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EFFECT OF ZN CONCENTRATION ON STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPRIETIES OF ZNO THIN ...AEIJjournal2
ZnO thin film were deposited by spray pyrolysis on glass substrates, using zinc nitrate as precursor with
different molar concentrations varying from 0.05M to 0.2 M. To study the structural proprieties of the film ,
the different technique was used as the X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman
scattering , and FTIR . The optical properties were explored by transmission, reflectivity and
Photoluminescence techniques. The ZnO thin films obtained in this paper are polycrystallines, the grain
size increases when the molar concentration of Zn precursor was increasing. The films are transparent in
visible region, this transmission values decreases when the molar concentration increase caused by the
increasing of surface roughness
This paper reports the effect of the different deposition methods towards the ZnO nanostructure crystal quality and film thickness on the polyimide substrate. The ZnO film has been deposited by using the spray pyrolysis technique, sol-gel and RF Sputtering. Different methods give a different nanostructure of the ZnO thin film. Sol gel methods, results of nanoflowers ZnO thin film with the thickness of thin film is 600nm. It also produces the best of the piezoelectric effect in term of electrical performance, which is 5.0 V and 12 MHz of frequency which is higher than other frequency obtained by spray pyrolysis and RF sputtering.
Spectroscopic properties of lithium borate glass containing Sm3+ and Nd3+ ionsIJAAS Team
Lithium borate glass samples mixed with a different concentration of Sm3+ and Nd3+ ions organized by quenching technique. Structural, vibration groups and spectral properties of glass samples investigated using X-ray diffraction, FTIR, UV/Vis/NIR and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The X-ray confirmed the lithium borate glass samples containing Sm3+ and Nd3+ ions in the amorphous state. Luminescence spectra of glass samples excited at 400 nm recorded, here three luminescence bands observed in Visible region, which due to spectra materials (Sm3+, Nd3+). These indicate that these glass samples responsible orange emission and used in the improvement of materials for LED, and optical devices. The functional vibration groups of the glass matrix studied using FTIR spectroscopy.
An Investigation of SILAR Grown Cobalt Selenide Thin Films IIJSRJournal
Nowadays, several deposition techniques have been used to produce thin film materials. The obtained films were characterized by using different tools. These semiconductor materials could be employed in solar cell, laser devices and opto-electronic devices. The main objective of this work is to produce cobalt selenide thin films through successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. Advantages of this method include simple procedures, inexpensive equipment, it does not need expensive vacuum system and high quality substrate. During the deposition process, the films were deposited onto soda lime glass under various anionic bath immersion times. The properties of the films were studied for the first time via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV-visible spectrophotometer. Based on the FESEM analysis, uniform morphology could be observed for the sample produced for 30 seconds (anionic immersion time). The band gap was about 2.6 eV and the optical transmission increased in the visible region could be detected for these samples.
EFFECT OF ZN CONCENTRATION ON STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPRIETIES OF ZNO THIN ...AEIJjournal2
ZnO thin film were deposited by spray pyrolysis on glass substrates, using zinc nitrate as precursor with
different molar concentrations varying from 0.05M to 0.2 M. To study the structural proprieties of the film ,
the different technique was used as the X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman
scattering , and FTIR . The optical properties were explored by transmission, reflectivity and
Photoluminescence techniques. The ZnO thin films obtained in this paper are polycrystallines, the grain
size increases when the molar concentration of Zn precursor was increasing. The films are transparent in
visible region, this transmission values decreases when the molar concentration increase caused by the
increasing of surface roughness
This paper reports the effect of the different deposition methods towards the ZnO nanostructure crystal quality and film thickness on the polyimide substrate. The ZnO film has been deposited by using the spray pyrolysis technique, sol-gel and RF Sputtering. Different methods give a different nanostructure of the ZnO thin film. Sol gel methods, results of nanoflowers ZnO thin film with the thickness of thin film is 600nm. It also produces the best of the piezoelectric effect in term of electrical performance, which is 5.0 V and 12 MHz of frequency which is higher than other frequency obtained by spray pyrolysis and RF sputtering.
Spectroscopic properties of lithium borate glass containing Sm3+ and Nd3+ ionsIJAAS Team
Lithium borate glass samples mixed with a different concentration of Sm3+ and Nd3+ ions organized by quenching technique. Structural, vibration groups and spectral properties of glass samples investigated using X-ray diffraction, FTIR, UV/Vis/NIR and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The X-ray confirmed the lithium borate glass samples containing Sm3+ and Nd3+ ions in the amorphous state. Luminescence spectra of glass samples excited at 400 nm recorded, here three luminescence bands observed in Visible region, which due to spectra materials (Sm3+, Nd3+). These indicate that these glass samples responsible orange emission and used in the improvement of materials for LED, and optical devices. The functional vibration groups of the glass matrix studied using FTIR spectroscopy.
An Investigation of SILAR Grown Cobalt Selenide Thin Films IIJSRJournal
Nowadays, several deposition techniques have been used to produce thin film materials. The obtained films were characterized by using different tools. These semiconductor materials could be employed in solar cell, laser devices and opto-electronic devices. The main objective of this work is to produce cobalt selenide thin films through successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. Advantages of this method include simple procedures, inexpensive equipment, it does not need expensive vacuum system and high quality substrate. During the deposition process, the films were deposited onto soda lime glass under various anionic bath immersion times. The properties of the films were studied for the first time via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV-visible spectrophotometer. Based on the FESEM analysis, uniform morphology could be observed for the sample produced for 30 seconds (anionic immersion time). The band gap was about 2.6 eV and the optical transmission increased in the visible region could be detected for these samples.
Effect of Sn Doping on Structural and Electrical Properties of ZnO Thin Films...journal ijrtem
Abstract: Un-doped and tin (Sn) doped ZnO films were deposited on heated glass substrates by chemical spray pyrolysis method
(CSP). The effect of Sn concentration on the structural, surface morphological and electrical properties of the SnO2 films was
investigated. XRD analyses showed that the obtained films are polycrystalline in nature with hexagonal structure with preferred
orientation of (101). Doping with tin (Sn) causes increase in the grain size. Atomic force microscopy images showed that the root
mean square of the average surface roughness's varied from (1.48 to 3.58) as dopant concentration increased from 0 to 5 wt.%. The
electrical properties of the Sn ZnO films were strongly influenced by doping concentration. The electrical resistance of the films was
sharply decreased as dopant concentration increased.
Keywords: (ZnO) thin films, Sn Doping, Structural and electrical Properties
DetermenationThe Porosity of CdS Thin Film by SeedFilling Algorithm ijsc
In this paper, we have prepared CdS thin films by chemical spray method on the substrates in (200C°)
and then we annealed the samples of thin film by oven heat in the temperature (250-400C°) and we took
images of the thin film membranes before and after annealing by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in
magnification (1000X). The acquisition image converted to binary image of multithresholdand then
applied image processing where used seed filling algorithm to analysis images and study the porosity on
the surfaces of thin films and that the annealing under different temperature works to reduce the ratioand
number of pores on the surface of the thin membrane.
Structural and Morphological Properties of Mn-Doped Co3O4 ThinFilm Deposited ...IJERA Editor
In this study, a series of manganese (Mn)-doped Cobalt oxide (Co3O4)thin films were deposited on steel substrate by the sol-gel spin coat method and investigated the influence of doping concentrations of Mn in Cobalt ranging from 0.001% to 1% on physical, structural and morphological properties of Co3O4 thin films. Cobalt acetate[(CH3COO)2Co.4H2O], Mn acetate [C4H6MnO4.4H2O] and Isopropyl alcohol were used as starting material, dopant source and reagent respectively.X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that pureCo3O4 thin film iscrystallinein nature andcubic phase with [400] preferential orientation.For Mn doped films, three new peaks corresponding to the planes [310], [320] and [420] of orthorhombic MnO2 phase were observed.SEM micrographs showed that incorporation of Mn in Co site was found to influence the surface morphology of the films. All the films showed tetragonal shaped grains. TheEDAXanalysis revealedthe amount of Mn element in the sample increased with increasing dopant concentration.
Just basics of mesoporous materials!!The Break through came around 1992 by both Japanese and Mobil scientist on the soft template based synthesis of mesoporous materials
Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles via aqueous solution, sol...iosrjce
ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by aqueous solution method, sol-gel method and hydrothermal
method.The synthesized particles were characterized by XRD ,SEM ,EDX and UV .The X-ray diffraction studies
reveals that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles have wurtzite structure and the particle size varies from 13 to 18
nm. Scanning Electron Microscopic investigation reveals that the surface morphology of ZnO nanoparticle is
spherical in hydrothermal process and varies to flower like arrangement in aqueous solution and sol-gel
process. The UV-Visible spectrum of the nanoparticles shows a blue shift compared to that of the bulk sample.
SIMONA CAVALU_Surface Modification of Alumina/ Zirconia Ceramics Upon Differe...Simona Cavalu
The aim of this study was to prepare and to characterize the structure of Al2O3–3YSZ composites with 5% TiO2 addition
as well as the surface modification upon treatments with SnF2 and NaBF4, respectively. SEM micrographs showed the
controlled densification of the composites as an effect of 3YSZ and TiO2 addition to alumina matrix. By FTIR and XRD,
the characteristics of Al-O and Zr-O vibrations, respectively, the diffractions lines related to a-corundum and zirconia in
tetragonal phase were discussed. Qualitative and quantitative results obtained by XPS and ATR FTIR demonstrated that the
proposed materials are more sensitive to SnF2 than to NaBF4 treatment.
Optical and surface properties of al doped ga2 o3 by elemental stack methodeSAT Journals
Abstract Al doped Ga2O3 thin film was prepared by stacking of Al thin film on Ga2O3 thin film using thermal evaporator. The doping process was carried out by post annealing process at three different temperatures. The absorbance spectra revealed the Al doping process and showed low absorbance at high annealing temperature. Scanning Electron Microscope images were the evidence of surface effect due to Al diffuses at high annealing temperature (> 400°C). Energy Dispersive Spectra showed the changes in the elemental composition of Al doped Ga2O3 thin film for various annealing temperature and revealed Al diffusion by observed low Al content at the surface of the doped Ga2O3 thin film. Keywords: Ga2O3, Al doping, Optical properties, Surface analysis
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Synthesis and Characterization of High Quality Mesoporous Material SBA-16 wit...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Effect of Solvents on Size and Morphologies Of sno Nanoparticles via Chemical...Editor IJCATR
Stannous oxide (SnO) is an important functional material which contributes to a wide range of applications. In present
study, the SnO nanoparticles were synthesized using different solvents by chemical co-precipitation method. Different morphologies
of SnO nanoparticles have been obtained by different solvents. The size of SnO nanoparticles was estimated by powder X-ray
diffraction (PXRD) pattern and revealed that SnO crystallizes into tetragonal rutile phase. The chemical structural information of the
synthesized nanoparticles was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The prominent UV emission peak was
observed at 358 nm in the luminance spectra, studied by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The composition of the product SnO
nanoparticles could be determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the binding energies of O 1s and Sn 3d3/2 have been
found which are centered at 530 and 495 eV, respectively.
Effect of Temperature on Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of ...RSIS International
The Pure zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films of different substrate temperature have been prepared on well cleaned glass substrate by improved spray pyrolysis technique. The gross structure of the annealed films have been examined by X- ray diffraction (XRD) technique using powder X- ray diffractometer which reveals the enhancement of crystallinity with increase in the deposition temperature. Surface morphology of the synthesized ZnO thin films have been analyzed by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) which reveals average particle size of as synthesize ZnO thin films has been found to be 79 nm. The band gap as deposited ZnO have been examined by UV-Vis spectroscopy carried out in absorption mode by Double Beam UV- VIS Spectrophotometer with radiations in the range of 훌= 190 nm to 1100 nm which is in the range of 3.03 eV to 3.16 eV.
Effect of Sn Doping on Structural and Electrical Properties of ZnO Thin Films...journal ijrtem
Abstract: Un-doped and tin (Sn) doped ZnO films were deposited on heated glass substrates by chemical spray pyrolysis method
(CSP). The effect of Sn concentration on the structural, surface morphological and electrical properties of the SnO2 films was
investigated. XRD analyses showed that the obtained films are polycrystalline in nature with hexagonal structure with preferred
orientation of (101). Doping with tin (Sn) causes increase in the grain size. Atomic force microscopy images showed that the root
mean square of the average surface roughness's varied from (1.48 to 3.58) as dopant concentration increased from 0 to 5 wt.%. The
electrical properties of the Sn ZnO films were strongly influenced by doping concentration. The electrical resistance of the films was
sharply decreased as dopant concentration increased.
Keywords: (ZnO) thin films, Sn Doping, Structural and electrical Properties
DetermenationThe Porosity of CdS Thin Film by SeedFilling Algorithm ijsc
In this paper, we have prepared CdS thin films by chemical spray method on the substrates in (200C°)
and then we annealed the samples of thin film by oven heat in the temperature (250-400C°) and we took
images of the thin film membranes before and after annealing by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in
magnification (1000X). The acquisition image converted to binary image of multithresholdand then
applied image processing where used seed filling algorithm to analysis images and study the porosity on
the surfaces of thin films and that the annealing under different temperature works to reduce the ratioand
number of pores on the surface of the thin membrane.
Structural and Morphological Properties of Mn-Doped Co3O4 ThinFilm Deposited ...IJERA Editor
In this study, a series of manganese (Mn)-doped Cobalt oxide (Co3O4)thin films were deposited on steel substrate by the sol-gel spin coat method and investigated the influence of doping concentrations of Mn in Cobalt ranging from 0.001% to 1% on physical, structural and morphological properties of Co3O4 thin films. Cobalt acetate[(CH3COO)2Co.4H2O], Mn acetate [C4H6MnO4.4H2O] and Isopropyl alcohol were used as starting material, dopant source and reagent respectively.X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that pureCo3O4 thin film iscrystallinein nature andcubic phase with [400] preferential orientation.For Mn doped films, three new peaks corresponding to the planes [310], [320] and [420] of orthorhombic MnO2 phase were observed.SEM micrographs showed that incorporation of Mn in Co site was found to influence the surface morphology of the films. All the films showed tetragonal shaped grains. TheEDAXanalysis revealedthe amount of Mn element in the sample increased with increasing dopant concentration.
Just basics of mesoporous materials!!The Break through came around 1992 by both Japanese and Mobil scientist on the soft template based synthesis of mesoporous materials
Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles via aqueous solution, sol...iosrjce
ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by aqueous solution method, sol-gel method and hydrothermal
method.The synthesized particles were characterized by XRD ,SEM ,EDX and UV .The X-ray diffraction studies
reveals that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles have wurtzite structure and the particle size varies from 13 to 18
nm. Scanning Electron Microscopic investigation reveals that the surface morphology of ZnO nanoparticle is
spherical in hydrothermal process and varies to flower like arrangement in aqueous solution and sol-gel
process. The UV-Visible spectrum of the nanoparticles shows a blue shift compared to that of the bulk sample.
SIMONA CAVALU_Surface Modification of Alumina/ Zirconia Ceramics Upon Differe...Simona Cavalu
The aim of this study was to prepare and to characterize the structure of Al2O3–3YSZ composites with 5% TiO2 addition
as well as the surface modification upon treatments with SnF2 and NaBF4, respectively. SEM micrographs showed the
controlled densification of the composites as an effect of 3YSZ and TiO2 addition to alumina matrix. By FTIR and XRD,
the characteristics of Al-O and Zr-O vibrations, respectively, the diffractions lines related to a-corundum and zirconia in
tetragonal phase were discussed. Qualitative and quantitative results obtained by XPS and ATR FTIR demonstrated that the
proposed materials are more sensitive to SnF2 than to NaBF4 treatment.
Optical and surface properties of al doped ga2 o3 by elemental stack methodeSAT Journals
Abstract Al doped Ga2O3 thin film was prepared by stacking of Al thin film on Ga2O3 thin film using thermal evaporator. The doping process was carried out by post annealing process at three different temperatures. The absorbance spectra revealed the Al doping process and showed low absorbance at high annealing temperature. Scanning Electron Microscope images were the evidence of surface effect due to Al diffuses at high annealing temperature (> 400°C). Energy Dispersive Spectra showed the changes in the elemental composition of Al doped Ga2O3 thin film for various annealing temperature and revealed Al diffusion by observed low Al content at the surface of the doped Ga2O3 thin film. Keywords: Ga2O3, Al doping, Optical properties, Surface analysis
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Synthesis and Characterization of High Quality Mesoporous Material SBA-16 wit...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Effect of Solvents on Size and Morphologies Of sno Nanoparticles via Chemical...Editor IJCATR
Stannous oxide (SnO) is an important functional material which contributes to a wide range of applications. In present
study, the SnO nanoparticles were synthesized using different solvents by chemical co-precipitation method. Different morphologies
of SnO nanoparticles have been obtained by different solvents. The size of SnO nanoparticles was estimated by powder X-ray
diffraction (PXRD) pattern and revealed that SnO crystallizes into tetragonal rutile phase. The chemical structural information of the
synthesized nanoparticles was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The prominent UV emission peak was
observed at 358 nm in the luminance spectra, studied by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The composition of the product SnO
nanoparticles could be determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the binding energies of O 1s and Sn 3d3/2 have been
found which are centered at 530 and 495 eV, respectively.
Effect of Temperature on Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of ...RSIS International
The Pure zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films of different substrate temperature have been prepared on well cleaned glass substrate by improved spray pyrolysis technique. The gross structure of the annealed films have been examined by X- ray diffraction (XRD) technique using powder X- ray diffractometer which reveals the enhancement of crystallinity with increase in the deposition temperature. Surface morphology of the synthesized ZnO thin films have been analyzed by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) which reveals average particle size of as synthesize ZnO thin films has been found to be 79 nm. The band gap as deposited ZnO have been examined by UV-Vis spectroscopy carried out in absorption mode by Double Beam UV- VIS Spectrophotometer with radiations in the range of 훌= 190 nm to 1100 nm which is in the range of 3.03 eV to 3.16 eV.
Effect of Zn Concentration On Structural and Optical Proprieties Of ZNO Thin ...AEIJjournal2
ZnO thin film were deposited by spray pyrolysis on glass substrates, using zinc nitrate as precursor with
different molar concentrations varying from 0.05M to 0.2 M. To study the structural proprieties of the film ,
the different technique was used as the X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman
scattering , and FTIR . The optical properties were explored by transmission, reflectivity and
Photoluminescence techniques. The ZnO thin films obtained in this paper are polycrystallines, the grain
size increases when the molar concentration of Zn precursor was increasing. The films are transparent in
visible region, this transmission values decreases when the molar concentration increase caused by the
increasing of surface roughness
Preparation and Properties of Nanocrystalline Zinc Oxide Thin Filmsijtsrd
Metal oxide is highly important material which possesses many unique optical and electrical properties for applications in many areas such as Solar cells, Gas sensors and so on. With the development of research and applications of Metal oxide thin films, research results are verified that the morphology of Metal oxide thin films are plays an important role in applications of these films. Variety of morphologies, complex structure has been developed by physical or chemical methods. However the work on controlled growth of these films is still in developing state. Therefore in present work we deposited ZnS and ZnO metal oxides thin films on different substrates by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique. Structural, Surface Morphology and Optical properties of as deposited films were investigated by XRD, SEM, and UV VIS Spectrophotometer. The band gap is also calculated from the equation relating absorption co efficient to wavelength. The band gap indicates the film is transmitting within the visible range and the band gaps changes because of the grain size of the films. We also observed that, the change in preparative parameters affects the deposition rate of thin films. From the observation, it is clear that the growth rate increases as the deposition temperature, increases. S. S. Kawar "Preparation and Properties of Nanocrystalline Zinc Oxide Thin Films" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31623.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/nanotechnology/31623/preparation-and-properties-of-nanocrystalline-zinc-oxide-thin-films/s-s-kawar
This is a power point presentation of project work on preparing Zinc oxide thin films by using SILAR technique and CBD technique and studying its characteristics.
Studies on in-Doped Zno Transparent Conducting thin FilmsIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: In this manuscript we have investigated the influences of indium dopants on zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films regarding physico-chemical properties for application in modern conducting devices. As a starting material, Indium (III) chloride, and Zn(CH3COO)2⋅2H2O were used. The complex TSDC spectrum was obtained by submitting the sample to a constant electrical field Ep = 10M V/m during 2 min at a varing polarization temperature of Tmax = 1500C. A minimal sheet resistance with electrical resistivity as low in the range of 10-3 Ω·cm was found for this thin film.
Morphological and Optical Study of Sol-Gel SpinCoated Nanostructured CdSThin ...iosrjce
Nanostructured CdS thin films of different thicknesses were deposited on a cleaned glass substrate
using sol-gel spin coating technique. CdS thin films were prepared using cadmium acetate as cadmium source
and thiourea as sulfur source. The Morphological, chemical composition, and optical properties of the spin- coated
CdS thin film were studied using field emission- scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy dispersive X –ray
(EDX) spectroscopy, and a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer.The morphological results revealed that the films consist
of agglomerated spherical CdS nanoparticles with diameter < 20 nm, which distributed uniformly on the substrate
surface.The films show high transmittance > 90% and very strong absorption edge at 295 nm.The absorption edge
shifts towards longer wavelength as the film thickness increased.
Transparent and Conducting TiO2 : Nb Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis T...arj_online
To date, only sputtering and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) techniques have been employed
successfully to fabricate highly conducting and transparent TiO2:Nb (TNO) films. In this article, we demonstrate
that transparent and conducting
TiO2
: Nb
films can be made by the spray pyrolysis technique. The films were
deposited on Corning 7059 glass substrates at 500
15˚C using an alcoholic precursor solution consisting of
titanium (iv) isopropoxide and
NbCl5
. The influence of increasing
Nb
concentration on the electrical, optical
and structural properties was investigated. The minimum resistivity, 3.36
-3 10
Ω cm, for
Ti1-xNbxO2
film (x
= 0.15) was obtained after 1 hour post deposition annealing in hydrogen atmosphere at 500˚C. The x-ray
diffraction of hydrogen annealed films showed a polycrystalline anatase (004)-oriented phase without any second
phases. The optical band gap for undoped and doped films lay in the range 3.38 – 3.47 eV. Using dispersion
analysis, optical constants were determined from spectro-photometric measurements for films on glass.
Influence of Thickness on Electrical and Structural Properties of Zinc Oxide ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films were prepared on corning (7059) glass substrates at a thickness of 75.5 and 130.5nm by RF sputtering technique. The deposition was carried out at room temperature after which the samples were annealed in open air at 1500C. The electrical and structural properties of these films were studied. The electrical properties of the films were monitored by four-point probe method while the structural properties were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the electrical resistance of the films decreases with increase in the thickness of the films. The XRD analysis of the films showed that the films have a peak located at 〖34.31^0-34.35〗^0with hkl (002). Other parameters calculated include the stress ( ) and the grain size (D).
Morphologies of c-si Solar cell - Targeting the approach with least light ref...JATIN KUMAR
As the Reflection of Sunlight, falling on the solar cells is an big issue for its performance, this presentation deals with some Morphologies, mostly used these days in industries and some others also which was in trend years before, for c-Si cells.
The objective is to find out the most appropriate technology for Surface texturing either with or without AR coating that can reduce reflection to its minimum possible value.
Although, it is understood that, with best technology, cost also increases. Therefore, it is a quite challenging task at the present time to provide a cost effective surface Morphologies to limit the Panel cost to not to rise much.
Comparative Analysis of Optical Properties of Cdo Annealed thin Film deposite...AI Publications
Cadmium oxide transparent thin film is deposited by spray pyrolysis technique on glass subtract at 4000C and annealed at a temperature of 100 °C for one hour. The band gap was found depend on varius parameters is studied. It is noted that the shift in band gap i.e. decrease with the increasing film thickness in the range 2.15 eV to 2.40 eV. The optical constants such as, band gap, refractive index, extinction coefficient as a function of photon energy for all prepared films were calculated. also studied The XRD revealed of thin film of CdO shows polycrystalline in nature
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
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Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
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Detecting of NH3, CO2 polluted gases by using ZnO- In2O3 thin films
1. ISSN (e): 2250 – 3005 || Vol, 04 || Issue, 12 || December – 2014 ||
International Journal of Computational
www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 15
Detecting of NH3, CO2 polluted gases by using ZnO- In2O3 thin
films
Dr. Shatha Shammon Batros1 ,
Dr. Ghada Sabah Karam2
1
Ministry of Science and Technology / Baghdad – Iraq
2
Al Mustansereya University / Baghdad -Iraq
I. INTRODUCTION
Metal oxide thin films like indium oxide and zinc doped indium oxide have unique characteristics such
as good conductivity, high optical transmittance over the visible wavelength region, excellent adhesion to
substrates and chemical stability and photochemical properties. These properties are resulted from their n-type
semiconductor behavior and wide band gaps. Therefore, indium oxide and zinc doped indium oxide are used in
a wide range of applications including solar energy conversion and photovoltaic devices, flat panel displays and
biocatalytic redox transformation. New applications require IZO films with lower resistivity and higher optical
transmissions over the visible wavelength region. In order to obtain optimal characteristic i.e. high transparency
and low sheet resistance, the parameters such as thickness of the film, dopant type and its amount and the other
deposition conditions have to be optimized. It is well known that the electrical and optical properties of
semiconducting oxides like In2O3 depend strongly on defect density created by external doping or disturbed
stoichiometry as well as their preparation and growth conditions [1-5].
However, high cost of In2O3 has motivated efforts to develop substitutes. Recently, zinc oxide (ZnO) is a
promising material in the above applications. It has a great interest in wide band gap semiconductors, because of
the ever increasing commercial desire for short wavelength light emitting devices. As a good candidate, ZnO
nano structured films have wide band gap (3.37 eV) [6] at room temperature (RT). The efficiency and
performance of any optical and electrical nano devices are directly determined by the properties of underlying
nanostructures, which are in turn greatly dependent on the crystallographic orientation, size, shape, and
morphology. A highly transparent ZnO films have been prepared by many different deposition techniques and
their corresponding deposition parameters play an important role in controlling the morphology and physical
properties of the nanostructures. Both physical deposition, including thermal evaporation, sputtering, spray
pyrolysis, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), pulsed laser deposition, molecular beam epitaxy
(MBE) [7-15], and chemical synthetic routes, including hydro thermal, sol-gel, electrochemical, chemical bath
deposition [16-26] have been successfully employed to prepare a wide variety of ZnO nanostructures.
Spray pyrolysis technology is a convenient for the deposition of semiconductor thin films and has the
several advantages in comparison with other deposition techniques such as low cost of the source materials,
producing high quality films using comparatively simple deposition equipment, moderate substrate
temperatures, deposition scaled for large area and uniform deposition with very thin layers with specific
composition, morphology, good adhesion between the deposited film and controlling the shape and sizes. The
morphology of the material depends on the thermal treatment [27].
Gas sensor play vital role in detecting, monitoring and controlling the presence of hazardous and
poisonous gases in the atmosphere at very low concentrations. Semiconductor gas sensors in the form of thin
films are highly sensitive and reliable, having a performance/price ratio comparable to that of microelectronic
components [28].
ABSTRACT
Polycrystalline ZnO-In2O3 thin films for gas sensor were prepared on to glass substrates by using
spray pyrolysis method from solution of 0.1 M ZnCl2 and 0.1M InCl3 at 300o
C temperature and 100
course of spray. A number of techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope
(AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are used to study the morphology of ZnO-In2O3 thin
films. Polycrystalline structured of as-obtained films was confirmed by using these techniques.
Optical properties, and sensitivity of thin film to NH3, CO2 gases was also studied.
KEYWORDS: Thin films, crystalline structure, ZnO-IN2O3 thin films, sensors.
2. Detecting of NH3, CO2 polluted..
www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 16
Flow controller
tap
hot plate
Thermocouple
Temperature controller
Blower or
compressor
Chamber
Nozzle
Aqueous
solution
Substrate
Ventilator
In the present investigation , pyrolysis methods has been used to prepared a polycrystalline ZnO-In2O3
thin films, the structural characterization from XRD,SEM and AFM were studied .Optical properties, and
Sensing properties also was calculated for NH3 , CO2 gas.
II-EXPEREMENTAL
Chemical spray pyrolysis is one of the major techniques used to deposit a wide variety of materials
including metal or alloy oxides. Generally, spray pyrolysis deposition system which is mainly consists of the
following four sections: (a) the reactants and carrier gas assembly connected to the spray nozzle at the entrance
of the reaction chamber, (b) the reaction chamber in which there is a resistive heater used to heat the substrate to
the required temperature for thin film deposition, (c) the temperature controller that monitors the deposition
temperature and controls the desired substrate temperature and (d) the exhausting gas module, as it shown in
figure (1). The substrate temperature was measured using a K-type thermocouple to an accuracy of ± 1 K. The
film were prepared on clean glass substrates, the slides first cleaned in distilled water in order to remove the
impurities and residuals from their surfaces, followed by rinsing in chromatic acid (for two day), to introduce
functional groups called nucleation and /or epitaxial centers, which formed the basis for layer films growth.
Then the samples were washed repeatedly in deionized water, and finally put in ultrasonic agitation with
distilled water for 15 min then dried. The solution used for the preparation the films investigated here had the
following amounts: the mixture of 1.1425 gm of ZnCl2 and 0.88212 gm of InCl3 at (50:50) molar ratio, at
molarities 0.1M for both solutions. The glass substrate temperature was 300o
C. The atomization of the solution
into a spray of fine droplets was carried out by the spray nozzle with 1 mm inner diameter, with the help of
compressed air as carrier gas. During the course of spray (100 course), the substrate temperature was monitored
using a thermocouple with the help of digital millimeter. The slides then were placed on the surface of a
substrate heater when sprayed. The nozzle-to-substrate distance was 25 cm.
Figure (1): Spray Pyrolysis System
III- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 The structure and morphology of films :
Typical XRD pattern for ZnO - In2O3 films prepared by pyrolysis method is presented as in figure (2) . As
exhibited in figure (2) the films show a crystalline structure. Diffraction peaks at 2θ= 31.592o
and 34.357o
were
assigned to اhexagonal ZnO planes (100) and (002) respectively) based on comparison with JCPDS standard
[28]. In the same pattern can be observed at 2θ= 35.981o
and, the reflection of (400) planes of In2O3 cubic
structure [29], this results are the same with the other research [28,30]. Table (1) refers to the structural
parameters to the prepared samples.
3. Detecting of NH3, CO2 polluted..
www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 17
Figure (2) XRD pattern of ZnO-In2O3 sample prepared by pyrolysis method
Table (1): Values of some structure parameters of ZnO-In2O3 thin film
FWHMhkld(Ao
)2Theta(deg)Sample
0.61541002.8297731.592ZnO
0.85040022.6080734.357ZnO
0.78894002.4949935.981In2O3
From the XRD patterns it is possible to evaluate the average grain size (D) of the ZnO-In2O3 thin films by using
the Well –known Deby- Scherer's formula [31].
D=Kλ/βcosθ,………………………….(1)
Where, the constant K is a constant of the order unity, λ is the wavelength of X-rays (1.4506Ao
) for CuKα), θ
is the Bragg's angle and β is the full width at half maximum. The dislocation density (δ) has been evaluated from
Williamson and Smallman's formula [31].
δ=1/D2
lines /m2
…………….....………(2)
The micro strain (ε) is obtained using the relation [31].
ε=β cos θ/4………………........………..(3)
All these parameters are calculated and presented in Table 2.
Table (2) structural parameters of ZnO-In2O3 thin films
Micro strain (ε) x10-3
Density (δ) x1015
Lines/m2
Grain Size (D)X10
nm
Samples
2.5895.09414.010ZnO (100)
3.5549.59410.209ZnO (002)
3.2789.59411,059In2O3 (400)
The surface morphology of the thin films was also investigated. SEM and AFM characteristic photographs
are shown in figure (3) and (4).
ZnO(100)
)
ZnO(002)
In2O3(400)
4. Detecting of NH3, CO2 polluted..
www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 18
Figure (3) SEM micrographs characteristic of ZnO-In2O3 thin film
From figure (3), the SEM micrograph of as-deposited film shows uniform deposition over the substrate well.
SEM characteristic micrograph, given the extremely small crystallite size, few tens or even few hundred nm
and reveals that the ZnO film consists of round shape particles. In figure (4), a typical 2×2
2
sized AFM image of ZnO-In2O3 film surface is shown. The film crystallites are well shape and uniform in
size. It was observed, from 3D image that, the films exhibit a surface columnar morphology, which can be a
consequence of crystalline preferential orientation. The film roughness was 5.7 nm. AFM images indicate that
the used preparation conditions of the films are more favorable to obtain sample with excellent surface
morphology. All used investigation techniques reveal the polycrystalline structure of the obtained films.
5. Detecting of NH3, CO2 polluted..
www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 19
Figure (4) AFM micrographs characteristic of ZnO-In2O3 thin film
3.2 Optical properties
The optical properties of a material provide information about the electronic band structures, localized states
and the nature (types) of optical transitions, the optical properties are very important for the understanding of the
materials. Figure (5) shows the combination of optical absorbance spectra for ZnO- In2O3 thin film . The
spectra of the deposited thin film was measured using UV-VIS spectrum (Optima Sp – 300 Plus) in the
wavelength region of 305-900 nm.
Figure (6), show the variation between absorption coefficients (α) with wavelength. The (αvh)2
versus hν for
optical band gap of the ZnO- In2O3 thin film was studied. The optical band gap values have been determined by
the extrapolation of the linear portion on the energy axis. The value of the optical band was 3.11 eV as it shown
in figure (7).
Figure (5) Typical optical absorption spectra for ZnO- In2O3 thin film
Figure (6) Plot of α versus wavelength curve of ZnO- In2O3 thin film
6. Detecting of NH3, CO2 polluted..
www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 20
3.3 Response to gases vapor
The experimental arrangement for sensitivity measurement for NH3, CO2 gases vapor is shown in figure (8).
Nitrogen gas was purged for 20 min to clean the sample environment, examined gases (NH3, CO2) was injected
by micro-syringe into test chamber and sensing characteristics of the sensor was then observed. The change in
electrical resistance of a sensor was measured by electrometer. The time taken by the sensor for all of resistance
was considered as response time of a sensor. The ratio of measured resistance before and after exposing the
sample surface to gas vapor gives the value of sensitivity [26], as it calculated from the equation (4). Figure (9)
shows the sensitivity of the sensor to gases.
S=│R (air) - R(gas)│/ R(air) …………………..….(4)
The sensing properties were studied at low concentrations (9 ppm) of gases vapor. The optioned results in
pyrolysis methods are promising for the preparation of sensitive and low cost gas sensor operating in room
temperatures. It can be fabricating sensor to detect variety of gases.
Figure (8) Experimental arrangement system for gas detecting
a=NH3b=CO2
Figure (7) Plot of (αhν)2
versus (hν) curve of ZnO -In2O3 thin film
7. Detecting of NH3, CO2 polluted..
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Figure (9:a,b) Sensitivity vs. time of ZnO-In2O3 thin film to NH3, CO2 gases
IV- CONCLUSION
Polycrystalline ZnO-In2O3 thin film sensor for NH3, CO2 gases has been prepared in pyrolysis method
successfully. The films have been characterized by x-ray diffraction, SEM microscopic and AFM microscopic.
From the optical properties of thin films we observe the optical gap which is about 3.11eV. The sensitivity of
the sensor to NH3, CO2 has been obtained at room temperature. The ratio of sensitivity of NH3 is better than CO2
vapor. This result obtained in pyrolysis methods are promising for the preparation of sensitive and low cost
NH3, CO2 sensor operating in room temperatures.
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