This document provides an overview of databases. It defines a database as an organized collection of data and discusses the main types: flat file, relational, and RDBMS. Key concepts covered include fields, records, tables, relationships, normalization, relational algebra, and SQL. SQL commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE are presented. The document also discusses database servers, concepts like primary and foreign keys, and designing reports with headers, footers and details.

1. DATABASE

3. WHAT IN TODAY’S
PRESENTATION???
 VIKAS
 ADITYA
 SHIVAAY
 AMAN
 TANUJ
 SUNNY
 SHIVAAY
 What is database???
 Types of database
 Database concepts
 What is
Relationship????
 Relational Algebra
 Normalization
 SQL
 Designing reports

4. What is Database ???
A Database is an
organized collection of
data( If Information is
not organized it is not
useful).

6. Types of Database
FLAT FILE
DATABASE
RELATIONAL
DATABASE
RDBMS

7. FLAT FILE DATABASE
A flat file database is
a database that stores data in a
plain text file. Each line of the
text file holds one record, with
fields separated by delimiters,
such as commas or tabs.

9. RELATIONAL DATABASE
A Relational database is a type
of database that store data in
several tables.
These tables are related to one
another.
The relationship between
different tables can be defined
by their common fields.

11. RDBMS
RDBMS Stands for "Relational
Database Management System.
 An RDBMS is a DBMS designed
specifically for relational databases.
 Therefore, RDBMS is a subset of
DBMS.
 A relational database refers to a
database that stores data in a structured
format, using rows and columns.

13. DATABASE SERVER
A database server is a
server which uses a
database application that
provides database services
to other computer programs
or to computers, as defined
by the client–server mode.

15. DATABASE CONCEPTS
In a relational database,
All data is held
in tables, which are made up of rows
and columns.
Each
table has one or more columns, and
each column is assigned a specific data
type, such as an integer number, a
sequence of characters (for text), or a
date.

17. BASIC DATABASIC
CONCEPTS
Field(Column)
Record(Row)
Table(File)
Database
Records
Value (Data)

18. WHAT IS RELATIONSHIP???
A relationship is a situation that
exists between two relational
database tables when one table
has a foreign key that references
the primary key of the other table.
 Relationships allow relational
databases to split and store data in
different tables, while linking
disparate data items.

19. RELATIONAL
ALGEBRA
Relational algebra is a procedural
query language, which takes instances
of relations as input and yields instances
of relations as output.
It uses operators to perform queries. An
operator can be either unary or binary.
 They accept relations as their input and
yield relations as their output.

21. NORMALIZATION
The process of data
analysis used for grouping
entities and data elements
into harmonious relations
is know as Normalization.

23. TYPES OF POPULAR
NORMALIZATION FORM
First normal
Second normal form
Third normal form

24. SQL(STRUCTU
RED QUERY
LANGUAGE)

25. SQL
SQL is the standard language
used for relational databases.
 It is declarative language
where users declare what
they want without having to
write a step by stem
procedure.
 It was first implemented by

26. TYPES OF SQL
DDL
DML
DCL
TCL

27. EXAMPLES DDL COMMANDS
CREATE – is used to create the database or
its objects (like table, index, function, views,
store procedure and triggers).
DROP – is used to delete objects from the
database.
ALTER-is used to alter the structure of the
database.
TRUNCATE–is used to remove all records
from a table, including all spaces allocated
for the records are removed.
COMMENT –is used to add comments to
the data dictionary.

28. EXAMPLES OF DML
COMMANDS
INSERT – is used to insert
data into a table.
UPDATE – is used to update
existing data within a table.
DELETE – is used to delete
records from a database
table.

29. EXAMPLES OF DCL
GRANT-gives user’s access
privileges to database.
REVOKE-withdraw user’s
access privileges given by using
the GRANT command.

30. EXAMPLES OF TCL
COMMIT– commits a Transaction.
ROLLBACKS-rollbacks a transaction
in case of any error occurs.
SAVEPOINT–sets a save point within
a transaction.
SET TRANSACTION–specify
characteristics for the transaction.

31. DESIGNING
REPORTS
A Report is the summary of your
database.
It consists of information obtained
from tables or queries and
presented as per user’s
requirement.
Reports are generally prepared and
presented in hard copy.
Reports also provide the facility to

32. REPORT SECTION
REPORT HEADER
PAGE HEADER
DETAIL
PAGE FOOTER
REPORT FOOTER

33. THANK
YOU

34. ANY
QUERY ?