Rasperry pi Part 10
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The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools. The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers. The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
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The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
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The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
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DTMF Part-8
Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling (DTMF) is an in-band telecommunication signaling system using the voice-frequency band over telephone lines between telephone equipment and other communications devices and switching centers. DTMF was first developed in the Bell System in the United States, and became known under the trademark Touch-Tone for use in push-button telephones supplied to telephone customers, starting in 1963.[1] DTMF is standardized by ITU-T Recommendation Q.23. It is also known in the UK as MF4.
The Touch-Tone system using a telephone keypad gradually replaced the use of rotary dial and has become the industry standard for landline and mobile service. Other multi-frequency systems are used for internal signaling within the telephone network.
Led
The document discusses interfacing output devices like LEDs and seven segment displays with microcontrollers. It provides information on LED and seven segment display characteristics and working principles. It also includes code examples for interfacing LEDs and seven segment displays with the AVR microcontroller family using C programming. Practical examples discussed are LED interfacing and seven segment display interfacing projects.
Raspberry pi Part 16
This document discusses interfacing an RGB LED with a Raspberry Pi using pulse width modulation (PWM). It provides an overview of RGB LEDs and PWM, describing how PWM works by rapidly switching power on and off faster than what affects the load. It then gives examples of code in Python to control an RGB LED connected to GPIO pins on the Raspberry Pi by changing the duty cycle from 1-100% to gradually change the color.
WIFI MODEM Part-22
Wi-Fi (or WiFi) is a local area wireless computer networking technology that allows electronic devices to network, mainly using the 2.4 gigahertz (12 cm) UHF and 5 gigahertz (6 cm) SHF ISM radio bands.
The Wi-Fi Alliance defines Wi-Fi as any "wireless local area network" (WLAN) product based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards".[1] However, the term "Wi-Fi" is used in general English as a synonym for "WLAN" since most modern WLANs are based on these standards. "Wi-Fi" is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. The "Wi-Fi Certified" trademark can only be used by Wi-Fi products that successfully complete Wi-Fi Alliance interoperability certification testing.
Many devices can use Wi-Fi, e.g. personal computers, video-game consoles, smartphones, digital cameras, tablet computers and digital audio players. These can connect to a network resource such as the Internet via a wireless network access point. Such an access point (or hotspot) has a range of about 20 meters (66 feet) indoors and a greater range outdoors. Hotspot coverage can be as small as a single room with walls that block radio waves, or as large as many square kilometres achieved by using multiple overlapping access points.
Depiction of a device sending information wirelessly to another device, both connected to the local network, in order to print a document.
Wi-Fi can be less secure than wired connections, such as Ethernet, precisely because an intruder does not need a physical connection. Web pages that use TLS are secure, but unencrypted internet access can easily be detected by intruders. Because of this, Wi-Fi has adopted various encryption technologies. The early encryption WEP proved easy to break. Higher quality protocols (WPA, WPA2) were added later. An optional feature added in 2007, called Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS), had a serious flaw that allowed an attacker to recover the router's password.[2] The Wi-Fi Alliance has since updated its test plan and certification program to ensure all newly certified devices resist attacks .
Rasperry pi Part 8
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
Raspberry pi Part 4
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
Switch interfacing Part-7
This document discusses different types of switches used to control electrical circuits. It introduces single pole single throw (SPST) switches, which have a single input and output contact to open or close a circuit, and single pole double throw (SPDT) switches, which have one input but two output circuits where only one is energized at a time. Some specific switch types covered include toggle switches, slide switches, rocker switches, momentary switches, ganged switches, mercury switches, electromagnetic switches, position switches, and pressure switches.
Analog sensor Part-9
This document provides information on analog and digital sensors. It defines transducers as devices that convert one form of energy to another. Sensors are input transducers that can be passive (change resistance) or active (output voltage or current). Analog sensors output continuously variable signals, while digital sensors have only two states. Examples of analog sensors given include thermocouples and examples of digital include digital tachometers. The document then discusses analog and digital signals in more detail. It provides examples of applications for analog to digital conversion like microphones and strain gages. Finally, it covers the process of analog to digital conversion including quantizing the analog signal into discrete levels and encoding the levels with binary numbers.
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Asus Tinker Board
Tinker Your Way to the Future is a document that introduces the Tinker Board, a small computer board designed for makers and DIY enthusiasts. The Tinker Board offers more power and functionality than comparable boards like the Raspberry Pi, with features like a quad-core processor, 2GB of RAM, Gigabit Ethernet, HDMI with 4K support, and high-quality audio. It is well-suited for uses in electronics projects, education, and commercial applications. The document provides details on the Tinker Board's specifications and performance benchmarks, and compares it favorably to the Raspberry Pi.
[German] Boards für das IoT-Prototyping
IoT Boards (e.g. Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP8266, ...) for prototyping with price tags, technical information and comparison between MCU, MPU and SoC (System on a Chip)
mobile processors introduction..
This document discusses the history and evolution of mobile phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs) from 1992 to 1996. It notes several important early devices including the Motorola International 3200 phone in 1992, the Nokia 1011 which was the first mass-produced GSM phone, and the IBM Simon personal communicator in 1992, which was the first device to combine PDA and phone functionality. It also mentions the Motorola StarTAC phone in 1996 as the first clamshell cellular phone design.
Single board computer options
includes 1. Rpi
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4. Banana Pi
5. PandaBoard
6. LinkSprite pcDuino
7. Intel Galileo Gen 2 -
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10. Odroid-C1
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This document provides an introduction and overview of several popular single board microcontrollers, including Arduino, Raspberry Pi, myRio, BeagleBone Black, PandaBoard, and mbed. It describes each board's key components and capabilities. Single board microcontrollers provide all the necessary circuitry on a single printed circuit board for control tasks, making them useful for education and hands-on experience with new processor families. They are also low-cost options for application development.
Windows 10 IoT Core
This document summarizes a presentation given by Blair Leduc on Windows 10 IoT Core. It introduces Windows 10 IoT Core and compares development boards like the Raspberry Pi 2, DragonBoard 410c, and MinnowBoard MAX. It discusses setting up Windows 10 IoT Core using the IoT Dashboard or Image Helper, configuring devices using the Device Portal or PowerShell, and connecting devices to services like Azure IoT Hub or data.sparkfun.com. The presentation provided an overview of Windows 10 IoT Core and resources for developing IoT solutions.
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The document provides information about organizing an ESDP (Enterprise Skill Development Program) on computer hardware maintenance and networking from August 27th to October 8th 2014 in Kakinada, India. It then discusses the main hardware components of a computer including the system unit, motherboard, CPU, RAM, expansion cards, storage devices, optical drives, sound cards, and network interface cards.
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slides from my Building IoT Talk (Boards für das IoT-Prototyping) about IoT-Prototyping boards which we use at #hybrislabs
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This document introduces an open source hardware board called the Tinker Board. It has a powerful quad-core processor, 2GB of RAM, WiFi/Bluetooth connectivity, and various ports. The document discusses its intended uses for education, making, and IoT applications. It provides an overview of the board's specifications and compares its performance to the Raspberry Pi. Instructions are given for setting up the board along with answers to frequently asked questions.
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The document discusses the Raspberry Pi, a series of small single-board computers developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote computer science education. It provides details on the specifications of different Raspberry Pi models over time, how to set up a Raspberry Pi, and examples of projects that can be built with a Raspberry Pi like home automation, a voice-activated coffee machine, a weather station, and a home surveillance system. The Raspberry Pi uses an ARM processor and runs operating systems like Raspbian to function as a low-cost yet powerful computer that can interface with electronics and the physical world through its GPIO pins.
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QEMU is an open source machine emulator and virtualizer that can emulate various CPU architectures like x86, PowerPC, ARM, MIPS and SPARC. This document discusses extending QEMU to add support for a new I2C accelerometer hardware and simulating it in QEMU. It describes registering a new device type in QEMU to represent the accelerometer, implementing read/write callbacks to emulate the device behavior, and testing it works with a simple application both in QEMU and on a real Raspberry Pi board.
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Raspberry pi Part 26
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
Raspberry pi Part 25
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
Raspberry pi Part 24
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
Raspberry pi Part 23
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
Raspberry pi Part 22
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
Raspberry pi Part 18
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
Raspberry pi Part 17
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
Rasperry pi Part 15
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
Rasperry pi Part 13
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
Rasperry pi Part 12
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
Rasperry pi Part 9
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
Rasperry pi Part 7
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
Raspberry pi Part 6
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
Raspberry pi Part 5
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
Raspberry pi Part 3
The document discusses the C compiler gcc. It can be used to compile C and C++ programs on Linux and other platforms. Gcc performs preprocessing, compilation, assembly, and linking. Common gcc options include -c to compile only, -o to specify an output filename, -g for debugging symbols, -Wall for warnings, and -O for optimizations. The -c option generates object files without linking, while -o can specify the output filename for object files or executables.
Raspberry pi Part 1
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512 MB. The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot media and persistent storage.
I2C And SPI Part-23
I²C (Inter-Integrated Circuit), pronounced I-squared-C, is a multi-master, multi-slave, single-ended, serial computer bus invented by Philips Semiconductor (now NXP Semiconductors). It is typically used for attaching lower-speed peripheral ICs to processors and microcontrollers. Alternatively I²C is spelled I2C (pronounced I-two-C) or IIC (pronounced I-I-C).
Since October 10, 2006, no licensing fees are required to implement the I²C protocol. However, fees are still required to obtain I²C slave addresses allocated by NXP.[1]
Several competitors, such as Siemens AG (later Infineon Technologies AG, now Intel mobile communications), NEC, Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics (formerly SGS-Thomson), Motorola (later Freescale), and Intersil, have introduced compatible I²C products to the market since the mid-1990s.
SMBus, defined by Intel in 1995, is a subset of I²C that defines the protocols more strictly. One purpose of SMBus is to promote robustness and interoperability. Accordingly, modern I²C systems incorporate policies and rules from SMBus, sometimes supporting both I²C and SMBus, requiring only minimal reconfiguration.
The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus is a synchronous serial communication interface specification used for short distance communication, primarily in embedded systems. The interface was developed by Motorola and has become a de facto standard. Typical applications include sensors, Secure Digital cards, and liquid crystal displays.
SPI devices communicate in full duplex mode using a master-slave architecture with a single master. The master device originates the frame for reading and writing. Multiple slave devices are supported through selection with individual slave select (SS) lines.
Sometimes SPI is called a four-wire serial bus, contrasting with three-, two-, and one-wire serial buses. The SPI may be accurately described as a synchronous serial interface,[1] but it is different from the Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) protocol, which is also a four-wire synchronous serial communication protocol, but employs differential signaling and provides only a single simplex communication channel.
EEPROM Part-21
This document discusses the EEPROM memory in AVR microcontrollers. It explains that EEPROM is non-volatile memory that can retain data when power is removed. The AVR has 512 bytes of internal EEPROM memory addressed using the 9-bit EEAR address registers EEARH and EEARL. Data is written to and read from the EEDR register, while the EECR register controls writing, reading, and interrupts for the EEPROM.
RFID Part-19
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the wireless use of electromagnetic fields to transfer data, for the purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags attached to objects. The tags contain electronically stored information. Some tags are powered by electromagnetic induction from magnetic fields produced near the reader. Some types collect energy from the interrogating radio waves and act as a passive transponder. Other types have a local power source such as a battery and may operate at hundreds of meters from the reader. Unlike a barcode, the tag does not necessarily need to be within line of sight of the reader and may be embedded in the tracked object. RFID is one method for Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC).[1]
RFID tags are used in many industries. For example, an RFID tag attached to an automobile during production can be used to track its progress through the assembly line; RFID-tagged pharmaceuticals can be tracked through warehouses; and implanting RFID microchips in livestock and pets allows positive identification of animals.
Since RFID tags can be attached to cash, clothing, and possessions, or implanted in animals and people, the possibility of reading personally-linked information without consent has raised serious privacy concerns.[2]
In 2014, the world RFID market is worth $8.89 billion, up from $7.77 billion in 2013 and $6.96 billion in 2012. This includes tags, readers, and software/services for RFID cards, labels, fobs, and all other form factors. The market value is expected to rise to $27.31 billion by 2024.[3]
Bluetooth Part-17
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the ISM band from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz[4]) from fixed and mobile devices, and building personal area networks (PANs). Invented by telecom vendor Ericsson in 1994,[5] it was originally conceived as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. It can connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization.
Bluetooth is managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), which has more than 25,000 member companies in the areas of telecommunication, computing, networking, and consumer electronics.[6] The IEEE standardized Bluetooth as IEEE 802.15.1, but no longer maintains the standard. The Bluetooth SIG oversees development of the specification, manages the qualification program, and protects the trademarks.[7] A manufacturer must make a device meet Bluetooth SIG standards to market it as a Bluetooth device.[8] A network of patents apply to the technology, which are licensed to individual qualifying devices.
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- 2. www.techvilla.org.in Embedded linux boards Popular open source boards below $200: APC Rock -- $79, Via Technologies, 800MHz Cortex-A9 Wondermedia BeagleBone Black -- $45, BeagleBoard.org, 1GHz Cortex-A8 TI Sitara AM3359 Cosmic+ -- $65, Phytec, 500MHz Cortex-A5 Freescale Vybrid Cubieboard 2 -- $59, Wang And Tom Development Ltd. (Allwinner), Cortex-A7 dual-core Allwinner A20 MicroZed -- $199, Avnet, Xilinx Cortex-A9/FPGA Zynq-7010 MinnowBoard -- $199, MinnowBoard.org (Intel), 1GHz Intel Atom E640 Odroid-XU -- $149/$169, Odroid Project (Hardkernel), Samsung Exynos 5410 Octa (8-core Big,Little Cortex-A15 and –A7) PandaBoard -- $182, PandaBoard.org (TI), TI 1.2GHz Cortex-A9 OMAP4460 Raspberry Pi Model B – $35, Raspberry Pi Foundation, Broadcom 700MHz ARM11 BCM2835 Wandboard Quad -- Wandboard.org (Freescale), Freescale 1GHz Cortex-A9 i.MX 6Quad
- 3. www.techvilla.org.in What’s so special about Linux? Multiple choices vs. sole source Source code freely available Robust and reliable Modular, configurable, scalable Superb support for networking and Internet No runtime licenses Large pool of skilled developers 3
- 4. www.techvilla.org.in What is a good Embedded OS? Modular Scalable Configurable Small footprint CPU support Device drivers Etc. 4
- 5. www.techvilla.org.in Commercial Embedded Linux AMIRIX Embedded Linux derived from Debian Coollogic Coollinux combines Linux and Java for Internet apps Coventive Xlinux kernel can be as small as 143KB Esfia RedBlue Linux 400K, designed for wireless apps And many others 5
- 6. Open Source Embedded Linux Embedded Debian Project convert Debian to an embedded OS ETLinux for PC104 SBC’s uCLinux for microprocessors that don’t have MM uLinux (muLinux) fits on a single floppy 6
- 7. www.techvilla.org.in What’s so special about Linux? 7
- 8. System on a Chip
- 9. System on a Chip What does System on a Chip (SoC) mean? A system on a chip (SoC) combines the required electronic circuits of various computer components onto a single, integrated chip (IC). A SoC is a complete electronic substrate system that may contain analog, digital, mixed-signal or radio frequency functions.
- 10. System on a Chip Its components usually include a graphical processing unit (GPU), a central processing unit (CPU) that may be multi-core, and system memory (RAM). Because a SoC includes both the hardware and software, it uses less power, has better performance, requires less space and is more reliable than multi- chip systems. Most system-on-chips today come inside mobile devices like smartphones and tablets.
- 11. System on a Chip A microcontroller can be programmed to perform certain functions. A very popular microcontroller is the Arduino Uno. The difference between a SoC and a microcontroller often times is defined by the amount of random access memory (RAM). A SoC is capable of running its own operating system.
- 12. System on a Chip The SoC we will use today is the Raspberry Pi B+. The heart of this credit card sized computer is the Broadcom BCM2835 chipset that contains an ARM CPU and a Videocore 4 graphics processing unit. The B+ has a 700 Mhz CPU and 512 MB of RAM.
- 13. www.techvilla.org.in Technical Specifications: Broadcom BCM2836 Arm7 Quad Core Processor powered Single Board Computer running at 900MHz 1GB RAM 40pin extended GPIO 4 x USB 2 ports 4 pole Stereo output and Composite video port Full size HDMI CSI camera port for connecting the Raspberry Pi camera DSI display port for connecting the Raspberry Pi touch screen display Micro SD port for loading your operating system and storing data Micro USB power source
- 15. www.techvilla.org.in Beaglebone introduction BeagleBone Black is a low-cost, community-supported development platform for developers and hobbyists. Boot Linux in under 10 seconds and get started on development in less than 5 minutes with just a single USB cable. Processor: AM335x 1GHz ARM® Cortex-A8 512MB DDR3 RAM 4GB 8-bit eMMC on-board flash storage 3D graphics accelerator NEON floating-point accelerator 2x PRU 32-bit microcontrollers
- 16. www.techvilla.org.in Software Compatibility Debian Android Ubuntu Cloud9 IDE on Node.js w/ BoneScript library plus much more
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