Delinquent Boys At Increased Risk Of Premature
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A study in the UK found that boys who engaged in antisocial behavior like skipping school or had parental issues like little supervision were at higher risk of premature death or disability by middle age. Boys who were delinquent at age 10 or convicted of a crime by age 18 had a 16.3% chance of death or disability by age 48 compared to 2.6% for boys without such issues. The study followed over 400 boys from ages 8-9 to 43-48 and found factors like antisocial behavior at a young age, criminal convictions, and lack of parental supervision correlated with higher rates of death and disability decades later. The reasons for this connection are unclear but may involve lasting impacts of childhood stress on health.
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Juvenile delinquency is a gateway to adult crime, since a large percentage of criminal careers have their roots in childhood causing serious problems all over the world. Delinquency has always been considered as a social problem over and above the fact that it is a legal problem it is also a psychological problem. Hence to avoid this social evil one has to tackle the complex problem of delinquency from the social psychological and to familial angles.
Although laws regarding Juvenile delinquencies have been formed long since, they are also being changed from time to time. Currently, in all the progressive and civilized countries of the world the laws with regard to the Juvenile delinquents have been changed.
Murder, rape, dacoity, burglary, kidnapping are a few more that add to the rest of it. On the basis of the available statistics, an inference can be drawn that these crimes are on the increasing path.
On the whole, current efforts to fight juvenile delinquency are characterized by the lack of systematic action and the absence of task-oriented and effective social work with both offenders and victims, whether real or potential.
NAAAS 2014
This document summarizes a study examining the effect of a father figure/male caregiver on the sexual debut of African American adolescent females seeking psychiatric care. The study found no significant relationship between the presence of a father figure/male caregiver (whether living in or outside the home) and the age of sexual debut. No relationship was found between the absence of a father figure and age of sexual debut either. The study had limitations, such as a small sample size and self-reported sexual activity data. Further research is needed examining the quality of father-daughter relationships and different types of father figures.
Mental health media
1) A quarter of 14-year-old girls and nearly one in 10 boys show signs of depression according to a UK study. Teenage girls report more anxiety and depressive symptoms than boys.
2) Teenagers from poorer backgrounds or those with mixed or white ethnic backgrounds have a higher risk of depression. Boys from mixed or other ethnic groups are also at greater risk.
3) Factors that can contribute to teenage mental health issues include worries about body image, exam stress, family issues, bullying, drug abuse, low self-esteem, poverty, and peer rejection.
Mental health media
One in four British girls shows signs of depression by age 14, according to a large study. Teenage girls report more anxiety and depressive symptoms than boys. Boys from poorer families and those from mixed or white ethnic backgrounds also have an increased risk. Factors that can contribute include worries about body image, exam stress, family issues, bullying, drug abuse, low self-esteem, poverty, and peer rejection. Half of all adult mental health issues start at age 14. Teenagers are struggling with mental health pressures due to influences like social media and high expectations around school, careers, and finances.
AdolescencePhysical & CognitiveDevelopmentSources.docx
Adolescence*
Physical & Cognitive
Development
Sources include: Boyd & Bee (2012) “Lifespan Development”
Defining Adolescence
Challenging: Synonymous with teenage years?
Physical changes may occur by age 9
Level of increased maturity/responsibility
Transitional Period (Childhood – Adult)
Def. Puberty - Collective term for all physical changes (seen/unseen)
required for reproductive maturity
Prefrontal Cortex
Changes in Brain
13 - 15 years:
Cortex thickens
Neural pathway efficiency increases
Increased energy produced/consumed
Just before Puberty
Synapses from Cortex form w/ other parts of brain
Changes in Brain
At Approx. 17 years – beginning Early Adulthood
Frontal lobes (logic/planning) more developed
Still, limited
Prefrontal Cortex (PFC)
Executive Functioning – control & organize thought processes
Impulse Control Won’t be complete until mid 20s
May lead to impulsive actions
(Not well thought out- consequences)
Body Systems
Adolescents: may grow 3 - 6 inches/year
Full adult height:
Girls: by 16 years
Boys: by 18 – 20 years
Cephalocaudal/Proximodistal Dev - “Reversed”
Hands/feet full adult size before arms/legs
Shoe size rapid changes - signal of puberty
Muscle mass differences:
Men - 40% of total body mass is muscle
Women - 24%
Milestones of Puberty
Pituitary Gland (Master Gland – controls all glands)
Signals Adrenal Gland to increase “Androgen”
Adrenarche – begins around aged 7-8
Hormone that stimulates growth of:
Ovaries (Girls) - Estradiol (Form of estrogen)
Testes (Boys) - Testosterone
Pituitary Gland
Pituitary Gland (cont.)
Pituitary gland secretes two other hormones:
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
General Growth Hormone
Two sets of body changes triggered:
1. Development of sex organs
2. General changes in brain, bone, muscles…
Puberty:
Physical Changes
Physical change most obvious and most associated with adolescence is sexual maturity
Primary Sex Characteristics
Females - Ovaries, Uterus, Vagina
Males - Testes, Penis
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Females – Breast development, body hair
Males – Voice pitch, facial hair, body hair
AGING – Biological / Psychological / Social
Sexual Development:
Females
First Menstruation (Menarche):
Tends to occur 2 years after other visible changes
10% females experience Menarche before age 11
90% females by age 14
Still possible to become pregnant after menarche
However, irregular cycles initially
Approx. 2-3 years after Menarche – no Ovum released
Full adult development takes years
Historical Trends
Timing of menarche
Between 1850 – 1950 (approx. 4 mos./decade earlier)
1840: age 17 years (Dropping 4 months/decade until 1950s)
Secular TrendChanges that occur in developing nations when nutrition and health improve.
Lifestyle/Diet:
Increases in protein and fat consumption
N. Korean refugee camps (limited food): age 16
Critical value: 17% body fat
Sexual Development:
Males
First Ejaculation (Spermarche)
Typically between 13-14 years.
Juvenile delinquency
2014 Uluslararası Lider Martılar Projeleri_No 15
2014 International ICT Leading Seagulls Projects #15
A Study Of Child Sex Offenders Characteristics And Motivations
This document summarizes a literature review on characteristics and motivations of child sex offenders. It finds that offenders can generally be classified into two types: regressed offenders who victimize acquainted children, and fixated offenders who target unknown children and use grooming. Regressed offenders seem motivated by power and control, while fixated offenders have a faulty perception of mating partners. Most victims are female children under age 14, and abuse often goes unreported, as many offenders are family members able to conceal crimes for years. Further research is needed to better characterize and classify offenders.
Sex in Youth
This document discusses various aspects of adolescent sexuality, including:
- Adolescent sexuality is influenced by culture, sexual orientation, and age of consent laws.
- A 2002 European survey found most 15-year-olds were not sexually active, but those who were mostly used contraception.
- Modern media contains more sexual messages than in the past, but the effects on teen behavior are unknown.
- Teenage pregnancy poses additional medical risks, especially for mothers under 15. Socioeconomic factors also impact risks for mothers aged 15-19.
Session 3 1 lllc 2222 official statistics.2016
This document provides statistics and explanations about measuring and understanding crime. It discusses four main ways of knowing how much crime exists: crimes known to police, victim surveys, self-report studies, and other agency data. It also examines definitions of crime, challenges in interpreting data, and strengths and weaknesses of different data sources. Key findings include that victimization studies are thought to provide the most accurate estimates, with the British Crime Survey estimating that 77% of crime goes unrecorded.
Chapter12
The document discusses the history and current state of the juvenile justice system in the United States. It covers the following key periods: the Puritan period (1646-1824), the Refuge period (1824-1899), the Juvenile Court period (1899-1960), the Juvenile Rights period (1960-1980), and the Crime Control period (1980-2005). It also summarizes several important Supreme Court cases that shaped the juvenile justice system. Finally, it discusses factors that influence juvenile offending and different sanctions used for juveniles, including probation, diversion programs, and incarceration.
Corrections chapter 12 ppt
The document discusses the history and current state of the juvenile justice system in the United States. It covers the following key periods: the Puritan period (1646-1824), the Refuge period (1824-1899), the Juvenile Court period (1899-1960), the Juvenile Rights period (1960-1980), and the Crime Control period (1980-2005). It also summarizes several important Supreme Court cases that shaped the juvenile justice system. The document concludes by discussing factors that influence juvenile offending and different sanctions used for juveniles, such as probation, incarceration, and community corrections programs.
29 des 2015 pedophile sentenced
Pedophilia case in the world increased by year, the victim was the child. Pedophilia is a sexual interest to the prepubescent children, reflected in thoughts, fantasies, sexual arousal and behaviour. Pedophile can interact with community, because they can mingle with the community. Pedophilia caused by not supported maturity experience in childhood and traumatic sexual abuse caused by the adult. The traumatic can-not be cured in short term, and may caused psychological disorder for a long term. The sentenced for pedophile in each country usually come with jailed depend on the act of pedophile to the victims, chemical castration, and death sentenced. The prevention of pedophilia case can be solve with; maternalistic parenting integrated with live skill education in elementary school.
Alcohol and Teenage Pregnancy
This document discusses the links between alcohol use and risky sexual behavior among teenagers. It provides evidence that teenagers are more likely to engage in risky sex, such as unprotected sex, when under the influence of alcohol. Specifically, studies have shown that teenagers are less likely to use contraception when drinking and more likely to have sex they later regret. The document also notes that while drinking and risky sex often occur together, the relationship is complex, and risky behavior tends to cluster among some teenagers. It concludes by discussing the importance of addressing alcohol use and sex education together in schools to help teenagers develop skills to make healthy choices.
Sexual Expressions in Jamaica
Sexual Expressions in Jamaica evaluates particular reproductive health matters in Jamaica. All the chapters are cogently selected in keeping with the general purpose of a comprehensive proposition to forward an understanding of sexual expressions of Jamaicans aged 15-49 years old. Sex education in Jamaica has been, for years, seeking to address lowered aged of sexual debut to no avail, and the consequences of this reality is such that they open socioeconomic challenges for the populace. The sexual expressions of youth may result in cervical cancers, teenage pregnancies and STIs, and these tabs must be borne by the society. It is not the resultant cost of the health and reproductive health matters that is of concern in this book, but the sexual expressions of Jamaicans aged 15-49 years. Many of the sexual expressions that are enlisted in this book are placed herein because they contribute to the broad-spectrum in understanding Jamaicans’ sexual choices, by forwarding peoples’ perspectives these will allow policy makers a better understanding of those issues from the vantage point of the target population and thereby policies can be institute to address particular issues from a research focus
By Dr. Paul A. Bourne
Sexual Expressions in Jamaica
Sexual Expressions in Jamaica evaluates particular reproductive health matters in Jamaica. All the chapters are cogently selected in keeping with the general purpose of a comprehensive proposition to forward an understanding of sexual expressions of Jamaicans aged 15-49 years old. Sex education in Jamaica has been, for years, seeking to address lowered aged of sexual debut to no avail, and the consequences of this reality is such that they open socioeconomic challenges for the populace. The sexual expressions of youth may result in cervical cancers, teenage pregnancies and STIs, and these tabs must be borne by the society. It is not the resultant cost of the health and reproductive health matters that is of concern in this book, but the sexual expressions of Jamaicans aged 15-49 years. Many of the sexual expressions that are enlisted in this book are placed herein because they contribute to the broad-spectrum in understanding Jamaicans’ sexual choices, by forwarding peoples’ perspectives these will allow policy makers a better understanding of those issues from the vantage point of the target population and thereby policies can be institute to address particular issues from a research focus.
Author: Dr. Paul A. Bourne
If you could give teenagers one piece of advice, what would it be?
According to the World Health Organization, children aged 11-19 are considered adolescents. Up to 49% of Mongolia's population is between the ages of 11 and 25. That is why Mongolia is called the land of youth. Of these, 28% are children aged 11-19.
Similar to Delinquent Boys At Increased Risk Of Premature (20)
AdolescencePhysical & CognitiveDevelopmentSources.docx
AdolescencePhysical & CognitiveDevelopmentSources.docx
A Study Of Child Sex Offenders Characteristics And Motivations
A Study Of Child Sex Offenders Characteristics And Motivations
If you could give teenagers one piece of advice, what would it be?
If you could give teenagers one piece of advice, what would it be?
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Epigenetics presentation
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Ptsd
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Eatser Island
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How Does The Brain Process Songs
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Over Protective Parents
A Japanese scientist studied the brains of 50 people in their 20s and had them fill out a survey about their relationships with their parents. He found that people with neglectful or overbearing parents had less gray matter in the prefrontal cortex, which is associated with personality development. However, an Australian scientist critiqued the study for not accounting for other factors like socioeconomic status that could also influence brain development and cognitive tests. The effects found could be real but larger factors may be at play.
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Scorpion Venom Used As A Pain Killer
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Science Blog Presentation
Scientists have discovered that telomeres, pieces of DNA that protect chromosomes, shrink as cells divide, causing biological aging. Those with shorter telomeres due to genetic variants may age biologically faster than their chronological age. Studies found animals and humans with shorter telomeres showed signs of faster biological aging, and increased risk for early heart disease. While looks alone can't determine biological age, scientists are trying to develop tests using telomere length.
Malaria Presenation
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Disease Malaria Presentation
A new malaria vaccine called FMP2.1/AS02A is being tested on children in Mali. The vaccine contains a form of the AMA-1 protein from the most common and deadly malaria parasite, along with an adjuvant to boost the immune response. Previous studies found the vaccine to be safe and produce strong and long-lasting antibody responses in adults. A current study is testing the vaccine on 400 Malian children to examine if it can protect against multiple malaria parasite strains and potentially be combined with other vaccines to create highly protective immunization.
Genetherapypres by Coda, Afemi, and Mason
Gene therapy involves inserting genes into cells to improve their performance and is currently only legally used for medical purposes. Some athletes and coaches seek to use gene therapy to gain a competitive advantage by making athletes stronger and faster, despite the risks. While no approved uses of gene therapy in athletes exist yet, some coaches have attempted to use it. Regulatory bodies have banned gene therapy in sports due to health risks, but preventing unapproved use may prove difficult due to desires for enhancement.
Broad Spectrum A
A new broad spectrum antiviral drug called LJ001 targets the lipid membrane of viruses, which it can damage irreversibly. In contrast to current antivirals, LJ001 works against a wide range of viruses regardless of type or mutations. It has shown effectiveness in mice against Ebola and Rift Valley fever virus. LJ001 offers the potential for a single treatment against multiple existing and future viruses by attacking a fundamental property of viral cells.
Escherichia Coli 0157 H7
E. coli O157:H7 is a pathogenic strain of the bacteria Escherichia coli that was first recognized in 1982 during an outbreak linked to contaminated hamburgers. It produces Shiga toxin which can cause bloody diarrhea and potentially fatal complications like hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Common modes of transmission include ingesting contaminated food, water, or contact with ruminant animal feces. Prevention focuses on proper hygiene like handwashing and thoroughly cooking foods. Between 1982-2002 in the US, outbreaks remained common with over half being foodborne, highlighting the ongoing need for food safety regulations and precautions.
Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease
Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD), also known as mad cow disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by prions. Prions are abnormal, infectious protein particles that can be transmitted to humans through eating infected beef. Symptoms of CJD start with insomnia, depression and confusion and progress to dementia and involuntary movements. Eventually, all mental and physical functions are lost leading to coma and death. There is no cure and diagnosis can only be confirmed through autopsy. The disease originated in the UK where cattle were fed sheep brain and spinal cord.
Swine Flu
The document discusses the 2009 H1N1 swine flu virus outbreak. It originated in Mexico in the spring of 2009 when US tourists returning from Mexico showed symptoms of a strange form of flu. The virus is an influenza A H1N1 strain that contains genetic elements from viruses that affect humans as well as pigs. Symptoms are similar to seasonal flu and include fever, cough, sore throat and body aches. While most cases are mild, some can be severe or fatal. The virus spreads through airborne droplets or touching contaminated surfaces. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and antiviral drugs if needed. By the end of 2009, the outbreak was declining with around 4,000 deaths reported in the US.
Ebolavirus
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a coronavirus that leads to respiratory symptoms such as a high fever, cough and difficulty breathing. It spreads through close contact with infected individuals and surfaces. While there is no vaccine or cure, treatment focuses on supportive care and isolation of infected patients to prevent transmission. SARS outbreaks have been contained through public health measures like quarantine, hand hygiene and masks.
Cell Phones Treat Alzheimer's
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Cloning
Cloning involves creating genetically identical organisms through artificial means. There are two main types of cloning: artificial embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Artificial embryo twinning involves splitting an embryo into multiple parts that develop into genetically identical clones. Somatic cell nuclear transfer involves transferring the nucleus of an adult cell into an egg cell to produce a clone. In 1996, scientists in Scotland created Dolly the sheep using somatic cell nuclear transfer, proving mammals could be cloned from adult cells. Cloning may have medical benefits like organ transplants but also risks like developmental failures and depriving clones of individuality.
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Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
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7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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