Deha biodizel presentation
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Used cooking oil should never be poured down drains or in trash as it can severely pollute water sources. One liter of waste oil pollutes over 1 million liters of water. When oil is poured in drains, it can clog pipes and cost municipalities for repairs. It also affects the environment when washed into soil and groundwater. Turkey produces around 250,000 tons of waste oil annually but only collects 25,000 tons, far below the EU standard of collecting 1.2 kg of oil per person annually. Proper disposal of used oil through collection points protects water sources and the environment while also benefiting the economy through conversion to biodiesel fuel.
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[17] This has made solvents common in chemical syntheses, however, many compounds used as solvents were found to be environmentally unfriendly. The problem associated with waste disposal of solvents has been overcome by performing reactions without a solvent under microwave irradiation (MWI). [18] Coupling of MWI with the use of mineral-supported catalyzed reactions, under solvent-free conditions, provides clean chemical processes with the advantage of enhanced reaction rates, higher yields, greater selectivity, and greater ease of
manipulation. These expeditious and solvent-free approaches involve the exposure of neat reactants to MWI in conjunction with the use of supported reagents or catalysts. [19]
Dry media reactions in organic synthesis by microwave -Avoiding organic solvents during the reactions in organic synthesis leads to a clean, efficient, and economical technology (green chemistry). There is an increasing interest in the use of environmentally benign reagents and procedures. Or, in other words, the absence of solvents coupled with the high yields and short reaction times often associated with reactions of this type make these procedures very attractive for synthesis. In the present discussion, we describe the advantages of dry reaction techniques coupled with microwave activation and their applications to organic synthesis using solid supports. The practical dimension to the microwave heating protocols has been added by accomplishing reactions on solid supports under solvent-free conditions. [20] These solvent-free microwave-assisted reactions [21] provide an opportunity to work with open vessels, thus avoiding the risk of high-pressure development and increasing the potential of such reactions to upscale. The practical feasibility of microwave-assisted solvent-free synthesis has been demonstrated in various useful transformations [22, 23] and in synthesis of heterocyclic systems. [24, 25]
Inorganic synthesis: Synthesis of organometallic and coordination compounds, Synthesis of intercalation compounds, Synthesis of ceramic products etc c
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An Overview Of Renewable Fuels Dubrovnik,Croatia June 17, 2011
The document provides an overview of renewable fuels including ethanol from cellulose and biodiesel from conventional and algae feedstocks. It discusses various feedstocks for ethanol production such as sugars, starches, and cellulose and different processes for converting cellulose to ethanol including acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, and thermochemical processes. It also describes conventional biodiesel production using vegetable oils or fats and the potential for producing biodiesel from algae, which is highlighted as one of the fastest growing biomasses that can be used without affecting food supply.
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The document summarizes information about palm oil mill effluent (POME) and its potential as a renewable energy resource. It discusses that POME is a waste product generated during palm oil production that contains small amounts of oil. Extracting this POME oil could help reduce environmental hazards from POME ponds while providing a feedstock for biodiesel production. However, utilizing POME oil faces operational and logistical challenges due to its physical properties and need to be transported from dispersed palm oil mills. The document outlines Indonesia's potential to develop sustainable solutions and supply chains to overcome these challenges in utilizing POME oil.
Biofuels
This document provides an overview of biofuels, including their classifications, sources, and production processes. It discusses various food crops that can be used for biofuel production, such as sugarcane, maize, rice, and mustard. It also covers non-food biofuel crops like jatropha. The document outlines the transesterification process used to produce biodiesel from oils. It discusses the benefits of biofuels but also notes concerns about their impact on food security and competition for land and water resources.
Ch 16 - Environmental issues || Class 12 ||
The document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, soil, and radiation pollution. It provides details on air pollution sources such as vehicles, industries, and cigarettes. Air pollutants like sulfur and nitrogen oxides can cause respiratory issues in humans. The document also discusses water pollution from sewage, industrial waste, and chemicals which can increase diseases and harm biodiversity. Preventive measures mentioned include treating waste water before disposal and using it for irrigation.
Ahmad ali ppt: Biofuels 1
This document discusses different types of biofuels including their production, uses, and benefits. It describes first, second, and third generation biofuels made from sources like sugar, starch, non-edible plant materials, and algae. Specific biofuels covered include biodiesel, biogas, bioalcohols, and syngas. Biodiesel production through trans-esterification is explained. Feedstocks and outputs for biodiesel are listed. Benefits of biodiesel include being cleaner burning and having less sulfur than diesel fuel.
Bottled water
This document discusses the health, environmental, and financial impacts of bottled water compared to tap water. It notes that bottled water is often not any healthier than tap water, as 40% begins as tap water with added minerals that provide no benefits and may be dangerous at higher doses. Producing and transporting bottled water uses vast amounts of fossil fuels and plastic, creating pollution and garbage, while tap water is distributed more efficiently through infrastructure. Bottled water also costs up to 10,000 times more than tap water. The document advocates filtering tap water as a cheaper, healthier, and more environmentally friendly alternative to bottled water.
algae as biofuel
Algae have potential as a biofuel feedstock due to their ability to grow rapidly and produce high lipid content. However, challenges remain in developing a cost-effective cultivation and harvesting system, as well as efficiently extracting the oil. Different cultivation methods like open ponds or photobioreactors provide varying levels of environmental control. Once harvested, algae can be processed to extract oil through mechanical or chemical means, though high production costs currently limit commercial viability. Further technological advances may help overcome these challenges and make algae a competitive renewable fuel source.
Aquaticbiofuels
Recent talks on biofuels have outlined their un-sustainability in the production phase; commodities such as corn, rapeseed, palm oil and soya are being grown and harvested in a way that could have negative economic, social and environmental effects, and have a global impact on land use, food security, water resources, deforestation and global markets.
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Deha biodizel presentation
- 1. NEVER POUR AWAY USED COOKING OIL! ONE LITRE OF WASTE COOKING OIL POLLUTES A MILLION LITRES OF WATER.
- 2. Frying under normal conditions and consuming fried food in reasonable quantities is not harmful at all. The process of frying can destroy microbes (germs) in or on the food. Vegetable oil is often rich in vitamin E. And finally fried food is not only popular for its taste, but also contains large quantity of calories.
- 3. USED VEGETABLE OIL • After frying food in vegetable oil for the second time, the oil should not be used again. • Used oil contains higher concentration of free radicals, which may be linked to causing cancers. • Waste oil reacts with oxygen in the air, causing the formation of harmful substances (e.g. peroxides), which may damage the digestive system.
- 4. Restaurants Fast food cafes Dining halls and canteens Factories producing ready meals Hospitals Hotels Houses Waste Oil
- 5. Used vegetable oil and animal fat should never be poured into the sink or toilet or thrown in the bin. Waste oil may cause fire at landfill sites or rubbish dumps. Oil in the waste water system blocks sewage pipes and therefore increases the repair costs for the municipality. THE EFFECTS OF USED OIL ON THE ENVIRONMENT
- 6. Oil poured down the drain clogs the sewage system
- 7. HOW USED OIL EFFECTS THE ENVIROMENT Waste oil thrown in the bin can seep into the soil and be washed into groundwater, which is an important source of drinking water. 25% of water pollution is caused by waste oil.
- 8. IMPACT OF OIL WASTE ON THE ENVIROMENT Oil covers the surface of lakes and waterways and stops the exchange of oxygen between the air and water. The oil also reacts with oxygen, further decreasing its availability to living organisms in the water.
- 9. Pollution of sea water leads to increasing numbers of jelly fish.
- 11. DATA FOR TURKEY • 250,000 tons of waste oil is produced each year, all of which should be collected and recycled. At the moment, the capacity to collect is about 25,000 tons per year. • However, only 200 grams per person is actually collected each year. DATA FOR THE EU • In the European Union, 2.4 kg/person should be collected each year, 1.2 kg can be collected.
- 12. USED OIL IN EUROPE Potential Collected Population Per Person Per Person Used Oil Used Oil (millions) Potential Collected (tons) (tons) Used Oil Used Oil kg/person kg/person Germany 185,000 148,000 82.3 2.25 1.8 United Kingdom 225,000 100,000 60.9 3.69 1.64 Spain 113,750 54,600 45.5 2.5 1.2 Italy 70,000 40,000 58.9 1.19 0.68 France 95,000 32,000 61.5 1.54 0.52 Belgium 40,000 23,126 10.4 3.85 2.22 Netherlands 45,920 24,600 16.4 2.8 1.5 Czech Republic 28,560 12,240 10.2 2.8 1.2 Austria 42,900 9,000 8.2 5.23 1.1 Switzerland 12,500 9,000 7.5 1.67 1.2 Slovakia 15,120 6,480 5.4 2.8 1.2 Croatia 13,552 2,500 4.8 2.8 0.52
- 13. • We must all minimise the harmful effects of waste oil. In many countries, as well as in Turkey, it is illegal to pour used oil into the sewage system, into running or stagnant water or into landfill. • As the EU started taking action much earlier, there is less oil contamination in waste water in the EU than in Turkey. • As this problem threatens our future and our daily lives, we need to take action now and avoid further pollution. • Wherever we eat, we should ask about the use of cooking oil, how many times it’s reused and how it’s disposed of. WHAT WE SHOULD DO
- 14. We have to run campaigns to inform other people in our community about waste oil and collection.We have to organize more collection points for recycling oil. WHAT WE SHOULD DO
- 15. • to protect water sources, • to protect other living organisms, • to protect water supply and sewage systems, • and to contribute to the national economy. WHY WE SHOULD NOT POUR USED OIL AWAY
- 17. on your estate
- 18. at school
- 19. The collected vegetable oil will be converted into biodiesel, a liquid fuel for diesel engines. WHAT HAPPENS TO THE WASTE OIL?
- 20. 28 biodiesel collecting stations all over Turkey (since 2014)
Editor's Notes
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