Keeping Body Active
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Scientists in Leeds, England are researching ways to keep the human body active past age 50 through improved joint replacements and transplantable tissues. They have developed a new hip replacement that is expected to last 50 years, using a cobalt and ceramic system. Scientists are also working on transplantable tissues that can be implanted and grown by the body, and have already created a transplantable heart valve through this process. Initial animal and human trials of 40 patients for these tissues showed favorable results. However, developing each customized transplantable tissue product can take 30-50 years.
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Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD), also known as mad cow disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by prions. Prions are abnormal, infectious protein particles that can be transmitted to humans through eating infected beef. Symptoms of CJD start with insomnia, depression and confusion and progress to dementia and involuntary movements. Eventually, all mental and physical functions are lost leading to coma and death. There is no cure and diagnosis can only be confirmed through autopsy. The disease originated in the UK where cattle were fed sheep brain and spinal cord.
Swine Flu
The document discusses the 2009 H1N1 swine flu virus outbreak. It originated in Mexico in the spring of 2009 when US tourists returning from Mexico showed symptoms of a strange form of flu. The virus is an influenza A H1N1 strain that contains genetic elements from viruses that affect humans as well as pigs. Symptoms are similar to seasonal flu and include fever, cough, sore throat and body aches. While most cases are mild, some can be severe or fatal. The virus spreads through airborne droplets or touching contaminated surfaces. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and antiviral drugs if needed. By the end of 2009, the outbreak was declining with around 4,000 deaths reported in the US.
Ebolavirus
Ebolavirus is a filovirus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. It is transmitted through contact with bodily fluids and targets endothelial cells. Initial symptoms are nonspecific but progress to vomiting, diarrhea and external bleeding. The incubation period is 2-21 days and fatality rates vary between virus strains but average around 50-90%. Diagnosis is through ELISA tests detecting antibodies. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, supportive care improving hydration and nutrition can increase survival rates.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a coronavirus that leads to respiratory symptoms such as a high fever, cough and difficulty breathing. It spreads through close contact with infected individuals and surfaces. While there is no vaccine or cure, treatment focuses on supportive care and isolation of infected patients to prevent transmission. SARS outbreaks have been contained through public health measures like quarantine, hand hygiene and masks.
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Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
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7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
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Keeping Body Active
- 1. Scientists Research a Way to Keep the Human Body Active Past Age 50
- 2. Scientists in Leeds, England are spending 50 million pounds to figure out a way to keep human bodies from aging past 50. Human bodies eventually give out and stop working properly, especially in areas like the joints, such as the hips, elbows, and knees, and heart valves. Scientists at the Leeds University are attempting to create better joint replacements and heart valves, plus more to keep older people active and keep their bodies healthier.
- 3. They have come up with a hip replacement that would not wear out as fast the previous ones. These new hip replacements are expected to last 50 years (earlier hip replacements lasted 20 years). -These new joints use a cobalt system with a ceramic ball. - This system is also used with the knees
- 4. -The scientists are working on transplantable tissues that are put in the human body and then the body can start growing them on their own. The process to do this is a healthy organ is taken from an animal or a human. Then it is broken down by chemicals so it can be placed in a body - Using this technique a heart valve has already been created.
- 5. These new transplantable tissues are not expected to be rejected by the body -There has been a test on animals and 40 patients using the transplantable tissues, and the results were favorable - The transplantable tissues are also being looked into for skin donors for burn patients.
- 6. - The problem with the transplantable tissues is that it takes a long time to develop each product to fit each person - the process could take up to 30-50 years.
- 7. Bibliography http://z.about.com/d/arthritis/1/5/7/C/rheumatoidhipreplace.jpg for the transplant picture http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8314442.stm for being the source of our topic where we gathered information from