The document discusses energy metering and billing charges. It defines three components of energy - apparent, active, and reactive. Apparent energy is measured in volt-ampere hours, active energy in watt-hours, and reactive energy in volt-ampere reactive hours. Power factor and maximum demand are also defined. The billing charges include active energy, maximum demand, reactive energy penalty or reward, and service fees. Declining block tariffs result in lower rates for higher consumption. Reactive energy penalties are calculated using a k-factor formula based on power factor.

1. METERING UPDATE
Reactive Energy Charge

2. Energy Measurement
Def. of 3 Components of Energy P.F & Maximum Demand
• Energy can be represented in three components,
namely;
– Apparent energy, S: Product of apparent power
and time. Measured in VoltAmperehour (VAh).
– Active energy, P: Product of active power and
time. Measured in Watthour (Wh).
– Reactive energy, Q: Product of reactive power
and time. Measurement in voltsampere reactive
hour (varh).
• Power factor – Defined as ratio of active
power to apparent power.
• Unit of power factor – No units, just a
number. Varies from Zero to unity.
• Maximum demand
Maximum Demand is the highest demand
recorded for the specified parameter, kW,
kvar or kVA, during the billing period.MD is
used in sizing customer requirements

3. Energy Measurement
The three energy components Relationship between The 3 Energy Component
• Energy can be represented in three components,
namely;
– Apparent energy, S: Product of apparent power
and time. Measured in VoltAmperehour (VAh).
– Active energy, P: Product of active power and
time. Measured in Watthour (Wh).
– Reactive energy, Q: Product of reactive power and
time. Measurement in voltsampere reactive hour
(varh).

4. Parameters Billing charges for Code 30 and 40
1. Active energy (declining block - 3%
and 27% cheaper for Code 30 and 40
respectively)
2. Maximum Demand (declining block)
3. Reactive energy (reward or k-factor
penalty)
4. Service/Customer fees (per customer
per month)
5. Volatile macro-economic factors
Impact of Declining Tariff Structure on LR
Code 30 Code 40
Energy off-peak 245.0 231.3
Energy shoulder 363.7 302.2
Energy peak 483.5 396.1
Energy off-peak 238.2 168.9
Energy shoulder 353.6 220.7
Energy peak 470.1 289.2
Reactive energy
Cumulative energy
Reactive reward 20 20
Reactive charge k-factor k-factor
Block 1 Demand (kW) 11,096.0 11,096.0
Block 2 Demand (kW) 5,548.0 5,548.0
Fuel Adjustment
Inflation Adjustment
Forex Ex Adjustment
Service Charge 70,000.0 70,000.0
VAT (18%)
Block 1
Block 2
Parameters
Unit Cost

5. Impact of K Factor Penalty on Tech Loss
New Penalty Structure (K factor)
 Customer got penalised for a p.f < 0.8944
 Charge was UGX 40 per kVArh applied to the
formula: (0.5 * kWh) - kVArh(Actual)
Old Penalty Structure
 Customer still gets penalised for a p.f < 0.8944
 The penalty is based on the k factor Calculated from
: k=
0.8944 −p.f(Actual)
p.f(Actual)
 The penalty charge is then Calculated from :
Penalty charge = k * kWh * block 1 Average Tariff price
Reactive Energy
(kVArh) or reactive
power (kVAr)
Active Energy
(kWh) or Active
Power (kW)
Apparent
Energy
(kVAh) or
Apparent
Power (kVA)