This document discusses conducting an experiment to study the attenuation of ultrasound in solids. It involves using different ultrasound probes at various frequencies to transmit ultrasound waves through solid cylinders and measuring the reduction in intensity. The experiment aims to determine attenuation for different frequencies in reflection and transmission and compare the results to literature values. The document provides the objectives, apparatus needed, and step-by-step procedure to collect and analyze attenuation data for the solid cylinders using an ultrasonic echoscope and data logger system.

1. NURAFIQAH BT HAMZAH
D20162076167
NUR AMALINA BT CHE AJID
D20162076166
NURUL AMIRAH BT RODZI
D20162076159

2. • COMPUTER = Utilize software – to read info
from sensor
• DATA LOGGER = Instrument – record
measurement – time
• Compact – battery-powered – internal (microprocessor,
data storage, sensor)
• SENSOR = Convert (Physical Quantity TO
Electrical Signal)
• Type: light, temperature, sound, pH, Humidity

3. • ATTENUATION OF ULTRASOUND IN SOLID
• How the damping of sound in solid can be
determined?
• The damping of sound in solids shall be determined for
3 different frequencies in reflection as well as
transmission and be compared with values from the
literature.
• Sound wave running through a medium loses energy at
different process (scattering, adsorption, reflection)
• The intensity of the wave obeys the attenuation law
𝐼 = 𝐼˳𝑒−𝜇𝓍

4. • Objective:
• To study the attenuation of ultrasound in solid.
• Apparatus/materials:
• Ultrasonic echoscope GAMPT-Scan (UEGS)
• 2X ultrasonic probe 1 MHz
• 2X ultrasonic probe 2 MHz
• 2X ultrasonic probe 4 MHz
• Ultrasonic test cylinder set
• Ultrasonic gel
• Calliper/probe holder

5. 1) Set up the ultrasonic echoscope GAMPT-Scan by adjusting the
settings, to detect back wall echo and transmission pulse. Set the
software to HF+ Amp representation.
2) Measure all length of the cylinder with calliper.
3) Connect the UEGS to the PC or laptop.
4) Insert the probes into the probe holders and connect the two
probes of 1MHz frequency to the probe connector and switch is set
to the ‘Trans’.
5) Insert the cylinder into the holder block start with shortest one.
6) Connect the probes to a cylinder with the aid of a drop of ultrasonic
gel.
7) Set the gain and transmission values so that the signals for the
shortest cylinder are not overdriven but are still as high as possible.
8) Make sure the gain settings are always identical in order to be able
to compare the various amplitude measurements.
9) After the data is recorded, clean the cylinder and both of the probes
10) Repeat the experiment using another cylinder.
11) Repeat the experiment using 2 MHz and 4 MHz probes.

8. 1. How is an ultrasound performed?
2. Is ultrasound radiation?
3. The lowest rate of ultrasound absorption
occurs in?
A. Fat
B. Air
C. Bone
D. Lung

9. 1. The traditional ultrasound procedure involves
placing gel on abdomen to work as a conductor
for the sound waves. A transducer used to
produce sound waves into the uterus. The
sound waves bounce off bones and tissue
returning back to the transducer to generate
black and white image.
2. No. Ultrasound uses sound wave.
3. Fat. Because air, bone and lung are high
absorbers.

10. FALSE. TRY AGAIN

11. • Diagnostic Ultrasound
• High frequency sound waves emitted from sound source
(transducer)
• Transducer placed on patient’s body
• Sound waves echo off interfaces of internal structures
and return to transducer
• Information is processed and displayed on a monitor
based on time and intensity of returning echo
• Special term used on ultrasound reports Echogenic,
Hyperechoic, Hypoechoic, Anechoic

12. • Diagnostic Ultrasound
Interfaces are the signal sources
Major application:
Gall bladder evaluation
Fluid collections
Differentiation of cysts from solid
Fetal evaluation
Solid organ evaluation, heart, liver pancreas, kidney

14. • Used in teaching and learning and
also help student to conduct
experiment by using data logger
device.
• Improve critical thinking when
answering tough question by
apply the concept.