The document describes respiratory care strategies from several NHS boards in Scotland. It discusses initiatives like anticipatory care plans, pulmonary rehabilitation programs, self-management plans for COPD and asthma, telehealth/telemonitoring pilots, and community respiratory warning systems. Several boards reported reductions in hospital admissions, length of stay, and bed occupancy from these anticipatory care strategies.
This presentation describes the heart and its normal functions; describes the various disease processes of the heart; discusses cardiac disorders in terms of 4 categories; identify criteria used to determine if the cardiac patient is hospice appropriate.
Presentation given by P K Patra, Additional Commissioner of Commercial Taxes, Commercial Tax Department, Government of Orissa on August 3rd, 2011 at eWorld Forum (www.eworldforum.net) in the session ICT in Financial Inclusion, Taxation, Excise and Finance
This presentation describes the heart and its normal functions; describes the various disease processes of the heart; discusses cardiac disorders in terms of 4 categories; identify criteria used to determine if the cardiac patient is hospice appropriate.
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In this slide show, we explain the current trends in the real estate market in Clark, NJ. compare it to previous years, and offer advice to home buyers and sellers in Clark.
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Every healthcare contact is a health improvement opportunity but how well do we embed lifestyle advice in our day‐to‐day encounters? Gain a greater
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Breakout 3.3 Pro-active management - Stephen GaduzoNHS Improvement
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How to deliver quality and value in chronic care:sharing the learning from the respiratory programme
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Prof David Patterson, Consultant Cardiologist, Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine and CEO of Helicon Health, gave this presentation at Commissioning Live - November 2014. He covers a range of issues including better identification of patients with atrial fibrillation and better management of anticoagulation patients.
Helicon Health's web-based integrated package - HeliconHeart - is compliant with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines on anticoagulation and self-monitoring, and cited as a learning exemplar in NICE’s guidelines for atrial fibrillation.
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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The process of drug discovery and development is a complex and multi-step endeavor aimed at bringing new pharmaceutical drugs to market. It begins with identifying and validating a biological target, such as a protein, gene, or RNA, that is associated with a disease. This step involves understanding the target's role in the disease and confirming that modulating it can have therapeutic effects. The next stage, hit identification, employs high-throughput screening (HTS) and other methods to find compounds that interact with the target. Computational techniques may also be used to identify potential hits from large compound libraries.
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2. National Advisory Group for Respiratory MCNs
‘The Respiratory Club’
Aims:
To foster respiratory health
To improve the quality of care for patients with respiratory disease throughout
Scotland
To encourage the implementation of good practice through local Managed Clinical
Networks (MCNs) sharing information, knowledge and being guided by the Core
Principles laid out in HDL(2007)21 – Strengthening the Role of Managed Clinical
Networks in Scotland
Reporting Arrangements:
The NAG is in many ways similar to a club in that it survives through the desire of the
members to work together to achieve shared aims in a consensual way, but with no
compulsion to participate. The reporting arrangements are, therefore, to the NHS
Boards through the local MCN arrangements, and to the SGHD through the Planning
& Quality Division
3. National Advisory Group for Respiratory MCNs
Remit:
Agree priorities and identify a work programme for each year
Act as an advisory group on respiratory issues to the Scottish Government Health Directorates (SGHD)
Work with Healthcare Improvement Scotland to agree the current core evidence base to recommend to MCNs for
implementation
Contribute to national initiatives such as the development of standards, guidelines and guidance in both practice
and education
Support the development of a sustainable process for monitoring the delivery of services to agreed standards
Work in partnership with Voluntary Organisations; Partnership Agencies, NHS Organisations and Scottish
Government Health Directorates to take forward national initiatives and service design / redesign in accordance
with respiratory standards and guidance
Share information about good evidence based practice and the different models of delivering respiratory services
Agree and maintain a shared core evidence base for respiratory disease relevant to Scotland
Encourage development of a shared information system or systems to allow audit and comparison of the
outcomes of care and to support decision making by both clinical and managerial professionals
Support the development and implementation of Scottish Core Competencies
Support MCNs to:
Strive for an equitable distribution of services and promote patient access to agreed standards of care
across Scotland in order to address health inequalities
Develop the education and training of patients, carers and staff to support identified evidence based
practice
Increase the multi-disciplinary approach to respiratory health and the care of respiratory disease
4. National Advisory Group for Respiratory MCNs
Scope:
Areas covered will include respiratory health and the prevention, treatment and long term care of
all respiratory disease only excluding those areas covered by existing MCNs such as cancer and
cystic fibrosis
Authority is invested in NHS Boards and the SGHD and therefore the National Advisory Group
will require to operate in a consensual way
Membership:
Mainland NHS Board areas will have two members drawn from the local MCN usually comprising
clinical and managerial responsibilities
Island NHS Board areas will have one member drawn from the local MCN usually comprising
clinical and/or managerial responsibilities
British Lung Foundation, Asthma UK and Chest, Heart & Stroke Scotland each to provide one
member
SGHD Planning & Quality Division will provide one member in attendance
Scottish Thoracic Society will provide one member in attendance
Should any member be unable to attend a meeting deputies will not only be welcomed but
encouraged
Patient/Carer input will be obtained through the voluntary sector. However, if specific matters
require in-depth Patient/Carer participation, this will be sought via the local Respiratory MCN and
Voluntary Organisation engagement structures
5.
6. COPD Population Model
Hospital at
Home
Level 3
Complex co-morbidity
Pr
of 3 – 5%
Pulmonary es
sio
Rehabilitation na Level 2
lC Poorly controlled single
ar
e disease 15 – 20%
Self- Se
management & lf
Ca
Self-care re Level 1
Spirometry Well controlled
(70-80% of LTC
Case population)
Finding
Awareness Population Wide Prevention, Health Improvement &
Raising Health Promotion
7. NHS Lothian Respiratory MCN
COPD Scottish Enhanced Service Programme:
Community Rehabilitation & Post Exacerbation
Service integrated with hospital service
↑Telecare to deliver Rehabilitation
Home Rehabilitation in Edinburgh City
75% Patients with Severe and Very Severe COPD
Significant rise in OOH & Palliative Care registration
Anticipatory Care Plans for all LTC
9. NHS Lothian Respiratory MCN
Electronic Sleep Apnoea referrals
Bronchiectasis Guidelines & Patient Website (SHOW)
COPD Awareness & Case Finding
COPD Data
↑ Prevalence from 13,000 to 14,000 since 2010
Admissions stable
Bed Days stable
10. NHS Fife Respiratory MCN
Scottish Enhanced Service Programme: COPD
Rehabilitation & Anticipatory Care
COPD Action / Self-management Plan
2010/2011 47 GP Practices participated
2011/2012 52 GP Practices participated
EMIS / VISION COPD & Asthma Patient Annual Review
Templates
incorporate ‘Asthma/COPD Self-management given’
field & electronic link to the plan
Asthma Patient Focus Groups to inform review of
pathways
11.
12.
13. NHS Western Isles Respiratory MCN
Well North ~ COPD
eClinical Referral Guidelines
COPD
Asthma
Spirometry
Pulmonary Rehabilitation
www.wihb.scot.nhs.uk/sharedguidelines/index.html
Sleep Apnoea
4 Community Staff trained in assessment
Local service provided to 40 patients
14. NHS Western Isles Respiratory MCN
Education & Training
16 Community & Primary Care Nurses completed Warwick
Diploma in COPD Management
30 staff received Spirometry Training
Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Physiotherapist appointed
Respiratory Liaison Nurse hours extended
Hub established in WI Hospital
Telehealth links to Southern Isles in place
Links with Local Authorities Sports Service established with 4
Instructors trained to deliver COPD exercise
15. NHS Forth Valley Respiratory MCN
Case Finding within Smoking cessation Clinics, Keep Well,
Well Man & Prison Service
COPD Awareness Campaigns
Self-management Plans
Asthma
COPD
COPD Hand Held Record
Antibiotics & Steroids via PGD
COPD Telehealth Pilot
Alert to Asthma Campaign in partnership with Local Authorities
Education Department
17. NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde Respiratory MCN
Pulmonary Rehabilitation with integrated self-management
plans
Early Supported Discharge Service
1/3 admissions are discharged early with support of
Respiratory Clinical Nurse Specialist (RCNS) Team
↓LoS from Avg 7.6 to 6.0 over past 5 years
Stable readmission rates
COPD Home Care Project:
Exacerbation of COPD – patients supported at home by
GP & RCNS
Supportive Palliative Care , including Anticipatory care
Plans
18. NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde Respiratory MCN
COPD Local Enhanced Service
Practice Nurse training
Smoking cessation advice & referral process
Asthma Care Plans
Community Pharmacy
COPD Training
COPD Medication Review
Respiratory MCN Prescribing Group established to
oversee use of respiratory medications
Patient Pathway – all common conditions developed
19. NHS Highland Respiratory MCN
Extended Community Care Team
MDT: Primary, Community & Secondary Care
Focus on Inpatient / Recently Discharged / High Risk
Individuals
Direct Spot Purchase of Home Care Products
Local Care Home Beds (2)
Outcomes:
↓ LoS by 2.6 to 3 Days
↓Bed Occupancy by 19 to 25%
No Change to Admissions
20. NHS Highland Respiratory MCN
LES: Anticipatory Care
Patient Alert: completed in PC with patient & family
Vulnerable Patients List
SPARRA Data & Local Knowledge
1% most vulnerable at risk of admission
Care Home Patients
Outcomes:
5,329 ACPAs developed across NHS Highland
↓ 29% New Admissions
↓ 47% Bed Occupancy
21. CHP Name (All) Type EMERG New Admission? New Admission Died During Analysis Period No Match to Sparra Control (All)
Comparison of Emergency Inpatient/Daycase New Admissions
Before and After ACPAs
Count of New Admission?
700
600
500
Type of Hospital
New Admissions
400 New Craigs
RGH
300 Raigmore
Community
200
100
-
Before After Before After Before After Before After Before After Before After Before Before After Before After
Badenoch & Caithness East Sutherland Inverness Lochaber Nairn & ArdersierNorth West Ross & Cromarty Skye & Lochalsh
Strathspey Sutherland
Locality Name Before or After
23. NHS Grampian Respiratory MCN
Phase I Outcome Results (Peterhead)
↓Admissions ↓ LoS (PR & ACP)
↑Admissions ↓LoS (PR no ACP)
Phase II Outcome Results (Aberdeenshire)
↓28% GP Consultations
↓50% Admissions
↑27% Antibiotic Prescriptions
↑14% Oral Steroid Prescriptions
(Lower for Longer, 30mg daily for 7-10 Days)
24. NHS Dumfries & Galloway Respiratory MCN
Community Respiratory Warning System (CREWS)
Mainstream CREWS
Nurse Led Service
Direct Contact with RNS
Community Nurse Involvement
Home Medication Packs (partial implementation)
25. NHS Dumfries & Galloway Respiratory MCN
CREWS Prospective Observational Study:
Primary Aim:
Evaluate effect on hospital admission rates of > 300
subjects with COPD/Chronic lung disease resulting from
the application of a telephone supported /administered
CREWS
Secondary Aims:
Reductions in Bed Days
Reduction in Home Exacerbations
Reduction in Urgent GP Calls
Reduction in Associated Primary Care Costs
Patient & Carer Satisfaction
27. Score 0 1 2 3 4 Total
Oxygen 93% or above 91-92% with air or oxygen 88- 90% with air/oxygen 80-87% with oxygen Less than 80% with
Saturation % with air /oxygen oxygen
Pulse rate Less than 90 90-100 101-110 111-129 More than 130
Temperature 35-36.9 37-37.5 37.6-38 >38°C with paracetamol >38°C with antibiotic
and antibiotic for 24hrs for 3 days
Cough No cough/no Increased cough but no Increased cough with Frequent coughing Severe cough /unable
change in cough sputum sputum with sputum to clear sputum
Sputum None Small amount Moderate amount Large amount Very Large
Sputum colour None White Yellow Green Brown /Blood
Wheeze no wheeze Infrequent With significant exertion With moderate exertion While sitting at rest
Ankle/Leg None Mild – in feet and ankles Moderate- in calves as Severe – up to knee level Very severe
swelling only well as feet above knees
Shortness of Not breathless/ Short of breath when Walking slower than on Stops for breath after Too breathless to
breath/MRC except on hurrying of walking up level ground because of walking about 100 m or leave the house, or
score strenuous slight hill breathlessness, or stop after a few minutes on breathless when
exercise for breath when walking level ground level dressing or dressing
at own pace
Daily Activities Fully Cannot carry out heavy Up and about more than In bed / sitting in chair for In bed or a chair all
active/Usual physical work, but can do half the day; can look more than half the day; the time and need a
activity when anything else after yourself, but not need some help in lot of looking after
well well enough to work looking after yourself
TOTAL
Usual Score when Well = Score when Unwell: Action: Contact Number for Respiratory Nurse
if CREWS changes by score of 3 or more: Phyllis Murphie – 01387 241860 / Helen Coles- 01387 241835
Normality (score range 0– 11)
Mild to Moderate exacerbation (score 12 - 22)- caution- discuss with contact nurse
Severe exacerbation (score above 22 alarm zone) – Discuss with your contact Nurse
Adapted from Respicard ®
Copyright (c) 2010 Phyllis Murphie and Helen Coles of Dumfries and Galloway Health Board
28. NHS Lanarkshire Respiratory MCN
COPD Whole System Service
Outreach Spirometry
Self-management & Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Respiratory Home Support Service
Respiratory ESD
LTOT
Supportive & Palliative Care
COPD Telehealthcare Pilot
Asthma Self-management Plans (Paeds & Adult)
Asthma Transitional Care Pathway
COPD Action Plan
29.
30. Evaluation Outcomes:
Patients Discharges via RHSS 26 to 30%
Avg RHSS LoS 3 to 6 Days ~ ↓2 Days
Average non-RHSS LoS 5 to 11 Days
Readmission Rates (%) RHSS / non-RHSS:
14 Days: 5 to 9 / 5 to 10
28 Days: 4 to 9 / 6 to 7
90 Days: 11 to 20 / 14 to 17
31.
32. COPD Telehealthcare Project
Outcomes Data for all 4 GP Practices
160
140
GP Audit 01/04/07 - 31/03/08
No's based on a total of 38 patients
120
100
80
Project period from 15/09/08-
60
25/01/2010 (incorporates one yea
40 of data per practice)
20
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Vis
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its
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33. Outcome Measures:
Outcome Median p-value
Hospital Admissions 1 vs. 0 <0.001*
Home Medication 0 vs. 2 <0.001*
(Antibiotics/Steroids)
GP Visits 3 vs. 1 0.23
A&E Visits 0 vs. 0 0.14
*Statistically significant
34. Two Sides of the Same Coin:
Stakeholder Corporate Objectives
Objectives
Outreach Spirometry HEAT: H6, E4, E5, E6, E7, A10, T10
LTC: Anticipatory Care
Patient Experience
Self-management & HEAT: H6, E5, E6, E7, A10, T6, T8, T10
LTC: Self-management
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Patient Experience
Respiratory Home Support HEAT: H6, E4, E5, E6, T6, T8, T10, T12
LTC: Self-management, Anticipatory Care,
Service Care Management
Patient Experience
COPD Telehealthcare HEAT: H6, E5, E6, T6, T8, T10, T12
LTC: Self-management, Anticipatory Care,
Care Management
Patient Experience
35. Conclusion:
Admission Avoidance Strategies:
Anticipatory Care Planning
Start Early / Identify Patients @ Risk
Patient Education / Coaching
Patient Self-management & Action Plans
Patient Self-Care & Home Medication Packs
Telehealthcare Options
Supportive & Palliative Care Strategies (ACPs)
Managed Clinical Networks:
The Big Picture
Whole System Working
Quality Ambitions
Stakeholder & Corporate Objectives
Respiratory Health Community of Practice: www.knowledge.scot.nhs.uk/respiratory.aspx
The Population model shows how a Whole System approach addresses the needs of the patients at each stage of disease severity. Using the concept of “one size does not fit all” different levels off education, self-care, self-management, physical activity and delivery of care have been designed to provide a more variable approach that will hopefully fit the needs of a wider spectrum of patients.