This document discusses an organization's school turnaround investment strategy. It has invested in waves, first supporting charter management organizations (CMOs) and then funding CMOs asked to restart low-performing schools. Successful turnaround operators emulate high-performing CMOs but must also focus more on culture, community engagement, and incremental staff. However, turnarounds face hurdles like district inefficiencies, leadership pipelines, and limited startup funding. The organization's third wave of investments includes new models in various cities focusing on STEM, hybrid approaches, and traditional turnarounds.