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This document discusses the origins of life and cells, cell structures and functions, types of cells, diseases and pathogens, and immunity. It explains that abiogenesis is the theory that life can arise from non-living matter through chemical reactions, while biogenesis is the theory that living things only come from other living things. It also describes that all living things are composed of cells, which have structures like a nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles, and cell membrane. Pathogens can cause disease by multiplying rapidly, destroying cells and tissues, or producing toxins. The germ theory of disease established that pathogens are the cause of infectious illnesses. The body defends itself through innate immunity like barriers and cells, and acquired immunity with humoral and
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The cell is a chemical system that can maintain its structure and reproduce.
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The cell is a chemical system that can maintain its structure and reproduce.
Cells are the fundamental unit of life.
All living things are cells or composed of cells.
The interior contents of cells in the cytoplasm.
Cell, in biology, the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed.
A single cell is often a complete organism in itself, such as a bacterium or yeast.
Other cells acquire specialized functions as they mature.
These cells cooperate with other specialized cells and become the building blocks of large multicellular organisms, such as humans and other animals.
The smallest known cells are a group of tiny bacteria called mycoplasmas; some of these single-celled organisms are spheres as small as 0.2 μm in diameter.
Largest cell ….
The largest single-celled organism is an animal
called Syringammina fragilissima, which can grow to a width of 4 inches.
– are highly folded, forming a complex network of tubes.
The biological science which deals with the study of structure, function, molecular organization, growth, reproduction, and genetics of the cells, is called cytology or cell biology
(Gr., kytos = hollow vessel or cell; logos = to discourse).
Much of cell biology is devoted to the study of structures and functions of specialized cells.
Individual cells that form our bodies can grow, reproduce, process information, respond to stimuli, and carry out an amazing array of chemical reactions.
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The interior contents of cells in the cytoplasm.
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Here are potential responses to the questions without citations:
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4. Why can't a skeleton go trick or treating? Because it has no body to go with!
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3. Organelles such as the nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria have specialized functions like directing cell activities, photosynthesis, and releasing energy from food.
Introduction to cell biology
Cell and Molecular Biology is the study of cells, their internal structures, and their functions. The document discusses the history of cell discovery using microscopes by Robert Hooke, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, and others. It describes the three main principles of the modern cell theory: all living things are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are summarized.
Cells
The document discusses the history and development of cell theory from early microscopists in the 1600s-1800s to modern electron microscopy techniques. It covers key contributors like Van Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, Brown, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow and Weismann and how their findings built upon each other to establish the core principles of cell theory. The document then provides details on the structures and functions of plant and animal cells as well as their organelles like the cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuole and more.
Grade 12 lesson 1 intro slideshare
This document provides information about plant and animal cells. It begins with defining a cell and then labels the structures of plant and animal cells such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cell wall. It explains the roles of each structure and compares plant and animal cells in a Venn diagram. The key differences are that plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large permanent vacuole while animal cells do not. The document also discusses cell organization and the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
cell theory slides final
This document provides an overview of cell theory, including its key concepts and developments. It discusses:
- The classical cell theory which stated that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.
- Modern interpretations of cell theory which added that cells contain DNA, have basic chemical compositions, and their activities depend on organelles.
- Important cell processes like DNA replication, protein synthesis, endocytosis, exocytosis, and cell migration.
- The types of cells including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and examples of different cells in the human body like muscle, nerve, blood, and immune cells.
Chapter 1 cell Bio
This document provides an introduction to cell biology. It discusses key topics like what is a cell, the cell theory, differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, cell size and structure, and early discoveries of cells by scientists like Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, and Schwann. It also outlines course policies and provides an overview of topics to be covered, including cell organelles, cell types, microscopy, and cell evolution.
Cells
The basic unit of life is the cell. All living things are composed of cells, which are the basic units of structure and function. Cells come in two main types - prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus enclosed within membranes and other membrane-bound structures. Cells vary greatly in their size, shape, and internal structures, depending on their function in different living things.
Cytology & physiology module
The document provides information about cytology and cell physiology. It begins by defining cytology as the study of cells and cell physiology as the study of cellular mechanisms and interactions. It then discusses the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria are simpler, lacking membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells are more complex with organelles that carry out specialized functions within membrane compartments. The document also summarizes the cell theory that cells are the basic unit of life and arise from preexisting cells.
Cell Theory and Cell Basics 2014
The document summarizes cell theory, including its origins and key developments. It describes how Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 and named them. In 1839, Schwann and Schleiden suggested cells were the basic unit of life. In 1858, Virchow concluded that all cells come from pre-existing cells, completing cell theory. The theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic functional units of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Cells
Cells are the basic unit of life and come in two main types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles and have no nucleus, while eukaryotic cells like animal and plant cells contain organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus. Key differences include prokaryotes having a cell wall and single circular chromosome while eukaryotes may lack a cell wall and have multiple linear chromosomes with histones. The development of the microscope allowed scientists like Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, and Schwann to observe cells and establish that all living things are made of these basic cellular units.
The cell
1. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
2. Early scientists like Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, and Schwann made important discoveries about cells using microscopes in the 1600s-1800s.
3. The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
Biology cell structure function
The document discusses cell structure and function. It defines cells as the basic units of life and describes two main types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It explains key differences like eukaryotes having a nucleus and organelles while prokaryotes do not. The rest of the document details organelles found in typical animal and plant cells like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, chloroplasts and cell wall. It provides information on the structure and function of each organelle.
Basic cell structure
Cells are the basic building blocks of life. They can be single-celled organisms or part of multicellular organisms. Cells are classified based on whether they have a nucleus or not. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells like human and plant cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The nucleus controls cell activities and contains DNA. Organelles like the mitochondria and chloroplasts allow cells to perform essential functions like respiration and photosynthesis. Cells reproduce through fission in prokaryotes and mitosis or meiosis in eukaryotes.
Impact of cell physiology
This presentation provides an overview of cell physiology. It begins by defining cell physiology as the biological study of the activities that take place within cells to sustain life. The presentation then discusses the basic components of cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, microtubules, and vesicles. It also outlines some key physiological processes like autophagy, adhesion, cell division, cell signaling, and DNA repair. The presentation concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding cell physiology for discovering disease mechanisms and developing new treatments.
CELL COMPONENTS
The document discusses the history and key discoveries related to cells. It begins with Robert Hooke observing cork cells under a microscope in 1665. Later scientists like Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered protozoa and red blood cells. The cell theory was developed based on the combined work of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow, stating that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and cells only come from preexisting cells. The document also describes cell diversity in size, shape, and internal structures between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and provides examples of organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and their functions.
Similar to Day2 (20)
Day2
- 1. 1 Origin of life Abiogenesis vs. Biogenesis Biogenesis: Bio – life; Genesis – to form; Biogenesis – the process that states that living things can only be produced by another living thing, and not by a non-living thing. Abiogenesis – the process that states that living things can be produced by non-living things. Chemosynthetic theory- Statesthat the very first microscopic life could have evolved as a result of a series of chemical reactions Amino acids ++ peptides and proteins Hydrocarbons + sugars = fat molecules Carbohydrates ++ starch & complex sugars coacervates– aggregate of molecules Nucleic acids help in development of coacervates Cell The Cell Theory -All living organisms are composed of cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular. The cell is the basic unit of life. Cells arise from pre-existing cells. Cell structure and Function Nucleus- Control / command center of the cell, Stores genetic material Cytoplasm – ‘matrix’ of the inner layer of the cell. Cytosol – liquid portion. Cell wall – rigid structure above cell membrane that is thicker and more rigid Cell membrane – semi-permeable structure which controls the passage of materials in and out of the cell Golgi Apparatus – flattened sacs that store, modify, and package products that are to be secreted by the cells Lysosome – bag-like cells that digest dead organelles, organic and inorganic materials, food, etc. Mitochondria – powerhouse of the cell; contains and produces ATP Vacuoles – storage for nutrients, water, or waste Chloroplast – contains pigments that store energy. Vesicle – contains an aqueous solution using a lipid bilayer Ribosome –contains RNA and proteins. Assembles protein in the cell. 2 types: Free and bound Cytoskeleton – provides support in the cell. Microfilaments and Microtubules. Centrioles – aids and functions at cell division. Made of microtubules Plants and Animal cells Animal cells do not have cell walls Animal cell round; Plant cell rectangle Centrioles are present in all animal cells while only a few in the plant cells. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts It is very rare for plant cells to have cilia.
- 2. 2 Types of plant cells Vascular: Xylem &Phloem Ground:Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma Diseases - A change in the system, excluding an injury, that causes a disruption on normal body functions Pathogens/ Infectious agents Environmental factors Genetic Pathogens: Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, Large parasites, Fungi, Prions, Virion What they do to disrupt body functions: Rapid multiplication Destruction of body cells and tissues Production of poison or toxins Koch’s postulate Pathogen should always be found in a sick organism Pathogen should be isolated and grown in pure culture When purified pathogens are placed in new host, the same disease should appear. When infected pathogen is isolated, it should be identical to the original pathogen Germ Theory of Disease Infectious disease is caused by germs or pathogens Names to remember: IgnazSemmelweis - washing hands Louis Pasteur - pasteurization Joseph Lister – used sterile equipment, antiseptics, and anesthetics in surgery Robert Koch – worked on bacili and proved diseases were caused by bacteria and that it could infect any organism despite harsh conditions Dmitri Ivanovsky – credited as the discoverer of viruses Infection – modes and agents Airborne o droplets of pathogen Foodborne&Waterborne o Tape worms o amoebiasis Carriers or vectors Actual contact Defenses – vaccines, immunity, etc. Two types of Immunity: Innate Acquired Acquired (specific): Humoral response Cell-mediated response Innate (Nonspecific): External Skin Mucous membranes Secretions Internal Phagocytic cells Antimicrobial proteins Natural killer cells Inflammatory response