This document discusses the use of demonstrative adjectives in English. It explains that "this" and "these" refer to people and things that are close to the speaker, while "that" and "those" refer to people and things that are more distant from the speaker, either physically or in time. Some examples are provided to illustrate the different uses of these words as adjectives and pronouns. The document concludes with an exercise asking the reader to fill in blanks with the correct demonstrative adjective.

1. Demonstrative
This, These, That and Those
By Maricela Alvarez Ibarra

2. Rules
A demonstrative adjective comes before
a noun that it describes.
 Demonstrative adjectives tell wich one or
wich ones.
 This That These Those

3. Generally speaking, we use this/these to refer to people
and things, situations and experiences that are close to
the speaker or very close in time. We use that/those to
refer to people and things, situations and experiences that
are more distant, either in time or physically.
singular this that
plural these those
close to the more distant to the speaker
speaker (in space or time)

4. THIS Examples
 The word this and that can be used as
either adjectives or pronouns, depending
on the sentence.
 This as an adjective:
 Este cuarto es largo. - This room is long.
 This as a pronoun:
 Veo éste. - I see this.
 (Éste, Ésta, Éstos, Éstas)

5. THAT Examples
 That as an adjective:
 Esa camisa es azul. - That shirt is blue.
 That as a pronoun:
 Ése es un perro. - That is a dog.
 (Ése, Ésa, Ésos, Ésas)

6. THAT EXAMPLES
 That (over there) as an adjective:
 Aquel rio es largo. - That river is long.
 That (over there) as a pronoun:
 Aquél es el mio. - That is mine.
 (Aquél, Aquéllos, Aquélla, Aquéllas)

7. Use THESE and THOSE with
objects that are plural
 These pictures are perfect for my album.
 Those mirrors will go perfectly in my
hallway.
 These lenses magnify objects.
 We can use those mirrors by the window.

8. Fill in with this, these, that or
those as in the example
1. This is a postman
2. _______ is a mouse
3. _______ are dolls
4. _______ are bananas
5. _______ is a monkey

9. Exercise continue
6. _______ are hands
7. _______ is a bicycle
8. _______ is a pen
9. _______ are golf players
10. _______ are masks.