D5 hormones and metabolism notes
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Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted by endocrine glands and travel through the bloodstream to target tissues where they exert effects at low concentrations. There are two main types of hormones - steroid hormones which bind to receptor proteins in the cell cytoplasm and peptide hormones which bind to receptors on the cell surface membrane. Binding of hormones to their receptors initiates cascades within the cell that regulate gene expression and cellular activity. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland control hormone secretion through feedback loops to maintain homeostasis. International cooperation between scientists works to prevent health issues caused by iodine deficiency through dietary programs.
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D5 hormones and metabolism presentation
Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted by endocrine glands directly into the bloodstream and have effects at low concentrations throughout the body. There are two main types of hormone receptors: steroid hormones bind to receptors in the cell cytoplasm and form complexes that enter the nucleus and affect gene transcription, while peptide hormones bind to receptors in the plasma membrane and activate intracellular second messenger systems. The hypothalamus controls hormone secretion from the pituitary gland which regulates growth, development, reproduction and homeostasis. Some athletes improperly use growth hormones in attempts to build muscle mass despite health risks.
D.5. hormones and metabolism
1. The document discusses how hormones work and their mechanisms of action. It describes how steroid hormones bind to receptors and act as transcription factors, while peptide hormones bind to membrane receptors and trigger secondary messenger systems.
2. The hypothalamus controls hormone secretion from the pituitary gland via releasing factors. The pituitary gland secretes hormones that control processes like growth, reproduction, and homeostasis.
3. Iodine deficiency can cause goiter and harm fetal development. Scientists collaborate internationally to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders.
Hormones Released by Pituitary Gland
The document discusses the pituitary gland and its hormones. It describes the pituitary gland's location and connection to the hypothalamus. It then explains the six hormones of the anterior pituitary - growth hormone, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, FSH, and LH - and their roles in controlling metabolic functions. The two hormones of the posterior pituitary are ADH and oxytocin, which play roles in water balance and childbirth/lactation respectively. The hypothalamus controls pituitary secretion through releasing and inhibiting hormones.
Steroids medicinal chemistry pharm d 3rd year
There are four major classes of hormones, including steroid hormones. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and include progestins, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. Steroid hormones are not water soluble and must bind to transport proteins in the bloodstream. They act via intracellular receptors after passing through cell membranes due to their lipophilic nature. The adrenal cortex and gonads produce steroid hormones through pathways involving enzymatic modification of cholesterol and its derivatives.
hormone secretion,transport & clearance from the blood
Hormones are secreted at very small rates and concentrations but have powerful effects on target tissues. They are transported through the bloodstream, either dissolved or bound to proteins, and their levels are regulated through negative and sometimes positive feedback. Hormones are removed from circulation through metabolic breakdown, binding to tissues, and excretion by the liver and kidneys, with clearance rates varying significantly between different hormones.
Thyroid Hormone
The thyroid gland secretes three main hormones: thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin. T4 is secreted in the largest amount but T3 has higher biological activity. The thyroid regulates metabolism, growth, and development through a negative feedback loop with the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. Hypothyroidism can cause myxedema coma, a life-threatening condition treated with thyroid hormone replacement. Hyperthyroidism treatments include anti-thyroid drugs that block hormone synthesis or radioactive iodine that destroys the thyroid gland.
Peptide Hormones and Catecholamines
Peptide hormones and catecholamines allow for rapid responses to environmental changes. They are stored in secretory vesicles and released via exocytosis within seconds or minutes in response to stimulation. This causes short-term effects that are terminated once the hormones are degraded. In contrast, steroid hormones and thyroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol or thyroglobulin precursors within cells. They diffuse out of cells and circulate in the blood bound to carrier proteins. This allows their effects to last longer, from hours to days, but production and release takes longer than for peptide hormones and catecholamines. The different hormone types thus allow for both rapid short-term responses and longer-term regulatory effects.
Hormones
Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted into the blood by endocrine glands and have profound effects on metabolic processes and cellular communication. They can be classified based on their chemical composition, location of receptors, or solubility. The major classes of hormones include steroids such as sex and adrenal hormones, peptides/proteins such as insulin and growth hormone, and amines such as epinephrine. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and include estrogens, androgens, progesterone, corticosteroids, and aldosterone. Peptide hormones include insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin which are secreted by the pancreas, as well as hormones from the pituitary, parathyroid,
Recommended
D5 hormones and metabolism presentation
Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted by endocrine glands directly into the bloodstream and have effects at low concentrations throughout the body. There are two main types of hormone receptors: steroid hormones bind to receptors in the cell cytoplasm and form complexes that enter the nucleus and affect gene transcription, while peptide hormones bind to receptors in the plasma membrane and activate intracellular second messenger systems. The hypothalamus controls hormone secretion from the pituitary gland which regulates growth, development, reproduction and homeostasis. Some athletes improperly use growth hormones in attempts to build muscle mass despite health risks.
D.5. hormones and metabolism
1. The document discusses how hormones work and their mechanisms of action. It describes how steroid hormones bind to receptors and act as transcription factors, while peptide hormones bind to membrane receptors and trigger secondary messenger systems.
2. The hypothalamus controls hormone secretion from the pituitary gland via releasing factors. The pituitary gland secretes hormones that control processes like growth, reproduction, and homeostasis.
3. Iodine deficiency can cause goiter and harm fetal development. Scientists collaborate internationally to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders.
Hormones Released by Pituitary Gland
The document discusses the pituitary gland and its hormones. It describes the pituitary gland's location and connection to the hypothalamus. It then explains the six hormones of the anterior pituitary - growth hormone, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, FSH, and LH - and their roles in controlling metabolic functions. The two hormones of the posterior pituitary are ADH and oxytocin, which play roles in water balance and childbirth/lactation respectively. The hypothalamus controls pituitary secretion through releasing and inhibiting hormones.
Steroids medicinal chemistry pharm d 3rd year
There are four major classes of hormones, including steroid hormones. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and include progestins, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. Steroid hormones are not water soluble and must bind to transport proteins in the bloodstream. They act via intracellular receptors after passing through cell membranes due to their lipophilic nature. The adrenal cortex and gonads produce steroid hormones through pathways involving enzymatic modification of cholesterol and its derivatives.
hormone secretion,transport & clearance from the blood
Hormones are secreted at very small rates and concentrations but have powerful effects on target tissues. They are transported through the bloodstream, either dissolved or bound to proteins, and their levels are regulated through negative and sometimes positive feedback. Hormones are removed from circulation through metabolic breakdown, binding to tissues, and excretion by the liver and kidneys, with clearance rates varying significantly between different hormones.
Thyroid Hormone
The thyroid gland secretes three main hormones: thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin. T4 is secreted in the largest amount but T3 has higher biological activity. The thyroid regulates metabolism, growth, and development through a negative feedback loop with the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. Hypothyroidism can cause myxedema coma, a life-threatening condition treated with thyroid hormone replacement. Hyperthyroidism treatments include anti-thyroid drugs that block hormone synthesis or radioactive iodine that destroys the thyroid gland.
Peptide Hormones and Catecholamines
Peptide hormones and catecholamines allow for rapid responses to environmental changes. They are stored in secretory vesicles and released via exocytosis within seconds or minutes in response to stimulation. This causes short-term effects that are terminated once the hormones are degraded. In contrast, steroid hormones and thyroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol or thyroglobulin precursors within cells. They diffuse out of cells and circulate in the blood bound to carrier proteins. This allows their effects to last longer, from hours to days, but production and release takes longer than for peptide hormones and catecholamines. The different hormone types thus allow for both rapid short-term responses and longer-term regulatory effects.
Hormones
Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted into the blood by endocrine glands and have profound effects on metabolic processes and cellular communication. They can be classified based on their chemical composition, location of receptors, or solubility. The major classes of hormones include steroids such as sex and adrenal hormones, peptides/proteins such as insulin and growth hormone, and amines such as epinephrine. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and include estrogens, androgens, progesterone, corticosteroids, and aldosterone. Peptide hormones include insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin which are secreted by the pancreas, as well as hormones from the pituitary, parathyroid,
Hormonal regulation
Hormones act through receptor-mediated pathways. They bind to receptors on target cells and induce responses. There are several types of hormone receptors, including cell surface receptors like G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors, as well as intracellular/nuclear receptors found within cells. Hormones are synthesized in various glands and organs throughout the body, then travel through the bloodstream to target tissues to exert their effects, such as regulating metabolism, growth, and development. Hormone receptors trigger intracellular signaling cascades that alter cellular functions. Antagonists can block hormone receptors to inhibit their actions.
Anterior pitutary hormones
This document discusses various anterior pituitary hormones including growth hormone, prolactin, gonadotropins, and their regulation and physiological functions. It describes how growth hormone is regulated by GHRH and GHIH from the hypothalamus and its roles in growth and metabolism. Prolactin is regulated by hypothalamic factors and stimulates breast development and lactation. Gonadotropins FSH and LH are regulated by GnRH and control reproduction. Disturbances in these hormones can cause various clinical conditions.
Hormones
Hormones are signaling molecules produced by glands that are transported via bloodstream to target distant organs to regulate physiology. They are classified as proteinaceous (peptide) hormones or non-proteinaceous (steroid) hormones. Some important peptide hormones include insulin which regulates carbohydrate and fat metabolism, glucagon which raises blood sugar levels, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) which regulates glucocorticoid secretion, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) which regulates water retention, oxytocin which causes uterine contraction and lactation, and prolactin which promotes milk production. Each hormone has specific functions, and deficiencies or excesses can result in various diseases treated through medication or manipulating hormone levels.
hormone of gonad
The growth hormone is produced by somatotropes cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Its release is regulated by growth hormone releasing hormone and growth hormone release inhibiting hormone from the hypothalamus. Growth hormone promotes growth and influences metabolism. Deficiencies cause dwarfism while overproduction causes gigantism or acromegaly. The gonads produce sex hormones and germ cells. Androgens are produced in males and influence physiological functions and metabolism. Estrogens are predominantly ovarian hormones and influence the menstrual cycle and female development. Progesterone is required for pregnancy and influences the uterus and mammary glands.
\Endocrinesystem 1
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system and hormones. It discusses the discovery of hormones in 1902 by Bayliss and Starling. It defines hormones and describes the principal functions of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis, growth, development, and reproduction. It compares the endocrine and nervous systems and describes different types of cell signaling. It provides details on the major endocrine glands and hormones, hormone classification, mechanisms of hormone action, and feedback control of hormone secretion.
Adrenal cortex ppt
The adrenal gland consists of an outer cortex and inner medulla. The cortex is divided into three zones - the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis - each secreting different hormones. The zona glomerulosa secretes mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, which regulate sodium and potassium levels. The zona fasciculata secretes glucocorticoids like cortisol, which influence carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. The zona reticularis secretes androgens such as testosterone and estrogen. Cholesterol from the bloodstream is converted within the adrenal cortex into various steroid hormones through a series of enzymatic
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The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate distant target cells and tissues. The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas and reproductive organs. Hormones communicate with target cells through membrane receptors or nuclear receptors and can influence cells even at low concentrations. Negative feedback loops precisely control hormone secretion levels. The pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands through releasing hormones and regulates body processes like growth, milk production, metabolism and reproduction.
Hormones
The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system and hormone signaling. It describes two main coordinating systems - the endocrine system which secretes hormones to regulate slower processes like growth and metabolism, and the nervous system which uses fast electrical signals. Hormones are classified by their range and effects. The endocrine system uses hormones to coordinate processes in the body and maintain homeostasis via feedback loops, such as insulin and glucagon regulating blood glucose levels. Disorders like diabetes occur when these regulatory processes are disrupted.
Endocrine system.pptx
The endocrine system uses hormones to regulate important bodily processes like reproduction, growth, metabolism, and homeostasis. Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands and circulated in the bloodstream to target organs. There are different types of hormones including proteins, peptides, steroids, and prostaglandins. Hormones bind to receptors on target cells and elicit responses like changes in cell permeability or protein synthesis. The levels of hormones in the bloodstream are maintained through a negative feedback loop where high hormone levels signal the glands to stop releasing more hormones.
Hormones of pituitary gland
The document summarizes the hormones of the pituitary gland. It discusses that the pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, controls other endocrine glands by secreting hormones. These hormones include growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, oxytocin, and vasopressin. It provides details on the function and regulation of each hormone. Common diseases associated with hormonal imbalances are also mentioned.
Pituitary Hormones Dentistry 2010 Female
The document summarizes the hormones produced by the anterior and posterior pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary produces hormones that target various endocrine glands like the thyroid and adrenals. It regulates processes like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The posterior pituitary stores and releases ADH and oxytocin, which are produced in the hypothalamus. ADH regulates fluid balance while oxytocin facilitates childbirth and breastfeeding.
Hormones
This document discusses hormones and their mechanisms of action. It describes the different types of hormones, including proteins/polypeptides, steroids, and derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine. It explains how hormones are synthesized, stored, transported in blood, and cleared from the blood. The mechanisms of action of both lipid-soluble and hydrophilic hormones are covered, including their interactions with receptors and use of second messenger systems. Methods for measuring hormone concentrations in blood, such as radioimmunoassay and ELISA, are also summarized.
Ant.Pitutary(1)
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system. It discusses how the endocrine system regulates long-term metabolic processes through the release of hormones, compared to the nervous system which handles short-term crisis response. It describes the different types of hormones based on whether they are freely circulating or bound to transport proteins. It also summarizes the major glands of the endocrine system including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries and testes; and the hormones they secrete including TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin, growth hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone.
Endocrinology and its applied physiology
This document provides an overview of endocrine system hormones. It begins with an introduction and outline. It then covers classifications of hormones, general considerations of hormones, functions of the endocrine system, and mechanisms of hormone action. Specific glands and their secretions are discussed, including the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, thyroid hormones, adrenal hormones, pancreatic hormones, and others. Measurement techniques for hormones are also summarized. Key aspects of several hormones like growth hormone, posterior pituitary hormones, and thyroid hormones are highlighted.
Molecular endocrine2
This document summarizes the biosynthesis of the main categories of hormones: peptides and proteins, steroids, amino acid derivatives, and fatty acid derivatives. It discusses the processes of gene transcription and translation that produce peptide hormones. It explains how steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol in the mitochondria, and their lipid solubility allows diffusion into target cells. Amino acid derivatives include thyroid hormones and catecholamines from tyrosine. Fatty acid derivatives include eicosanoids like prostaglandins. The document also summarizes the mechanisms of action for hydrophilic and lipophilic hormones, including cell surface receptors and nuclear receptors, and signal transduction pathways.
Anterior pituitary Hormones
This document discusses hormones and related drugs. It begins by defining hormones and describing their classification and sites of action. The major hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland are then discussed in detail, including growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. The mechanisms of action, regulation, and clinical uses of growth hormone are summarized. Somatostatin and its analogs octreotide and lanreotide, which inhibit growth hormone secretion, are also described.
Hormones 2015
Hormones are chemical substances produced by endocrine glands that alter the activity of target organs. There are two main types of glands - exocrine glands that secrete substances through ducts, and endocrine glands that secrete directly into the bloodstream. Key endocrine glands and their hormones are discussed, including the pancreas (insulin and glucagon), thyroid gland (thyroxine), and adrenal gland (adrenaline). Diabetes results from insufficient insulin production, leading to high blood glucose levels. Insulin regulates blood glucose levels by stimulating glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Adrenaline is released during stress and prepares the body for fight or flight through various effects like increased heart rate
Peptide therapeutics
This document summarizes research on therapeutic peptides, including their history, development trends, and future directions. It provides an overview of a dataset on therapeutic peptides in clinical studies, covering their physical characteristics, molecular targets, therapeutic uses, and development status. The majority of peptides in development target G-protein coupled receptors and have applications in metabolic disease, oncology, and cardiovascular disease. While peptides once faced challenges like short half-life, research is overcoming these limitations through modified peptides and conjugates with improved properties. The future of peptides in medicine remains promising as the field explores new targets and applications.
Anterior pituitary hormones
This note will be helpful for Pharmacy Students searching for analogues and inhibitors of various hormones in human body.
- anterior Pituitary hormones
- hormone functions
-inhibitors
-similar working drugs
-one day assignment size
the regulation of hormone secretion
The document discusses various releasing hormones including corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). These releasing hormones are produced by the hypothalamus and stimulate the secretion of other hormones from the anterior pituitary gland, including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and growth hormone (GH). The releasing hormones play an important role in stress response, metabolism, reproduction, and postnatal growth.
7.3 translation
IB Biology HL topic 7.3 Translation Presentation for the new syllabus first exams 2016. Images from the Biology Course Companion have been removed because I do not have permission to reuse them.
7.1 dna structure & replication
DNA is a double-stranded helix that can be replicated semi-conservatively, with each new strand pairing with an existing "old" strand. This allows DNA to be copied and passed on to future generations of cells. While DNA is highly stable, its double helix structure allows it to be efficiently replicated through base pairing between strands.
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Hormonal regulation
Hormones act through receptor-mediated pathways. They bind to receptors on target cells and induce responses. There are several types of hormone receptors, including cell surface receptors like G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors, as well as intracellular/nuclear receptors found within cells. Hormones are synthesized in various glands and organs throughout the body, then travel through the bloodstream to target tissues to exert their effects, such as regulating metabolism, growth, and development. Hormone receptors trigger intracellular signaling cascades that alter cellular functions. Antagonists can block hormone receptors to inhibit their actions.
Anterior pitutary hormones
This document discusses various anterior pituitary hormones including growth hormone, prolactin, gonadotropins, and their regulation and physiological functions. It describes how growth hormone is regulated by GHRH and GHIH from the hypothalamus and its roles in growth and metabolism. Prolactin is regulated by hypothalamic factors and stimulates breast development and lactation. Gonadotropins FSH and LH are regulated by GnRH and control reproduction. Disturbances in these hormones can cause various clinical conditions.
Hormones
Hormones are signaling molecules produced by glands that are transported via bloodstream to target distant organs to regulate physiology. They are classified as proteinaceous (peptide) hormones or non-proteinaceous (steroid) hormones. Some important peptide hormones include insulin which regulates carbohydrate and fat metabolism, glucagon which raises blood sugar levels, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) which regulates glucocorticoid secretion, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) which regulates water retention, oxytocin which causes uterine contraction and lactation, and prolactin which promotes milk production. Each hormone has specific functions, and deficiencies or excesses can result in various diseases treated through medication or manipulating hormone levels.
hormone of gonad
The growth hormone is produced by somatotropes cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Its release is regulated by growth hormone releasing hormone and growth hormone release inhibiting hormone from the hypothalamus. Growth hormone promotes growth and influences metabolism. Deficiencies cause dwarfism while overproduction causes gigantism or acromegaly. The gonads produce sex hormones and germ cells. Androgens are produced in males and influence physiological functions and metabolism. Estrogens are predominantly ovarian hormones and influence the menstrual cycle and female development. Progesterone is required for pregnancy and influences the uterus and mammary glands.
\Endocrinesystem 1
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system and hormones. It discusses the discovery of hormones in 1902 by Bayliss and Starling. It defines hormones and describes the principal functions of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis, growth, development, and reproduction. It compares the endocrine and nervous systems and describes different types of cell signaling. It provides details on the major endocrine glands and hormones, hormone classification, mechanisms of hormone action, and feedback control of hormone secretion.
Adrenal cortex ppt
The adrenal gland consists of an outer cortex and inner medulla. The cortex is divided into three zones - the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis - each secreting different hormones. The zona glomerulosa secretes mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, which regulate sodium and potassium levels. The zona fasciculata secretes glucocorticoids like cortisol, which influence carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. The zona reticularis secretes androgens such as testosterone and estrogen. Cholesterol from the bloodstream is converted within the adrenal cortex into various steroid hormones through a series of enzymatic
Ch11
The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate distant target cells and tissues. The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas and reproductive organs. Hormones communicate with target cells through membrane receptors or nuclear receptors and can influence cells even at low concentrations. Negative feedback loops precisely control hormone secretion levels. The pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands through releasing hormones and regulates body processes like growth, milk production, metabolism and reproduction.
Hormones
The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system and hormone signaling. It describes two main coordinating systems - the endocrine system which secretes hormones to regulate slower processes like growth and metabolism, and the nervous system which uses fast electrical signals. Hormones are classified by their range and effects. The endocrine system uses hormones to coordinate processes in the body and maintain homeostasis via feedback loops, such as insulin and glucagon regulating blood glucose levels. Disorders like diabetes occur when these regulatory processes are disrupted.
Endocrine system.pptx
The endocrine system uses hormones to regulate important bodily processes like reproduction, growth, metabolism, and homeostasis. Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands and circulated in the bloodstream to target organs. There are different types of hormones including proteins, peptides, steroids, and prostaglandins. Hormones bind to receptors on target cells and elicit responses like changes in cell permeability or protein synthesis. The levels of hormones in the bloodstream are maintained through a negative feedback loop where high hormone levels signal the glands to stop releasing more hormones.
Hormones of pituitary gland
The document summarizes the hormones of the pituitary gland. It discusses that the pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, controls other endocrine glands by secreting hormones. These hormones include growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, oxytocin, and vasopressin. It provides details on the function and regulation of each hormone. Common diseases associated with hormonal imbalances are also mentioned.
Pituitary Hormones Dentistry 2010 Female
The document summarizes the hormones produced by the anterior and posterior pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary produces hormones that target various endocrine glands like the thyroid and adrenals. It regulates processes like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The posterior pituitary stores and releases ADH and oxytocin, which are produced in the hypothalamus. ADH regulates fluid balance while oxytocin facilitates childbirth and breastfeeding.
Hormones
This document discusses hormones and their mechanisms of action. It describes the different types of hormones, including proteins/polypeptides, steroids, and derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine. It explains how hormones are synthesized, stored, transported in blood, and cleared from the blood. The mechanisms of action of both lipid-soluble and hydrophilic hormones are covered, including their interactions with receptors and use of second messenger systems. Methods for measuring hormone concentrations in blood, such as radioimmunoassay and ELISA, are also summarized.
Ant.Pitutary(1)
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system. It discusses how the endocrine system regulates long-term metabolic processes through the release of hormones, compared to the nervous system which handles short-term crisis response. It describes the different types of hormones based on whether they are freely circulating or bound to transport proteins. It also summarizes the major glands of the endocrine system including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries and testes; and the hormones they secrete including TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin, growth hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone.
Endocrinology and its applied physiology
This document provides an overview of endocrine system hormones. It begins with an introduction and outline. It then covers classifications of hormones, general considerations of hormones, functions of the endocrine system, and mechanisms of hormone action. Specific glands and their secretions are discussed, including the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, thyroid hormones, adrenal hormones, pancreatic hormones, and others. Measurement techniques for hormones are also summarized. Key aspects of several hormones like growth hormone, posterior pituitary hormones, and thyroid hormones are highlighted.
Molecular endocrine2
This document summarizes the biosynthesis of the main categories of hormones: peptides and proteins, steroids, amino acid derivatives, and fatty acid derivatives. It discusses the processes of gene transcription and translation that produce peptide hormones. It explains how steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol in the mitochondria, and their lipid solubility allows diffusion into target cells. Amino acid derivatives include thyroid hormones and catecholamines from tyrosine. Fatty acid derivatives include eicosanoids like prostaglandins. The document also summarizes the mechanisms of action for hydrophilic and lipophilic hormones, including cell surface receptors and nuclear receptors, and signal transduction pathways.
Anterior pituitary Hormones
This document discusses hormones and related drugs. It begins by defining hormones and describing their classification and sites of action. The major hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland are then discussed in detail, including growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. The mechanisms of action, regulation, and clinical uses of growth hormone are summarized. Somatostatin and its analogs octreotide and lanreotide, which inhibit growth hormone secretion, are also described.
Hormones 2015
Hormones are chemical substances produced by endocrine glands that alter the activity of target organs. There are two main types of glands - exocrine glands that secrete substances through ducts, and endocrine glands that secrete directly into the bloodstream. Key endocrine glands and their hormones are discussed, including the pancreas (insulin and glucagon), thyroid gland (thyroxine), and adrenal gland (adrenaline). Diabetes results from insufficient insulin production, leading to high blood glucose levels. Insulin regulates blood glucose levels by stimulating glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Adrenaline is released during stress and prepares the body for fight or flight through various effects like increased heart rate
Peptide therapeutics
This document summarizes research on therapeutic peptides, including their history, development trends, and future directions. It provides an overview of a dataset on therapeutic peptides in clinical studies, covering their physical characteristics, molecular targets, therapeutic uses, and development status. The majority of peptides in development target G-protein coupled receptors and have applications in metabolic disease, oncology, and cardiovascular disease. While peptides once faced challenges like short half-life, research is overcoming these limitations through modified peptides and conjugates with improved properties. The future of peptides in medicine remains promising as the field explores new targets and applications.
Anterior pituitary hormones
This note will be helpful for Pharmacy Students searching for analogues and inhibitors of various hormones in human body.
- anterior Pituitary hormones
- hormone functions
-inhibitors
-similar working drugs
-one day assignment size
the regulation of hormone secretion
The document discusses various releasing hormones including corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). These releasing hormones are produced by the hypothalamus and stimulate the secretion of other hormones from the anterior pituitary gland, including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and growth hormone (GH). The releasing hormones play an important role in stress response, metabolism, reproduction, and postnatal growth.
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2. Hormones act through push-me pull-you systems to maintain homeostasis. Examples include calcium regulation by parathyroid hormone and catecholamine release in response to the sympathetic nervous system.
3. The document defines and provides examples of different modes of hormone action: autocrine, paracrine, juxtacrine, and endocrine. It also describes the major hormone precursors and the types of hormones they
Adrenal Gland Lecture (2).ppt
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35. Nisha Jagtap Als.pptx
The document summarizes a seminar report presented by Miss Nisha Jagtap on anterior pituitary hormones and their antagonists. It discusses the basic concepts of endocrinology and defines hormones. It describes the pituitary gland and its types of hormones. The major anterior pituitary hormones discussed are growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone. It explains the functions, uses, and adverse effects of these hormones as well as inhibitors of their actions.
Hormons of endocrain in body of humen pat
The document discusses hormones and the endocrine system. It provides an overview of endocrinology and defines key terms like glands and hormones. It then describes the major endocrine glands like the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and sex glands. The relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary is explained. The hormones produced by the pituitary gland and their functions are also summarized.
Endocrine Glands; Secretion&Action Of Harmones
The document summarizes key aspects of endocrine glands and hormones. It describes how hormones are secreted into the blood and carried to target cells containing receptor proteins. Hormones affect metabolism in target organs and help regulate body processes. The major types of hormones include amines, polypeptides, proteins, lipids, and glycoproteins. Hormones can act through nuclear receptors, second messengers, or tyrosine kinase pathways to produce effects in target cells. The pituitary gland contains anterior and posterior lobes that secrete trophic and other hormones important for regulation.
Endocrine Glands; Secretion&Action Of Harmones
The document summarizes key aspects of endocrine glands and hormones. It describes how endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to target distant cells. Hormones can be classified based on their chemical structure as amines, polypeptides, lipids, glycoproteins, or prohormones/prehormones. Hormones act through nuclear receptors, second messengers, or tyrosine kinase pathways to regulate metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pancreatic glands are described in terms of their hormone secretions and functions.
Evaluation of the changes in the gene CYP3A4 expression in HepG2 cells under ...
This study evaluated the effects of rifampicin and alpha-ketoglutarate on expression of the CYP3A4 gene in HepG2 liver cells. HepG2 cells were treated with either 10mM rifampicin or 4mM alpha-ketoglutarate for 7 days. RNA was extracted on days 0, 3, and 7 and analyzed via qPCR. Rifampicin treatment significantly increased CYP3A4 expression, peaking on day 3 and decreasing slightly by day 7. Alpha-ketoglutarate initially decreased CYP3A4 expression for the first 3 days but then increased expression levels. The study demonstrates that rifampicin and alpha-ket
Updated lecture 11 growth hormone 2021
This document discusses the anterior pituitary gland and growth hormone. It begins by listing the objectives which are to describe the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary, discuss the physiological actions of growth hormone, outline the role of somatomedins as mediators of growth hormone action, describe the mechanisms regulating GH production and release, describe the actions of somatostatin in relation to GH control, and correlate this knowledge to clinical conditions related to hypo- and hyper-growth hormone. The document then provides details on each anterior pituitary hormone, the stimuli and inhibitors of GH secretion, GH mechanisms of action, effects of excess and deficient GH, and examples of clinical conditions like gigantism, acromegaly, and dwarfism.
hormone.pptx
in this slide u are able to well known about the introduction of hormones.
categories, classification, function, structure, regulation, location, mechanism of action, how hormone regulates our body function, how it maintains the homeostasis condition.
structure of hormones.
Drugs Used In Disorders of the Reproductive System
The document discusses the pharmacology of gonadal hormones including estrogens, progestins, and androgens. It covers their physiological actions, pharmacological effects, clinical uses, and adverse effects. Specific drugs are also mentioned including various oral contraceptives containing combinations of estrogens and progestins. The organization and function of the reproductive system is reviewed, focusing on how hormones like estrogen and testosterone are regulated through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and influence processes like the menstrual cycle.
Anterior pituitary hormone analogues & inhibitors
Anterior Pituitary Hormone: Analogues & Inhibitors, Snehal S. signalling molecules. Chakorkar , Anterior gland: Posterior gland
Growth hormone (GH),
Prolactine (Prl),
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, Corticotropin),
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH, Thyrotropin),
Gonadotropins- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) & Luteinizing hormone (LH).
Oxytocin,
Antidiuretic hoemone (ADH, Vasopressin)
Somatotropes (GH),
Lactotropes (Prolatine).
Basophils: Gonadotropes (FSH & LH),
Thyrotropes (TSH),
Corticotrope-lipo-tropes (ACTH).
TESTOSTERONE
Testosterone is produced in the testes and is responsible for male sexual development and function. It regulates spermatogenesis, muscle growth, bone growth, and other physiological processes. Levels are controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland through LH secretion. Semen analysis evaluates semen volume, pH, viscosity, and the presence of secretions from testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands. Cryptorchidism is the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum, which can impair fertility if not surgically corrected. Castration before puberty prevents sexual maturation and function, while after puberty secondary sex characteristics remain but sexual desire and function
EJSR-133-4-06
1) The study examined the effects of the antidepressant citalopram on male mice, specifically on sperm motility, count, viability, and levels of testosterone, LH, and FSH.
2) The mice were divided into groups receiving different doses of citalopram orally for 7 weeks. Sperm analysis and hormone level testing was then conducted.
3) The results showed that citalopram did not significantly affect sperm count or viability but did reduce sperm motility. It also did not significantly alter LH, FSH, or testosterone levels.
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D5 hormones and metabolism notes
- 1. D5: Hormones & Metabolism Createdby Darren Aherne at IGB InternationalSchool, licensed undertheCreative Commons 4.0International License. 1 Essential Idea:Hormonesare notsecretedata uniformrate and exerttheireffectatlow concentrations. D.5 U1 Endocrine glandssecrete hormonesdirectlyintothe bloodstream. D.5 U2 Steroidhormonesbindtoreceptorproteinsinthe cytoplasmof the targetcell toforma receptor–hormone complex. D.5 U3 The receptor–hormone complexpromotesthe transcriptionof specificgenes. D.5 U4 Peptide hormonesbindtoreceptorsinthe plasmamembrane of the targetcell. D.5 U5 Bindingof hormonestomembrane receptorsactivatesacascade mediatedbya second messengerinside the cell. D.5 U6 The hypothalamuscontrolshormone secretionbythe anteriorandposteriorlobesof the pituitarygland. D.5 U7 Hormonessecretedbythe pituitarycontrol growth,developmental changes, reproductionandhomeostasis D.5 A1 Application:Some athletestake growthhormonestobuildmuscles. D.5 A2 Application:Control of milksecretionbyoxytocinandprolactin. Nature of Science:Cooperationandcollaborationbetween groupsof scientists—theInternational Council forthe Control of Iodine DeficiencyDisordersincludesanumberof scientistswhoworkto eliminatethe harmdone byiodine deficiency.(4.3) D5 U1: Endocrine glandssecrete hormonesdirectlyintothe bloodstream. 1. Distinguishbetweenexocrineglandsandendocrineglands. 2. State 3 typesof endocrine hormonesandgive examplesof each Types of endocrine hormones Examples 3. Define hormone &outline whattypesof substancestheycanbe. D5 U2: Steroidhormonesbindtoreceptorproteinsinthe cytoplasmof the targetcell toforma receptor–hormone complex. D5 U3: The receptor–hormone complex promotesthe transcriptionof specificgenes. 4. Outline howsteroidhormonescanreachreceptorsinthe cytoplasmof cells.
- 2. D5: Hormones & Metabolism Createdby Darren Aherne at IGB InternationalSchool, licensed undertheCreative Commons 4.0International License. 2 5. Revision topic 7.2: Explainhowthe expressionof the lacoperongene isregulated. 6. Describe howsteroidscanaffectthe productionof specificproteinsintargetcells. 7. Outline whyhormonesare notreleasedata continuousrate. D5 U4: Peptide hormonesbindtoreceptorsinthe plasmamembrane of the targetcell. D5 U5: Bindingof hormonestomembrane receptorsactivatesacascade mediatedbyasecond messengerinside the cell. 8. Outline whypeptide hormones(akaproteinorpolypeptide hormones) bindtoreceptorson the target cell surface membrane. 9. What iscyclic AMP (cAMP) andwhat isits role incells? 10. Describe,usingthe example of cAMP,how the bingingof a peptide hormonetoa receptor of the cell surface membrane causesacascade inside the cell.
- 3. D5: Hormones & Metabolism Createdby Darren Aherne at IGB InternationalSchool, licensed undertheCreative Commons 4.0International License. 3 * yellowshadingindicateshormonesreleasedfromposteriorlobe,bluefromanteriorlobe D5 U6: The hypothalamuscontrolshormonesecretionbythe anteriorandposteriorlobesof the pituitarygland. D5 U7: Hormonessecretedbythe pituitarycontrol growth,developmental changes, reproduction and homeostasis. 11. State where the hypothalamusandpituitaryglandare located? 12. State the target tissuesandoutline the effectsof the followingpituitaryhormones. Hormone Main Target Effect ADH (anti- diuretic hormone) Oxytocin ACTH (adeno- corticotropic hormone) GH (growth hormone) TSH ( thyroid stimulating hormone Prolactin FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) LH (luteinizing hormone)
- 4. D5: Hormones & Metabolism Createdby Darren Aherne at IGB InternationalSchool, licensed undertheCreative Commons 4.0International License. 4 13. Explain,usingthe hypothalamus&hormones,how bloodpressure & urine productionis regulated.Howisthisan example of homeostasisandnegative feedback? 14. State what typesof hormonesare releasedfromthe posteriorlobe of the pituitarygland (steroid,peptide,ortyrosine derivatives). 15. Outline howhormonesfromthe posteriorlobe of the pituitaryglandare secreted. 16. Outline howhormonesfromthe anteriorlobeof the pituitaryglandare secreted. D5 A1: Application:Some athletestake growthhormonestobuildmuscles. 17. Discussthe use of growthhormonesbyathletestobuildmuscle.(Whatdoesthe command termdiscuss ask you to do?)
- 5. D5: Hormones & Metabolism Createdby Darren Aherne at IGB InternationalSchool, licensed undertheCreative Commons 4.0International License. 5 D5 A2: Application:Control of milksecretionbyoxytocinandprolactin. 18. Outline whymilkisonlyproducedatcertaintimesandnotothers. 19. Describe the role of estrogen,prolactin,&oxytocininthe productionof milk. Nature of Science: Cooperationandcollaborationbetweengroupsof scientists—theInternational Council forthe Control of Iodine DeficiencyDisordersincludesanumberof scientistswhoworkto eliminatethe harmdone byiodine deficiency.(4.3) 20. Why isiodine neededinthe diet? 21. What are the effectsof iodine deficiency? 22. How isiodine deficiencyprevented? 23. How doesthe ICCIDDan example of internationalcooperation&collaboration?