This document discusses various decision making processes at both the individual and organizational level. At the individual level, it describes the rational approach and bounded rationality perspective. At the organizational level, it outlines four models of decision making: the management science approach, Carnegie model, incremental decision making process, and garbage can model. It also discusses learning organizations, contingency decision making, and special circumstances like high velocity environments and escalating commitment.

1. Decision Making Processes
Musa Abu Sbeih
Nurse Consultant

2. Good Terms to Know
 Organizational Decision-making
 Problem identification
 Problem solution
 Programmed decisions
 Nonprogrammed decisions

3. Individual Decision Making
 Two Approaches
 Rational Approach
 When do we use it?

4. Rational Approach

5. Individual Decision Making
 Bounded Rationality Perspective
 When do we use it?
 Intuitive Decision-making
 Nonprogrammed=
 Programmed=

6. Organizational Decision Making
 What is it?
 Four models
 Management Science Approach
 Carnegie Model
 Incremental Decision Making Process
 Garbage Can Model

7. Management Science Approach
 Similar to rational individual approach
 Structured
 Technology

8. Carnegie Model
 Coalitions
 Why use coalitions?
 Implications
 Satisfication
 Short-term outlook
 Discussion and bargaining
 Problem identification and implementation
strategies

9. Incremental Decision Process Model
 Focuses on sequence of events from
problem discovery to solution

11. Learning Organizations
 What are they?
 How are they different from other
organizations?
 Two Approaches to Decision Making
 Combine Incremental Process & Carnegie
Models
 Garbage Can Model

12. Garbage Can Model
 Extremely organic environments
 Three Causes
 Problematic preferences
 Unclear, poorly understood technology
 Turnover

13. Garbage Can Model
 Stream of Events
 Problems
 Potential solutions
 Participants
 Choice opportunities
 Consequences

14. Garbage Can Model

15. Contingency Decision-Making
 Two dimensions
 Problem consensus
 Technical knowledge about solutions

17. Special Decision Circumstances
 High Velocity Environments
 Characteristics
 How to overcome them
 Decision Making & Learning
 Escalating Commitment
 Why does it happen?