The document summarizes a research study on cybercrime trends in India from 2016-2020. Some key findings include: - The highest number of cybercrimes occurred in Karnataka, especially Bengaluru which has emerged as India's tech hub. - The majority of crimes were financial/banking scams targeting identities, bank accounts, and credit cards. - Fraud was the main motive behind cybercrimes, with over 60% of cases attributed to identity theft, cheating, and fake profiles. - Cybercrime rates are growing over 30% annually and correlated moderately with other crime rates and GDP. More education is needed to protect innocents from falling victim.

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Data analytics on cybercrime – An Indian
Perspective
Leo L
Research Scholar,
CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
Email: l.leo@res.christuniversity.in
Dr. Sangeetha R
Associate Professor,
Department of Management Studies
CHRIST (Deemed to be University)

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Introduction
● Cybercrime, also known as Internet crime or Digital crime, is a fast growing
mode of crime at present. Digital platforms have given plenty of positive
opportunities, but at the same time it is misused by criminals for fraudulent
activity.Cybercrime is a growing threat in the virtual world because
individuals and organizations are relying more on internet at an increasing
rate.
● Ginni Rometty (2016), IBM’s chairman, stated that cybercrime is the biggest
threat to every profession, industry and every company in the world.
Accenture (2019) in its report predicts the total value of cybercrime to be
around 5.2 trillion US Dollars worldwide over a five year period, from 2019
to 2023. Steve Morgan (2019) Cyber security Ventures estimates that
cybercrime’s global damages will cost six trillion US Dollars every year by
2021.

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Review of Literature
● Samrin Sulaiman (2019) has examined the public awareness on cybercrime with special
reference to Chennai. The researcher has concluded that the criminals use the internet to
conduct fraudulent activities against many organisations and the general public, such as
credit/debit card scams, personal data theft and phishing.
● Navneet Kaur (2018) has identified various kinds of cybercrimes towards individuals and
organisations. It is a conceptual paper based on secondary data, as the researcher has given
a theoretical meaning and concepts of types of cybercrimes. The researcher has concluded
that laws and regulations are very essential to fight the cybercrimes.
● Muhammad Dharma (2018) has examined the effect of cybercrimes on the buyer’s level of
confidence on internet shopping resulting in fraud victimisation in E-commerce sites. The data
is based on secondary sources.
● Djanggih, h. (2018) determined and analysed the impact of cybercrime on children as victims.
The results of this descriptive analysis show that the development of cybercrime affecting
children as victims increase every year, in various forms.
● Yerra Shankar Rao (2020) carried out a study to describe the concepts of cybercrime and
suggest suitable ways to overcome it. The results have shown that no law has the potential to
completely eliminate digital crime. It is a conceptual paper based on secondary data.

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Review of Literature
● Rennie Naidoo (2020) analysed and interpreted COVID-19 related cybercrime data from
across the globe. The researcher mentioned that the number of cybercrimes has increased,
especially during the pandemic, triggering off fake charities, relief programmes, social media
profiles, websites, emails, products and work-from-home jobs.
● Kamini Dashora (2011) has made a study on various problems related to the cybernet and
also suggested some ideas to overcome it. Some of the problems include hacking, phishing,
cybersquatting and cyber terrorism. It is concluded that it helps to take preventive methods,
such as updating antivirus, control over cookies and avoiding using credit or debit cards.
● Md Shamimul Hasan (2015) research is carried out to protect students by creating awareness
and provide some empirical evidence to assist policy makers in combating cybercrime. This
paper also suggests remedies to young generations, to diminish the risk of being victims in
cybercrime
● Malathi A, Babboo SS and Anbarasi A (2011) state that data mining plays an important role in
combating crime-related issues. The law administration and intelligence analysis can further
help in decision-making.
● McClendon, L., & Meghanathan, N (2015) show that data mining is an important tool that can
be used to detect crime and prevent it

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Data and Methodology
● The research is based on descriptive analysisdata and statistics are taken
from secondary sources, such as websites, NCB reports, journals and
articles. The study has explored the cybercrime statistics of the past four-
year’s (2016-2019) statistics, while data mining is done for 2020.
● It has information on different types of cybercrime, such as identity theft,
banking frauds, online cheating, tampering computers, publishing obscene
materials and fake accounts.
● The study is carried out according to the state and metropolitan cities, which
also identify the motives behind the cybercrimes, such as fraud, anger or
revenge, distortion, stealing data and political motives.
● Analysis is carried out using statistical techniques like Correlation, Standard
Deviation and Regression related to GDP, Unemployment and Literacy rates.

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Top ten statewise Cyber Crimes from 2016 to 2020
SN State 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
(Estimated)
% Share
(2019)
Population
(Lakhs)
Crime
Rate
(2019)
1 Karnataka 1101 3174 5839 12020 14389 27 659.7 18.2
2 Telangana 593 1209 1205 2691 2997 6 372.8 7.2
3 Assam 696 1120 2022 2231 2894 5 344.2 6.5
4 Uttar Pradesh 2639 4971 6280 11416 13237 25.6 2259.7 5.1
5 Maharashtra 2380 3604 3511 4967 5533 11.2 1225.3 4.1
6 Andhra
Pradesh
616 931 1207 1886 2182 4.2 523.2 3.6
7 Odisha 317 824 843 1485 1748 3.3 437.3 3.4
8 Jharkhand 259 720 930 1095 1431 2.5 375.8 2.9
9 Meghalaya 39 39 74 89 107 0.2 32.3 2.8
10 Rajasthan 941 1304 1104 1762 1844 4 776 2.3
11 Union
Territories
130 203 151 244 255 0.3 240.8 0.6
12 Other States 2606 3697 4082 4660 5109 10.7 6129.1 0.76
Total 12317 21796 27248 44546 51723 100 13376.1 3.3
Source: NCRB Report

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Motives behind Cyber Crime Statewise – 2016 to 2019
Cyber Crime Motives 2016 2017 2018 2019
2020
(Estimat
ed)
2019(
%)
Personal Revenge
1056
628 794 1207 1076 2.71
Anger 714 461 581 452 1.30
Fraud 5987 12213 15051 26891 31423 60.37
Extortion 571 906 1050 1842 2082 4.14
Causing Disrepute 448 1002 1212 1874 2256 4.21
Prank 121 321 296 1385 1473 3.11
Sexual Exploitation 1255 1460 2030 2266 2654 5.09
Political Motives 40 139 218 316 405 0.71
Terrorist Activities - 110 44 199 207 0.45
Inciting Hate against
Country/Community 152 206 218 49 82 0.11
Disrupt Public Service 33 55 21 28 22 0.06
Sale/purchase of illegal drugs 14 8 6 10 6 0.02
Developing own business 141 156 198 181 210 0.41
Spreading Piracy 23 90 671 45 369 0.10
Steal Information 18 10 16 93 92 0.21
Source: NCRB Report

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Descriptive statistics of dependent and independent
variables
S.N State Cyber
crimes
(2019)
Other
crimes
(X1)
GDP
(X2)
Unemployme
nt rate
(X3)
Literacy
rate 2011
(X4)
1 Karnataka 12020 151671 154439882 0.9 75.37
2 Telangana 2691 128563 86103090 2.3 60.2
3 Assam 2231 130552 31588121 0.9 72.19
4 Uttar Pradesh 11416 617162 166822924 9.4 67.68
5 Maharashtra 4967 504466 263279231 4.9 82.34
6 Andhra
Pradesh
1886 143865 86295708 5.4 67.02
7 Odisha 1485 120040 49222925 4.4 72.89
8 Jharkhand 1095 61111 29720373 17 66.41
9 Meghalaya 89 3808 3348064 2.5 74.43
10 Rajasthan 1762 302632 94258604 15 66.11
Mean(X
̄ ) 3964.2 220351.2 96507892 6.27 70.464
Standard Deviation(𝜎) 4276.8 200912.3 78824966 5.72 6.236
Coefficient of
Variation(C.V)
107.88 91.17 81.67 91.29 8.85

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Top ten cybercrimes in metropolitan cities of India
from 2016 to 2020
City 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
(Estimated)
% (2019) Population
(Lakhs)
Crime
Rate
Bengaluru 762 2743 5253 10555 12801 57.45 85 124.2
Lucknow 361 608 962 1262 1563 6.87 29 43.5
Hyderabad 291 328 428 1379 1448 7.51 77.5 17.8
Jaipur 532 685 415 544 486 2.96 30.7 17.7
Ghaziabad 62 118 191 347 412 1.89 23.6 14.7
Mumbai 980 1362 1482 2527 2778 13.75 184.1 13.7
Kanpur 136 229 229 365 412 1.99 29.2 12.5
Patna 167 79 115 202 176 1.10 20.5 9.9
Pune 269 318 153 309 251 1.68 50.5 6.1
Surat 66 105 155 228 273 1.24 45.8 5
Other Metro
Cities
546 687 715 654 739 3.56 564.5 1.2
Total 4172 7262 10098 18372 21335 100 1140.4 16.1
Source: NCRB Report *Estimation for 2020 is calculated using linear regression *Crime Rate 2019 = Population/No of crimes

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Findings:
● The highest number (12,020) of crime has taken place in Karnataka, in 2019,
this could be because Bengaluru in Karnataka is regarded as Silicon Valley of
India due to its leading role in the IT sector.
● A majority of crime is related to Financial/Banking scam, in which the
criminals mostly operate in the area of money-related offences to hack bank
accounts, ATMs, Debit/Credit card and OTP scams.
● SLL (Special Local Law) crimes such as gambling, copyright, and trademarks
are decreasing gradually.
● There are 26,891 (60% in 2019) criminals, who are motivated to commit
fraudulent activities through identity theft, cheating and fake profiles. Not all
the cybercrimes are financially motivated, but some also involve sexual
exploitation, anger, personal revenge, pranks or political motives.

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Findings:
● The highest rate (57%) of cybercrimes has taken place in Bengaluru (10,555
cases in 2019) compared to other cities.
● Correlation analysis between the cybercrimes with other crimes (0.59) and
GDP (0.65) in India, which has a positive moderate correlation.
● it was found that cybercrimes are continuously growing at an alarming rate of
more than 30%, while nowhere was it shown to be declining.
● It is found that that there is a slight correlation (0.20) between literacy and
crime. Innocents with low digital knowledge fall prey to cybercrimes.

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Suggestions and recommendations:
● Avoid using e-mail, credit or debit card and e-banking facilities while browsing
through a public internet or Wi-Fi.
● Let your password contain a mix of uppercase, lowercase and
alphanumericals. Never share it with anyone.
● Protect your computers through antivirus software and update it frequently.
● Download the apps only from reliable sources. Avoid giving unnecessary
permissions such as contacts, cameras, files and location.
● Never share your bank login credentials, One Time Password (OTP), Debit
card or credit card details or ATM PIN with anyone, even if they claim to be
bank employees.
● Be cautious while sharing identity proof documents such as aadhar, PAN
Change the password at least once every six months on all your devices and
applications.
● Always report cybercrime complaints at https://cybercrime.gov.in/.

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Limitations and Scope
● The research is based on past four years data only
● Though internet is global, attempt is made at India level
● There is a scope for further study at sector level
● The research can be further explored around the globe while major factors
influencing cybercrimes can be explored.

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Conclusion:
● The study noted that there were motives to develop businesses illegally,
which would affect the genuine ones and also halt paying of taxes to the
Government of India, therefore affecting economic progress. Cybercrimes can
bring down the state and country’s performance.
● Ch, Rupa et al. (2020) mention in their research that cybercrime will cost
nearly $6 trillion per annum by 2021, as per the cyber security ventures report
in 2020. It also states that existing literature in the area of cyber-attacks is
insufficient to compute and forecast malicious attack, especially with
unstructured data.
● Mittal (2019) says that android-based applications can be developed using
machine learning algorithms that could help government and police
departments.

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References:
● Djanggih, h. (2018). The phenomenon of cybercrimes which impact children as victims in
indonesia. Yuridika, 33(2), 212.
● Er. Navneet Kaur, Introduction of Cyber Crime and its Type, International Research Journal of
Computer Science, ISSN: 2393- 9842, 2018, Vol 5, Issue 8, Page 435- 439(Kaur 2018)
● Muhammad Dharma Tuah Putra Nasution, Andysah Putera Utama Siahann, Yossie Rossanty,
Solly Aryza, The Phenomenon of Cyber Crime and Fraud Victimisation In Online Shop,
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, ISSN: 0976- 6316, 2018, Vol 9,
Issue 6, Page 1583- 1592 (Siahaan and Muhammad Dharma Tuah, n.d.)
● Rao, Y. S., Pradhan, D., Charana Panda, T., & Rath, R. (2020). Digital Crime and its Impact in
Present Society. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 8(1).
Retrieved from www.ijert.org
● Naidoo, R. (2020). A multi-level influence model of COVID-19 themed cybercrime. European
Journal of Information Systems, 29(3), 306–321.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2020.1771222

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● Kamini Dashora(2011). Cyber Crime in the Society: Problems and Preventions. Journal of
Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences ( 2011) Vol 3, No 1, 240-259
● Monalisa Hati (2016). Cyber Crime: A Threat to the Nation and its Awareness, Journal of
Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering ISO 3297:2007 Certified
Vol. 5, Issue 7, July 2016
● Md Shamimul Hasan et al. (2015). Perception and Awareness of Young Internet Users
towards Cybercrime: Evidence from Malaysia , Journal of Social Science Volume 11, Issue 4
Pages 395-404
● Dambo Itari, Ezimora Okezie Anthony, Nwanyanwu Mercy, Cyber Space Technology: Cyber
Crime, Cyber Security and Models of Cyber Solution, a Case Study of Nigeria, International
Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, ISSN: 2320- 088X, 2017, Vol 6, Issue
11, Page 94- 113(Dambo Itari, Ezimora Okezie Anthony, Nwanyanwu Mercy 2017)
● Lin, K. Y., & Lu, H. P. (2011). Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study
integrating network externalities and motivation theory. Computers in human behavior, 27(3),
1152-1161.

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Thank you