Groups are defined as two or more individuals who interact, share characteristics, and have a sense of unity. Groups can be formal, with defined structures and tasks, or informal, emerging from shared member interests. Key types of groups include peer groups of similar-aged individuals, cliques with common interests, clubs requiring membership, communities sharing multiple commonalities, gangs gathering in an area, and teams working toward a common goal. The optimal size of a group depends on its purpose, and structure ensures important skill sets are represented while preventing poor performance or conflicts from individuals. Group norms and a clear common purpose enforced by leaders allow for effective functioning, while too many members or a lack of shared goals can cause malfunctions.

1. Group Dynamics
Reshav Mahajan Organisation Behaviour
(Presentation)
Topic – Definition Of Group …

2. “Never doubt that a small group of
thoughtful citizens can change the world.
Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.”
Margaret Mead

3. Definition Of A Group !!
 A Group has been defined as two or more humans who interact
with one another, share similar characteristics and collectively have
a sense of unity .
Other theorists, however, are a wary of definitions …
 According to Charles Horton Cooley (1864–1929)
 A group can be defined as …
 Primary Group
 Secondary Group

4. Types of Groups
Formal - structured to perform
specific tasks.
Informal - emerge naturally in
response to member interests.

5.  Peer group
 A peer group is a group with members of approximately the same age,
social status, and interests. Generally, people are relatively equal in terms
of power when they interact with peers.
 Clique
 A group of people that have many of the same interests & commonly
found in a High School/College setting; most of the time they have a name
& rules for themselves.
 Club
 A club is a group, which usually requires one to apply to become a
member. Such clubs may be dedicated to particular activities: sporting
clubs, for example.
 Community
 A community is a group of people with a commonality or sometimes a
complex net of overlapping commonalities, often–but not always–in
proximity with one another with some degree of continuity over time.
Some examples of types of groups …

6. Gang
A gang is usually an urban group that gathers in a particular area. It
is a group of people that often hang around each other. They can be like
some clubs, but much less formal. They are usually known in many
countries to cause social unrest and also have negative influence on the
members and may be a target for the law enforcers in case of any social
vices
Team
similar to a squad, though a team may contain many more members. A
team works in a similar way to a squad.
Continued …

7. Group Size
A group can be formed by two people …
More then Two people …
A society together can form a group …
Group Size can never be determined … It is a
endless Process …

8. Group Structure (Formal)
 ensure that all skill sets are included .
 examine the impact of a poor performer on group
achievement .
 ensure a combination of leaders and followers .
 examine the potential for personality conflicts .
 impacts of member diversity.
Issues considered include:

9. Group Norms
1. social standards and acceptable behaviours;
2. collectively held expectations of group
functioning;
3. provide regularity and predictability to group
functioning.

10. Effective Teams
1. high skills, high motivation;
2. have a clear picture of group goals;
3. high performance;
4. success attracts others;
5. opportunity for individual recognition;
6. recognition of professionalism.
Are a result of:

11. The two most common causes of a malfunctioning
group are
1. The addition of too many individuals, and
2. The failure of the leader to enforce a common
purpose,
3. Though malfunctions may occur due to a failure of
any of the other elements (i.e., confusions status or
of norms).
Dispersion Of a Group