Agriculture is the science of growing crops and raising animals to meet human needs for food, fiber, fuel and other needs. It has evolved significantly over time through technological advances. In the past, agriculture relied on manual labor and animal power, but now uses highly mechanized equipment, hybrid seeds, irrigation, fertilizers and pesticides. This modern agriculture has increased yields and reduced labor needs, helping to meet the growing global demand for food. However, it also poses environmental risks such as water pollution, soil erosion, and loss of biodiversity.

1. Define Agriculture?
• Agriculture is the science of growing crops and raising animals
to meet the food, fiber, fuel, and other needs of humans. It
includes many areas, such as soil conservation, pest
management, and mechanics.

2. Introduction
• All humans depend on agriculture for food
• Urban industrial societies depends on the base of food surplus
generated by farmer and herders
• Without agriculture there could be no cities, universities, factories or
offices
• Employs 45% of the working population
• In some parts of Asia and Africa, over 80% of labor force is engaged in
agriculture.

3. Earlier agricultural
system

4. Work force
• More than 25% of people work in agriculture or some related field
• Many changes have occurred throughout the years
• People living on farms
• 18oo’s = 70%
• Amount of time to produce an acre of wheat
• 1800’s =55 hours

5. History of the engine
• John Froelich
• First gasoline tractor (1892)
• Rudolph diesel
• Produced the first diesel engine (1898)

6. Agriculture in Pakistan
• About 25% of Pakistan’s total land area is under cultivation
• It is watered by on of the largest irrigation system in the world
• Pakistan irrigates three times more acres than Russia
• Agriculture accounts for about 21% of GDP he
• Employs about 41% of labor force.
• In Pakistan account of agriculture these are includes
• Crops (wheat, sugar cane, cotton, rice) is about 75 %
• Fishery
• livestock

7. Old methods of cultivation and harvesting
• Pakistan has low yield per acre that means the average crop in
Pakistan is just 1/4th of that of advance states
• Where as Nepal , India, and Bangladesh are using modern scientific
methods to increase their yield per acre or to improve their yield.

8. Technology which is used in past

9. Advanced then earlier

10. Innovation in
agriculture system

11. What is modern agriculture?
• Modern agriculture is a term used to describe the wide type of
production practices employed by American farmers.
• It makes use of hybrid seeds of selected variety of a single crop.
• Technologically advanced equipment and lots of energy subsidies in
the form of irrigation water, fertilizers and pesticides
• More than 90% of farmers today work using the most innovative
practices and growing techniques to produce enough food, fuel and
fiber for a growing world, while minimizing their environmental
footprint at the same time.

12. • More than 90% of farmers today work using the most innovative
practices and growing techniques to produce enough food, fuel and
fiber for a growing world, while minimizing their environmental
footprint at the same time.
• People living on farms
• Now = 2%
• Amount of time to produce an acre of wheat
• Now = 1 hour

13. Why Technology? Why Change?
Why Change in Agriculture?

14. Technology which is uses now

15. Modern technology

16. Some pictures represent comparison of then
and now technology

18. Advantages
 During the latter half of the
twentieth century, what is known
today As modern agriculture was
very successful in meeting a
growing demand for food by the
world’s population.
 Yields of primary crops such as rice
and wheat increased dramatically,
the price of food declined, the rate
of increase in crop yields generally
kept pace with population growth
and the number of malnourished
people was reduced slightly
 we now import many of our fruits
and vegetables from foreign
borders.
 New technology like pesticides and
mechanical farm equipment's
make it possible to grow large
amounts of food with relatively few
human hands

19. Disadvantages
 Use of fertilizers can alter the
biology of rivers and lakes.
 Some environmentalists
attribute the hypoxic one in the
gulf of Mexico as being
encouraged by nitrogen
fertilization of the algae bloom
 Removal of buffers to make large
fields for maximum efficiency
leading to lower food costs and
greater food availability to the
poor.
 It limits the natural habitat of
some wild creatures and can
lead to soil erosion.