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DDaattaa RReepprreesseennttaattiioonn 
((iinn ccoommppuutteerr ssyysstteemm)) 
CCoommppuutteerr FFuunnddaammeennttaall 
CCIIMM22446600 
BBaavvyy LLII
DDaattaa RReepprreesseennttaattiioonn 
HHooww ddoo ccoommppuutteerrss rreepprreesseenntt ddaattaa?? 
 Most computers are digital 
• Recognize only two discrete states: 
on or off 
• Computers are electronic devices 
powered by electricity, which has only 
two states, on or off 
1 1 1 1 1 
0 0 0 0 0 
on 
off
DDaattaa RReepprreesseennttaattiioonn 
WWhhaatt iiss tthhee bbiinnaarryy ssyysstteemm?? 
 A number system that has just two unique digits, 0 and 1 
• A single digit is called a bit (binary digit) 
• A bit is the smallest unit of data the computer can represent 
• By itself a bit is not very informative 
 The two digits represent the two off and on states 
Binary 
Digit (bit) 
Electronic 
Charge 
Electronic 
State
DDaattaa RReepprreesseennttaattiioonn 
WWhhaatt iiss aa bbyyttee?? 
 Eight bits are grouped together to form a byte 
 0s and 1s in each byte are used to represent 
individual characters such as letters of the 
alphabet, numbers, and punctuation 
8-bit byte for the number 3 
8-bit byte for the number 5 
8-bit byte for the capital letter T
DDaattaa RReepprreesseennttaattiioonn 
WWhhaatt aarree ttwwoo ppooppuullaarr ccooddiinngg ssyysstteemmss ttoo 
rreepprreesseenntt ddaattaa?? 
 American Standard 
Code for Information 
Interchange (ASCII) 
 Extended Binary 
Coded Decimal 
Interchange Code 
(EBCDIC) 
• Sufficient for 
English and 
Western European 
languages 
• Unicode often 
used for others
DDaattaa RReepprreesseennttaattiioonn 
HHooww iiss aa cchhaarraacctteerr sseenntt ffrroomm tthhee kkeeyybbooaarrdd ttoo 
tthhee ccoommppuutteerr?? 
Step 1: 
The user presses the letter T key 
on the keyboard 
Step 2: 
An electronic signal for the letter 
T is sent to the system unit 
Step 3: 
The signal for the letter T is 
converted to its ASCII binary 
code (01010100) and is stored in 
memory for processing 
Step 4: 
After processing, the binary code 
for the letter T is converted to an 
image on the output device
DDaattaa RReepprreesseennttaattiioonn 
HHooww iiss aa cchhaarraacctteerr sseenntt ffrroomm tthhee kkeeyybbooaarrdd ttoo 
tthhee ccoommppuutteerr?? 
Step 1: 
The user presses the letter T key 
on the keyboard 
Step 2: 
An electronic signal for the letter 
T is sent to the system unit 
Step 3: 
The signal for the letter T is 
converted to its ASCII binary 
code (01010100) and is stored in 
memory for processing 
Step 4: 
After processing, the binary code 
for the letter T is converted to an 
image on the output device

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Data representation UNIT-1

  • 1. DDaattaa RReepprreesseennttaattiioonn ((iinn ccoommppuutteerr ssyysstteemm)) CCoommppuutteerr FFuunnddaammeennttaall CCIIMM22446600 BBaavvyy LLII
  • 2. DDaattaa RReepprreesseennttaattiioonn HHooww ddoo ccoommppuutteerrss rreepprreesseenntt ddaattaa?? Most computers are digital • Recognize only two discrete states: on or off • Computers are electronic devices powered by electricity, which has only two states, on or off 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 on off
  • 3. DDaattaa RReepprreesseennttaattiioonn WWhhaatt iiss tthhee bbiinnaarryy ssyysstteemm?? A number system that has just two unique digits, 0 and 1 • A single digit is called a bit (binary digit) • A bit is the smallest unit of data the computer can represent • By itself a bit is not very informative The two digits represent the two off and on states Binary Digit (bit) Electronic Charge Electronic State
  • 4. DDaattaa RReepprreesseennttaattiioonn WWhhaatt iiss aa bbyyttee?? Eight bits are grouped together to form a byte 0s and 1s in each byte are used to represent individual characters such as letters of the alphabet, numbers, and punctuation 8-bit byte for the number 3 8-bit byte for the number 5 8-bit byte for the capital letter T
  • 5. DDaattaa RReepprreesseennttaattiioonn WWhhaatt aarree ttwwoo ppooppuullaarr ccooddiinngg ssyysstteemmss ttoo rreepprreesseenntt ddaattaa?? American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) • Sufficient for English and Western European languages • Unicode often used for others
  • 6. DDaattaa RReepprreesseennttaattiioonn HHooww iiss aa cchhaarraacctteerr sseenntt ffrroomm tthhee kkeeyybbooaarrdd ttoo tthhee ccoommppuutteerr?? Step 1: The user presses the letter T key on the keyboard Step 2: An electronic signal for the letter T is sent to the system unit Step 3: The signal for the letter T is converted to its ASCII binary code (01010100) and is stored in memory for processing Step 4: After processing, the binary code for the letter T is converted to an image on the output device
  • 7. DDaattaa RReepprreesseennttaattiioonn HHooww iiss aa cchhaarraacctteerr sseenntt ffrroomm tthhee kkeeyybbooaarrdd ttoo tthhee ccoommppuutteerr?? Step 1: The user presses the letter T key on the keyboard Step 2: An electronic signal for the letter T is sent to the system unit Step 3: The signal for the letter T is converted to its ASCII binary code (01010100) and is stored in memory for processing Step 4: After processing, the binary code for the letter T is converted to an image on the output device