occurring Births as a
early, respectively). Babies born early are at Number of Children (Percent) Multiple Births Result of ART
risk for multiple long term problems. Pre- Average gestation 29 weeks 28 weeks
(Term is 38–40 weeks and premature is 37 weeks and less)
maturity is the most powerful predictor of
Average birth weight
cerebral palsy and the risk of cerebral palsy (1 pound = 454 grams)
1183 grams 1128 grams
is increased among multiple births.* Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay 68 days 68 days
In summary, although positive achievements Discharged from NICU on oxygen 98 (51%) 78 (59%)
(Infants with chronic lung disease)
in science and technology are undeniable,
one must weigh the possibility of undesirable Severe brain bleed placing the infant at risk for cere-
26 (14%) 28 (21%)
bral palsy and cognitive impairment
consequences such as extreme prematurity
Retinopathy of prematurity requiring laser treatment
which caries a risk for prolonged hospital placing the infant at risk for long term vision concerns
22 (11%) 12 (9%)
stay, long term health problems, neurologi- Congenital anomaly 13 (7%) 24 (18%)
cal deficit, and cognitive impairment. * References available upon request.
Community Health Indicators Spotlight, August 2009
Salmonella
Outbreaks of Salmonella have become a year-round occurrence; they are being identified and investigated even during the
off-peak months for foodborne diseases. This new pattern is due in a large part to improved identification of outbreaks through
specialized laboratory techniques that can help public health link distant illnesses together as outbreaks. Over the last 12
months, the Utah Department of Health and local health departments in Utah have partnered with the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention and other state and local
health departments to investigate outbreaks of Sal- Average Number of Cases of Salmonellosis by Month of
monella that have been linked to turkey products, Occurrence, Utah, 1999–2008
peanut butter products, and Salmonella cultures for
school laboratories. Several other outbreaks were
investigated for which no source was identified.
During the spring of 2009, public health in Utah in-
vestigated an outbreak of Salmonella infections linked
to queso fresco, Mexican-style homemade raw-milk
cheese, made privately in people’s homes. Public
health officials believe the cheese was contaminated
from ingredients used to make the queso fresco, or
from cross-contamination of the cheese. Public health
has advised the public to: only use pasteurized milk to
make queso fresco; keep milk and other ingredients
refrigerated; use proper food handling practices to
avoid cross contamination; and only buy queso fresco
from the refrigerated section of the grocery store, not
street vendors or door-to-door salesmen.
4. Monthly Health Indicators Report
(Data Through July 2009)
Expected/
Fiscal YTD
# Expected Cases
Budgeted
Budgeted
Variance
# Expected YTD
Morbidity Ratio
budget҂
(under)
Current
Month҂
Current Month
Current Month
(5-yr average)
(5-yr average)
Month
YTD Standard
- over
Fiscal
# Cases YTD
YTD҂
Medicaid Expenditures (in Millions)
for
(obs/exp)
for the Month of July 2009†
# Cases
Capitated Mental Health $ 0.7 N/A $ 112.9 N/A N/A
Monthly Report of Notifiable Inpatient Hospital $ 13.0 N/A $ 234.7 N/A N/A
Diseases, July 2009
Outpatient Hospital $ 8.4 N/A $ 108.7 N/A N/A
Campylobacteriosis (Campylobacter) 18 52 138 191 0.7
Long Term Care $ 11.2 N/A $ 203.1 N/A (N/A)
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) 10 15 37 41 0.9
Pharmacy $ 2.4 N/A $ 129.0 N/A (N/A)
Hepatitis A (infectious hepatitis) 0 2 3 12 0.2
Physician/Osteo Services‡ $ 6.4 N/A $ 86.5 N/A (N/A)
Hepatitis B (serum hepatitis) 1 3 5 15 0.3
TOTAL HCF MEDICAID $ 121.3 N/A $ 1,721.1 N/A N/A
Measles (Rubeola, Hard Measles) 0 0 0 0 --
% Change§
% Change§
Population
Meningococcal Diseases 0 1 1 7 0.2
Charges in
of Events
Previous
Previous
Number
Norovirus 0 3 6 12 0.5
Millions
per 100
From
From
Total
Pertussis (Whooping Cough) 7 26 106 236 0.4
Rate
Year
Year
Salmonellosis (Salmonella) 23 36 156 179 0.9 Health Care System Measures
Shigellosis (Shigella) 0 5 13 23 0.6 Overall Hospitalizations (2007) 278,952 9.7% -0.7% $ 4,265.9 +10.1%
Varicella (Chickenpox) 0 7 334 459 0.7 Non-maternity Hospitalizations (2007) 164,659 5.6% -0.9% $ 3,554.6 +9.9%
Viral Meningitis 4 13 16 46 0.3 Emergency Department Encounters (2007) 682,122 24.0% -1.3% $ 781.0 +17.1%
West Nile (human cases) 0 2 1 2 0.4 Outpatient Surgery (2007) 296,596 10.5% -5.7% $ 1,109.0 +8.6%
% Change§
Population
# Expected YTD
Current Quarter
Current Quarter
Morbidity Ratio
Data Year
(5-yr average)
(5-yr average)
Percent/
Previous
Affected
YTD Standard
Number
Current
# Cases YTD
at Risk
# Expected
From
(obs/exp)
Rate
Year
Annual Community Health
# Cases
Measures
Cases
Notifiable Diseases Reported Overweight and Obesity (Adults 18+) 2008 1,924,274 1,119,500 58.2% +0.5%
Quarterly, 2nd Qtr 2009 Cigarette Smoking (Adults 18+) 2008 1,924,274 179,200 9.3% -20.4%
HIV 17 23 39 42 0.9 Influenza Immunization (Adults 65+) 2008 237,275 173,900 73.3% -3.8%
AIDS 10 10 23 23 1.0 Health Insurance Coverage (Uninsured) 2008 2,781,954 298,200 10.7% +0.7%
Chlamydia 1,545 1,221 3,281 2,488 1.3 Motor Vehicle Crash Injury Deaths 2008 2,781,954 268 9.6 / 100,000 -3.3%
Gonorrhea 84 175 180 354 0.5 Suicide Deaths 2008 2,781,954 384 13.8 / 100,000 +1.3%
Tuberculosis 9 8 20 17 1.2 Diabetes Prevalence 2008 2,781,954 129,500 4.7% -1.0%
Coronary Heart Disease Deaths 2008 2,781,954 1,514 54.4 / 100,000 -4.0%
From Previous
From 1 Year
All Cancer Deaths 2008 2,781,954 2,478 89.1 / 100,000 -5.6%
% Change§
% Change§
1 Year Ago
Previous
Births to Adolescents (Ages 15-17) 2008 61,727 1,122 18.2 / 1,000 -2.0%
Current
Month
Month
Month
Early Prenatal Care 2008 55,605 43,997 79.1% -0.4%
Program Enrollment for the
Ago
Month of July 2009 Infant Mortality 2008 55,605 264 4.7 / 1,000 -7.9%
Medicaid 197,248 195,257 +1.0% 166,026 +18.8% Childhood Immunization (4:3:1:3:3:1) 2008 53,525 39,400 73.6% -5.8%
PCN (Primary Care Network) 23,438 24,103 -2.8% 19,068 +22.9% § % Change could be due to random variation.
† The final Medicaid July old adjustment expendiures have not been posted and are not included in this report. The
CHIP (Children’s Health Ins. Plan) 40,131 40,742 -1.5% 34,491 +16.4% Medicaid service expenditures reported here are the most current as of the release date of this report.
҂ Determination on tier 1 and tier 2 unemployment enhancements and the ARRA rate differentials for the the school
districts are still being decided. For these two reasons the total Medicaid Budget amounts are not ready to be released.
‡ Medicaid payments reported under Physician/Osteo Services do not include enhanced physician payments.
Notes: Data for notifiable diseases are preliminary and subject to change upon the completion of ongoing disease
investigations. Active surveillance for influenza has ended until the 2009 season.