Broad Spectrum A
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A new broad spectrum antiviral drug called LJ001 targets the lipid membrane of viruses, which it can damage irreversibly. In contrast to current antivirals, LJ001 works against a wide range of viruses regardless of type or mutations. It has shown effectiveness in mice against Ebola and Rift Valley fever virus. LJ001 offers the potential for a single treatment against multiple existing and future viruses by attacking a fundamental property of viral cells.
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This document provides information about HIV infections and AIDS. It begins by describing HIV and AIDS, noting it was first recognized in 1981 and is caused by the HIV virus. It then discusses epidemiology, stating that as of 2000 there were an estimated 36 million people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide and 4 million in India. The document goes on to describe the normal immune system, how HIV works including its lifecycle, and the stages of HIV infection from primary infection through disease progression. It also covers transmission methods, high risk groups, viral structure, diagnosis, oral manifestations, and prevention.
Human Immunodeficiency virus , (AIDS)
THE BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT WHAT IS HIV AND HOW IT DESTRUCT THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. THEN LEADS TO AIDS. PRESENTATION ALSO EXPLAINS THE DIAGNOSIS OF HIV, ITS TREATMENT
WHY WE DONT HAVE VACCINE FOR HIV AND WHAT ARE THE PRESENT SCENARIO OF VACCINE DEVELOPMENT..
I HOPE IT WILL EXPLAIN WELL ABOUT HIV INFECTION AND AIDS, MAY PROVE USEFUL FOR YOU GUYS.....
Viral infection. immune response to infectious disease ppt
This document discusses viral infections and the immune response against viruses. It begins with an overview of the four main types of pathogens that cause infectious disease: viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. It then focuses specifically on viral infections, describing the innate immune response against viruses which involves type I interferons and NK cell activation. The adaptive immune response against viruses is also discussed, including humoral immunity through antibody production and cell-mediated immunity by CD8+ T cells and CD4+ Th1 cells. However, some viruses have developed strategies to evade these immune defenses. Specific viral diseases like influenza and Epstein-Barr virus are then examined in more detail.
Immune response to the infectious diseases
This document discusses viral infections and the immune response against viruses. It begins with an overview of the four main types of pathogens that cause infectious disease: viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. It then focuses specifically on viral infections, describing the innate immune response against viruses which involves type I interferons and NK cell activation. The adaptive immune response against viruses is also discussed, including humoral immunity through antibody production and cell-mediated immunity by CD8+ T cells and CD4+ Th1 cells. However, some viruses have developed strategies to evade these immune defenses. Specific viral diseases like influenza and Epstein-Barr virus are then examined in more detail.
EBOLA VIRUS
This document presents information on the Ebola virus. It discusses that Ebola was first discovered in 1976 in simultaneous outbreaks in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Fruit bats are considered the natural host. It describes the five species of Ebolavirus, including Zaire ebolavirus which causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. Transmission occurs through contact with body fluids of infected humans or animals. Current outbreaks are occurring in West Africa.
Microbiology hiv-yf
This document summarizes key information about HIV/AIDS, including its history, virology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It describes how HIV was first identified in 1981 as the cause of AIDS, belongs to the retrovirus family, and has two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. Over 30 million people have died of AIDS since 1981, and approximately 2.5 million people are newly infected with HIV each year.
Introduction to virology
Viruses are the smallest infectious agents and can infect all forms of life. They are obligate intracellular parasites that contain either RNA or DNA. Many important human viruses are described including influenza, measles, hepatitis B, and HIV. Viruses have a protein coat that protects their genetic material and use host cells to replicate. Host responses to viral infection include innate immune defenses and adaptive immune responses like antibodies and T cells. Acute viral infections are generally mild and short-lived while some viruses can establish persistent infections by becoming latent or causing chronic or latent infections.
Jordan Schneider Benchmark 2
1. HIV has two stages - an acute stage lasting around 4 weeks with flu-like symptoms, and a chronic stage that can last 20 years where the virus resides in lymph nodes.
2. HIV is transmitted through blood or sexual contact, or from mother to child. There is no cure but treatment with antiretroviral therapy can allow those infected to live long lives.
3. HIV's fast replication causes many strains to develop, making vaccination difficult. It is prevalent in Africa where lack of healthcare means it passes from mothers to children through breastfeeding.
Ebolav2
This document summarizes the current Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa, treatments under development, and prevention strategies. It reports that as of September 2014 over 5,000 cases of Ebola virus disease have been identified, with a 50% fatality rate. Promising vaccine candidates include recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-based vaccines and adenovirus-based vaccines, which have shown complete protection in non-human primates. Antibody cocktails like ZMAPP have also demonstrated post-exposure effectiveness in preventing Ebola in primates. While there is currently no licensed vaccine, numerous candidates are in development and undergoing clinical trials.
Anti viral agents ppt
Anti viral drugs are a class of medication used specifically for treating viral infections.Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, smallest of all self replicating organisms, able to pass through filter that retain the smallest bacteria.Virus conduct no metabolic process on their own.They invade the host cell which may be bacteria, animal or plant cell.
Picornavirus
Picornaviruses are a large family of small viruses that include important human pathogens like enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. They cause a wide range of diseases from mild illnesses to paralysis. Poliovirus can cause paralytic poliomyelitis. Coxsackieviruses can cause herpangina, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, myocarditis, and meningitis. Vaccines have largely eradicated polio in most countries.
leva and Samuel.pptx
Viruses are intracellular parasites that cannot survive or reproduce without a living host cell. They consist of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. Vaccines work by introducing a weakened form of a virus or bacteria to stimulate an immune response and memory cells that will recognize and fight off the actual pathogen if exposed in the future. The first vaccine was developed by Edward Jenner in 1796 for smallpox using cowpox. Since then, vaccines have been created for many deadly diseases like polio, measles, and influenza through the use of live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, conjugate or recombinant vaccines. They have greatly reduced mortality and helped eradicate some diseases globally.
Ebola Virus ,HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER
Ebola virus causes a severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. It is transmitted through contact with infected body fluids. The virus targets and damages endothelial cells and blood vessels, causing bleeding. Symptoms include fever, vomiting, diarrhea and external bleeding. There is no cure, but supportive care can increase survival rates. Prevention focuses on avoiding contact with hosts like bats and rodents. Experimental vaccines are being studied.
PICORNA VIRUS POLIO dr. someshwaran may 2015
PICORNA VIRUS - ENTERO VIRUS - POLIOMYELITIS - SECOND MBBS STUDENTS - UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS - MEDICAL COLLEGE - POWERPOINT
Viruses1 2
This document provides an overview of viruses and virus infections. It discusses virus structure, replication, transmission, disease processes, treatment and prevention. Key points include:
- Viruses consist of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat and can only replicate inside host cells. They have simple or complex structures.
- Virus replication involves attachment, entry, uncoating, gene expression, assembly and release of new virus particles. This can cause cell destruction and changes to host gene expression.
- Examples of acute virus infections discussed are poliovirus and influenza A virus. Poliovirus causes gastrointestinal or neurological illness while influenza A is a major respiratory infection.
- Treatment and prevention of virus infections involves antiviral drugs
Antiviral agents and sensitivity tests
Antiviral drugs face several challenges due to viruses replicating inside host cells. Acyclovir is a nucleoside analog effective against herpes viruses that requires activation by viral kinases. Foscarnet directly inhibits viral DNA polymerase. Amantadine and rimantadine target influenza A M2 protein while oseltamivir and zanamivir inhibit neuraminidase. Lamivudine and entecavir are used to treat hepatitis B as nucleoside analogs. Interferons and ribavirin are used against hepatitis C. Phenotypic and genotypic tests determine antiviral susceptibility.
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Viral infection. immune response to infectious disease ppt
Viral infection. immune response to infectious disease ppt
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Seeing a sick_person_might_make_your_immune_sy[1]
A study conducted at the University of British Columbia found that viewing images of sick or diseased people can strengthen a person's immune system. Volunteers were shown either mundane images, images of war, or images of people with diseases and illnesses. Blood samples taken after each montage revealed that those who saw the disease images had a stronger immune response when exposed to bacteria compared to the other groups. The researchers believe that seeing potential pathogens puts the immune system on higher alert to fight off infections.
Epigenetics presentation
The document discusses epigenetics, which is the study of changes in gene expression that are not caused by changes in DNA sequence. An epigenome consists of molecular "switches" that turn genes on and off in response to environmental factors like diet, stress, and lifestyle choices. Experiments have found links between early life experiences like famine or smoking and health outcomes in later generations through epigenetic mechanisms. Scientists are researching epigenetics to develop new drugs that can manipulate epigenomes to treat diseases.
Eatser Island
Rapamycin, a drug isolated from Easter Island that helps the immune system, reduced lesions in the brains of mice that are also found in Alzheimer's patients. A clinical trial of rapamycin is underway to see if it can help treat Alzheimer's, based on studies showing it extended the lives of mice that already exhibited Alzheimer's symptoms at six months old.
How Does The Brain Process Songs
Scientists led by Daniela Sammler conducted an experiment using MRI scans to observe how the brain processes music and lyrics in songs. The scans showed that the superior temporal sulcus first processes the music and lyrics together, but then separates them. The front part of the STS only processed the lyrics, while the middle part processed music and lyrics as a single signal. Some researchers are uncertain if the brain truly processes music and lyrics simultaneously or separately integrates them.
Over Protective Parents
A Japanese scientist studied the brains of 50 people in their 20s and had them fill out a survey about their relationships with their parents. He found that people with neglectful or overbearing parents had less gray matter in the prefrontal cortex, which is associated with personality development. However, an Australian scientist critiqued the study for not accounting for other factors like socioeconomic status that could also influence brain development and cognitive tests. The effects found could be real but larger factors may be at play.
How Much Do You Know About Brine Shrimp?
Brine shrimp, also known as sea monkeys, are crustaceans that can stay dormant in cysts for years. They undergo a process called cryptobiosis, where they can survive in dormant cysts. When placed in salt water, the cysts hatch within hours. Brine shrimp are often used as a nutritious food source for fish.
Outbreaks Of Influenza Linked To Changes Of Ab
The document summarizes that seasonal outbreaks of influenza are linked to changes in absolute humidity. Absolute humidity is higher in the summer and lower in the winter, with winter typically having 4 times less water in the air than summer. Lower humidity in the winter helps the influenza virus survive better in the air, leading to increased transmission and outbreaks during that season. This finding could help public health officials plan strategies to contain influenza outbreaks.
Scorpion Venom Used As A Pain Killer
Professor Michael Gurevitz has discovered that scorpion venom could be an alternative to morphine as a pain killer. Scorpion venom contains natural compounds that evolved to reduce pain without the severe side effects of morphine, which is highly addictive. Gurevitz is studying peptides in the venom of Israeli Yellow Scorpions, which interact with sodium channels in the body that transmit pain signals to the brain. The scorpion venom drug may help treat severe burns, cuts, and injuries without addiction risks, working quickly and effectively.
Science Blog Presentation
Scientists have discovered that telomeres, pieces of DNA that protect chromosomes, shrink as cells divide, causing biological aging. Those with shorter telomeres due to genetic variants may age biologically faster than their chronological age. Studies found animals and humans with shorter telomeres showed signs of faster biological aging, and increased risk for early heart disease. While looks alone can't determine biological age, scientists are trying to develop tests using telomere length.
Lacking Telomeres May Make You Age Faster
Scientists have discovered that telomeres, pieces of DNA that protect chromosomes, shrink as cells divide, causing biological aging. Those with shorter telomeres due to genetic variants may age biologically faster than their chronological age. Studies found animals and humans with shorter telomeres showed signs of faster biological aging, and increased risk for early heart disease. While looks alone can't determine biological age, scientists are trying to develop tests using telomere length.
Disease Malaria Presentation
A new malaria vaccine called FMP2.1/AS02A is being tested on children in Mali. The vaccine contains a form of the AMA-1 protein from the most common and deadly malaria parasite, along with an adjuvant to boost the immune response. Previous studies found the vaccine to be safe and produce strong and long-lasting antibody responses in adults. A current study is testing the vaccine on 400 Malian children to examine if it can protect against multiple malaria parasite strains and potentially be combined with other vaccines to create highly protective immunization.
Genetherapypres by Coda, Afemi, and Mason
Gene therapy involves inserting genes into cells to improve their performance and is currently only legally used for medical purposes. Some athletes and coaches seek to use gene therapy to gain a competitive advantage by making athletes stronger and faster, despite the risks. While no approved uses of gene therapy in athletes exist yet, some coaches have attempted to use it. Regulatory bodies have banned gene therapy in sports due to health risks, but preventing unapproved use may prove difficult due to desires for enhancement.
Escherichia Coli 0157 H7
E. coli O157:H7 is a pathogenic strain of the bacteria Escherichia coli that was first recognized in 1982 during an outbreak linked to contaminated hamburgers. It produces Shiga toxin which can cause bloody diarrhea and potentially fatal complications like hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Common modes of transmission include ingesting contaminated food, water, or contact with ruminant animal feces. Prevention focuses on proper hygiene like handwashing and thoroughly cooking foods. Between 1982-2002 in the US, outbreaks remained common with over half being foodborne, highlighting the ongoing need for food safety regulations and precautions.
Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease
Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD), also known as mad cow disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by prions. Prions are abnormal, infectious protein particles that can be transmitted to humans through eating infected beef. Symptoms of CJD start with insomnia, depression and confusion and progress to dementia and involuntary movements. Eventually, all mental and physical functions are lost leading to coma and death. There is no cure and diagnosis can only be confirmed through autopsy. The disease originated in the UK where cattle were fed sheep brain and spinal cord.
Swine Flu
The document discusses the 2009 H1N1 swine flu virus outbreak. It originated in Mexico in the spring of 2009 when US tourists returning from Mexico showed symptoms of a strange form of flu. The virus is an influenza A H1N1 strain that contains genetic elements from viruses that affect humans as well as pigs. Symptoms are similar to seasonal flu and include fever, cough, sore throat and body aches. While most cases are mild, some can be severe or fatal. The virus spreads through airborne droplets or touching contaminated surfaces. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and antiviral drugs if needed. By the end of 2009, the outbreak was declining with around 4,000 deaths reported in the US.
Ebolavirus
Ebolavirus is a filovirus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. It is transmitted through contact with bodily fluids and targets endothelial cells. Initial symptoms are nonspecific but progress to vomiting, diarrhea and external bleeding. The incubation period is 2-21 days and fatality rates vary between virus strains but average around 50-90%. Diagnosis is through ELISA tests detecting antibodies. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, supportive care improving hydration and nutrition can increase survival rates.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a coronavirus that leads to respiratory symptoms such as a high fever, cough and difficulty breathing. It spreads through close contact with infected individuals and surfaces. While there is no vaccine or cure, treatment focuses on supportive care and isolation of infected patients to prevent transmission. SARS outbreaks have been contained through public health measures like quarantine, hand hygiene and masks.
Cell Phones Treat Alzheimer's
Scientists discovered that electromagnetic emissions from cell phones may slow or reverse Alzheimer's disease based on a study of lab mice. The study found that mice with altered beta amyloid proteins resembling Alzheimer's saw their mental problems reversed or slowed when exposed to cell phone emissions, while healthy mice did not develop any problems. If further testing confirms these results in humans, cell phones may become a cure for Alzheimer's disease, potentially saving millions of lives.
Cloning
Cloning involves creating genetically identical organisms through artificial means. There are two main types of cloning: artificial embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Artificial embryo twinning involves splitting an embryo into multiple parts that develop into genetically identical clones. Somatic cell nuclear transfer involves transferring the nucleus of an adult cell into an egg cell to produce a clone. In 1996, scientists in Scotland created Dolly the sheep using somatic cell nuclear transfer, proving mammals could be cloned from adult cells. Cloning may have medical benefits like organ transplants but also risks like developmental failures and depriving clones of individuality.
Cloning
Cloning involves creating genetically identical organisms through artificial means. There are two main types of cloning: artificial embryo twinning, which splits an embryo into two, and somatic cell nuclear transfer, where the nucleus of an adult cell is transferred into an egg cell. In 1996, Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell using somatic cell nuclear transfer. Cloning may have medical benefits like organ transplants but also risks like developmental failures and depriving clones of individuality.
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This compilation is ideal for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of innovation management and drive meaningful change within their organization. Whether you aim to improve product development processes, enhance customer experiences, or drive digital transformation, these frameworks offer valuable insights and tools to help you achieve your goals.
INCLUDED FRAMEWORKS/MODELS:
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2. IDEO’s Human-Centered Design
3. Strategyzer’s Business Model Innovation
4. Lean Startup Methodology
5. Agile Innovation Framework
6. Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovation
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一比一原版新西兰奥塔哥大学毕业证（otago毕业证）如何办理
一模一样【微信：A575476】【新西兰奥塔哥大学毕业证（otago毕业证）成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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