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Decomposer and Lichen Powerpoint
- 3. Crustose
- 4. Fruticose
- 5. Foliose
- 7. Usnea (Old Man’s Beard) Fruticose Sensitive
- 10. Letharia vulpina Letharia columbiana Letharia (wolf lichen) Fruticose Intermediate Sensitive
- 11. Hypogymnia Fruticose White on top Dark on underside Sensitive
- 21. The World of Decomposers! • What’s their niche? • FBIS – Fungus – Bacteria – Insects/ Invertebrates – Scavengers
- 22. Nitrogen Cycle
- 23. The Life of a Mushroom
- 24. Anatomy of a Mushroom Not a plant but hyphae have cell walls! Mycelium (underground network of hyphae)
- 27. Fungal Network that Connects Tree Roots
Editor's Notes
- This is a sampling of lichens I found regularly around Mt. Ashland, the Cascade-Siskiyou Monument and in the town of Ashland. By no means is it a comprehensive list. The genera presented are examples of what you might find when you start looking for lichens.
- Lichen morphology Lichens are divided into three growth forms: crustose (crusty), fruticose (shrubby) and foliose (leafy). Crustose lichens form crusts on surfaces such as tree bark, rocks, and sidewalks. Fruticose lichens are branched and shrub-like, often resembling miniature tree branches (Letharia) or long beards (Usnea and Bryoria). Fruticose lichens can be found on tree branches and trunks and hold onto the tree a central sucker-like holdfast. Foliose lichens are leaf like and attach to tree branches and trunks by their lower surface (Platismatia).
- Apothecia: Small cup like structure ascomycete fungi use to disperse spores
- Usnea (Old man’s beard): Fruticose, pale green. Draped on tree limbs. Strands are stretchy. Used for antibacterial qualities in salves. Sensitive to air pollution.
- Bryoria: fruticose, brown to blackish. Forms long beards on conifers. Sensitive to air pollution.
- Evernia: fruticose, pale green. Common in hardwood forests. Used in perfumes and cosmetics. Tolerant of air pollution.
- Letharia vulpina (wolf lichen): Fruticose, bright green. Grows on tree bark and limbs. No apothecia. Bright green is warning coloration-toxic! Used by European settlers to kill wild canines. Intermediate sensitivity to air pollution. Letharia columbiana: fruticose, bright green. Similar to Letharia vulpina but has apothecia.
- Hypogymnia: fruticose. Top side pale green to white, underside black. Hollow. Lives on tree limbs and trunks. Species are sensitive to tolerant of air pollution.
- Cladonia: fruticose, pale green. Forms vertical structures shaped like wine glasses. Generally sensitive to air pollution, some species can tolerate metals.
- Platismatia: foliose, upper surface white to greenish gray, lower surface dark. Tolerant to air pollution.
- Peltigera: Foliose, rounded lobes. Found on the forest floor and mossy rocks. Small root-like structures on underside of lobe (look like little hairs).
- Lobaria: foliose, bright green when wet. Upper surface has ridges. Found in coastal forests. Sensitive to air pollution.