The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
An overview of various pathological processes affecting the Jaw Bones- Maxilla and Mandible including odontogenic cysts and tumours including their radiological findings!
An overview of various pathological processes affecting the Jaw Bones- Maxilla and Mandible including odontogenic cysts and tumours including their radiological findings!
A cyst is an epithelium-lined sac containing fluid or semisolid material. In the formation of a cyst, the epithelial cells first proliferate and later undergo degeneration and liquefaction. The liquefied material exerts equal pressure on the walls of the cyst from within. Cysts grow by expansion and thus displace the adjacent teeth by pressure. May can produce expansion of the cortical bone. On a radiograph, the radiolucency of a cyst is usually bordered by a radiopaque periphery of dense sclerotic bone. The radiolucency may be unilocular or multilocular. Odontogenic cysts are those which arise from the epithelium associated with the development of teeth. The source of epithelium is from the enamel organ, the reduced enamel epithelium, the cell rests of Malassez or the remnants of the dental lamina.
Gingival cyst of newborn /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws
Fibrous dysplasia
Cemento-osseous dysplasia
Focal cemento-osseous dysplasia
Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia
Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia
Ossifying fibroma
Juvenile aggressive ossifying fibroma
Cherubism
Fibro-osseous lesions (FOL) are characterized by replacement of normal bone architecture by collagen fibers and fibroblasts containing calcified tissue.
They include a wide variety of lesions of developmental, dysplastic and neoplastic origins with clinical and radiographic presentation and behavior.
Because of the histological similarities between diverse diseases, proper diagnosis requires correlation of history, clinical and radiographic findings.Fibrous Dysplasia
2. Reactive (dysplastic lesions arising in the tooth-bearing area (presumably of periodontal origin).
a. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia
b. Focal cemento-osseous dysplasia
c. Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia
3. Fibro-osseous neoplasms (widely designated as cementifying fibroma, ossifying fibroma or cemento-ossifying fibroma.Bone dysplasias
a. Fibrous dyspla i. Monostoticii. Polyostotic
iii. Polyostotic with endocrinopathy (McCune-Albright)
iv Osteofibrous dysplasia
b. Osteitis deformansc. Pagetoid heritable bone dysplasias of childhood
d. Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia
2. Cemento-osseous dysplasias
a. Focal cemento-osseous dysplasia b. Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia
3.Inflammatory/reactive processes
a. Focal sclerosing osteomyelitisb. Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis
c. Proliferative periostitis
4. Metabolic Disease: hyperparathyroidism
5. Neoplastic lesions (Ossifying fibromas)
a. Ossifying fibromab. Hyperparathyroidism jaw lesion syndrome
c. Juvenile ossifying fibroma i. Trabecular typeii. Psammomatoid type
d. Gigantiform cementomas
A cyst is an epithelium-lined sac containing fluid or semisolid material. In the formation of a cyst, the epithelial cells first proliferate and later undergo degeneration and liquefaction. The liquefied material exerts equal pressure on the walls of the cyst from within. Cysts grow by expansion and thus displace the adjacent teeth by pressure. May can produce expansion of the cortical bone. On a radiograph, the radiolucency of a cyst is usually bordered by a radiopaque periphery of dense sclerotic bone. The radiolucency may be unilocular or multilocular. Odontogenic cysts are those which arise from the epithelium associated with the development of teeth. The source of epithelium is from the enamel organ, the reduced enamel epithelium, the cell rests of Malassez or the remnants of the dental lamina.
Gingival cyst of newborn /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws
Fibrous dysplasia
Cemento-osseous dysplasia
Focal cemento-osseous dysplasia
Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia
Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia
Ossifying fibroma
Juvenile aggressive ossifying fibroma
Cherubism
Fibro-osseous lesions (FOL) are characterized by replacement of normal bone architecture by collagen fibers and fibroblasts containing calcified tissue.
They include a wide variety of lesions of developmental, dysplastic and neoplastic origins with clinical and radiographic presentation and behavior.
Because of the histological similarities between diverse diseases, proper diagnosis requires correlation of history, clinical and radiographic findings.Fibrous Dysplasia
2. Reactive (dysplastic lesions arising in the tooth-bearing area (presumably of periodontal origin).
a. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia
b. Focal cemento-osseous dysplasia
c. Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia
3. Fibro-osseous neoplasms (widely designated as cementifying fibroma, ossifying fibroma or cemento-ossifying fibroma.Bone dysplasias
a. Fibrous dyspla i. Monostoticii. Polyostotic
iii. Polyostotic with endocrinopathy (McCune-Albright)
iv Osteofibrous dysplasia
b. Osteitis deformansc. Pagetoid heritable bone dysplasias of childhood
d. Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia
2. Cemento-osseous dysplasias
a. Focal cemento-osseous dysplasia b. Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia
3.Inflammatory/reactive processes
a. Focal sclerosing osteomyelitisb. Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis
c. Proliferative periostitis
4. Metabolic Disease: hyperparathyroidism
5. Neoplastic lesions (Ossifying fibromas)
a. Ossifying fibromab. Hyperparathyroidism jaw lesion syndrome
c. Juvenile ossifying fibroma i. Trabecular typeii. Psammomatoid type
d. Gigantiform cementomas
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Solitary cyst like radiolucencies not contacting teeth/ dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
prosthodontic management of acquired defects of mandible /certified fixed ort...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Non odontogenic cysts-vi / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Copy of sequlae of odontogenic infections / dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Odontogenic cysts i / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats
Cysts of the jaws /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This seminar consists of various cysts seen in the oral cavity alonh with various classifications and added case repots for better understanding and the various treatment protocols followed for treating various cysts.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Kramer (1974) defined cyst as “a pathologic
cavity having fluid, semi fluid or gaseous
contents that are not created by the
accumulation of pus; frequently but not
always, is it lined by epithelium”.
Killey and Kay (1966)
Cyst is that entity constitutes an epithelium
lined sac filled with fluid or semi fluid
material
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. DEFINITION:
Tumour is defined as lesion resulting
from the autonomous or relatively
autonomous abnormal growth of cells which
persists after the initiating stimulus has been
removed i,e cell growth is escaped from
normal regulatory mechanism.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. A central cavity – usually
contains fluid or semisolid
material such as cellular
debris, keratin or mucous
An epithelial lining –
keratinized or
nonkeratinized stratified
squamous, pseudostratified,
columnar or cuboidal
epithelium
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. An outer wall (capsule) –
composed of Connective
tissue containing fibroblasts
& blood vessels
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. Progressively enlarging
Painless unless infected
Intrabony cyst cause expansion of buccal cortical plate
Teeth may be displaced rather than resorption
Soft tissue cyst – fluctuant on palpation
Radiographic view of intra bony cyst –unilocular or
multilocular radiolucency(OKC)
Small cysts – in cancellous bone – round to ovoid contour with
smooth sclerotic margins
Scalloped margins – unequal growth activity
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. EFFCTS ON
SURROUNDIN
G
STRUCTURES
•CYSTS GROW
SLOWLY
•DISPLACEMENT
AND RESORPTION
OF TEETH
•IT CAN EXPAND
MANDIBLE
,USUALLY IN
SMOOTH CURVED
MANNER AND
CHANGE THE B/L
CORTICAL PLATES
INTO THIN
CORTICAL
BOUNDARY
•IT MAY DISPLACE
IAC/INVAGINATE
M.ANTRUM.
•PRESSURE ON
NEIGNBOURING
STRUCTURES
RESULTING IN
DISP. OF
TEETH/BONY
CORTICES.
•GROWTH IS
SLOW
,OUTERCORTEX
REMODELING
TAKES PLACE,
•RESISTS
PERFORATION
•ROOT
RESORPTION IS
MORE
COMMON.
•MAINLY
DESTROYS THE
SURROUNDING
ALV.BONE,SO
TEETH APPEARS
TO BE FLOATIG
IN SPACE.
•IRREGULAR
WIDENING OF
PDL SPACE
•LACK OF
LAMINADURA
•SOME
TUMOURS
STIMULATE
PERIOSTEAL
NEW BONE
FORMATION.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. Cyst initiation
Enlargement or expansion of the cyst
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. Cells of odontogenic epithelium are predetermined. Eg:
Remnants of dental lamina.
Reduced enamel organ.
Cell rests of malassez.
Extension of basal cells from overlying
epithelium.
Irritants from the tooth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. Epithelial proliferation to form sphere of cells- diffusion of
oxygen and nutrients insufficient – death of central cells or
desquamation of the central cells
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. Attraction of fluid into the cyst cavity
Retention of the fluid with in the cavity
Production of raised internal hydrostatic pressure
Resorption of surrounding bone with an increase in
the size of cavity
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. Harries classified the theories of cyst enlargement
in the following manner
Mural growth
- Peripheral cell division
- Accumulation of cellular content
Hydrostatic enlargement
- Secretion
- Transudation and exudation
- Dialysis
Bone resorbing factor
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. CLASSIFICATION OF CYSTS
CYSTS
Cysts of the jaws
Cysts associated with
maxillary antrum
Cysts of the soft
tissues
Epithelial cysts Nonepithelial cysts
Odontogenic cysts Non odontogenic cysts
Developmental Inflammatory Shearswww.indiandentalacademy.com
18. 1. Naso palatine cyst (incisive canal)
2. Naso labial (naso alveolar) cyst
3. Mid palatal raphe cyst of infants
4. Median palatine, median alveolar cyst & median mandibular
cyst
5. Globulo maxillary cyst
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. Simple bone cyst (traumatic, simple, hemorrhagic bone
cyst)
Aneurysmal bone cyst
CYSTS ASSOCIATED WITH MAXILLARY ANTRUM
Benign mucosal cyst of the maxillary antrum
Post operative maxillary cyst (surgically ciliated cyst of
the maxilla
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. Synonyms: Follicular cyst or Pericoronal cyst
Definition:
- an odontogenic cyst that surrounds the crown
of an impacted tooth; caused by fluid accumulation
between the reduced enamel epithelium and the enamel
surface, resulting in a cyst in which the
crown is located within the lumen
and roots outside
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. Age – 2nd and 3rd decades.
Sex – males > females; 1.6:1
Race – whites > Blacks; 4:1
Frequency – 15-20%
Site – Mandibular 3rd molar.
Shape: Round or oval.
May also be found enclosing a complex compound
odontoma or involving a supernumerary tooth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. Location:
Associated with crown
of unerupted and displaced
tooth, typically mand/max
3rd molar teeth where
eruption is impeded.
Size: variable,
Shape: — Round or oval,
typically enveloping
the crown symmetrically
— 3 varieties are described
depending on the
cyst/crown relationship:
(i) central
(ii) lateral
(iii) circumferential.
Outline
Smooth
Well defined
Often well corticated.
Radiodensity: Uniformly
radiolucent.www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. Effects on surrounding structures.
displace and resorb adjacent teeth
The floor of the maxillary antrum may be displaced
as the cyst invaginates the antrum,
may displace the inferior alveolar nerve canal in an
inferior direction.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. An eruption cyst is the soft tissue analogue of a dentigerous cyst
Definition : It is an odontogenic
cyst with the histologic features
of a dentigerous cyst that
surrounds a tooth’s crown that
has erupted through bone but
not soft tissue and is clinically
visible as a soft fluctuant mass on the alveolar ridges.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. Age- 1 month to 12 years
with a mean of 4.4 years.
Site- Deciduous and permanent
teeth.
Mandibular central primary
incisors and cuspid most
frequently involved.
Sex – Boys, ratio of 2:1
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. It is a cyst derived from the remnants(rests) of the dental
lamina, with a biological behaviour similar to a benign
neoplasm,
Definition:
OKC IS now designated by the WHO as a keratocystic
odontogenic tumour and is defined as a “ benign uni or
multicystic, intraosseous tumour of odontogenic origin,
with a charecteristic lining of parakeratinized stratified
squamous epithelium and potential for aggressive,
infiltrative behaviour”
www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. Age: Second and third
decades of life.
Sex: Male to female ratio
1.46:1.
Site: Mandible(60 -80%).
Maxilla: third molar area-
cuspid region.
Shape : Oval
mediolateral
expansion.
Frequency: 11% of all cysts.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. • location: — Posterior
body/angle
Anterior maxilla in
canine region.
• Size: Variable.
• Shape: — Oval,
extending along the body
of the mandible with little
mediolateral expansion
Outline: — Smooth
— Well defined
— Often well corticated.
• Radiodensity. Uniformly
radiolucent.
• Effects: — Adjacent teeth
— minimal displacement,
rarely resorbed
— Extensive expansion
within the cancellous
bone.
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43. BASAL CELL NEVI SYNDROME
Hereditary, autosomal dominant trait characterized
by several developmental defects and a
predisposition to cancer.
The syndrome was first delineated by Gorlin and
Goltz.
C/F
Age - 5 and 30 years of age.
Sex - equal frequency
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44. Major criteria Minor criteria
Multiple KOT Bcc
Palmar and/or
plantar pitting
Dystrophic
Calcification of
flax cerebi
Bifid rib Medulloblastoma
Cleft palate Temporal and
temporoparietal
bossing
Mild
mandibular
prognathism
High arched
eyebrows and
palates
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46. Also called Dental
Lamina Cyst of the
Newborn.
Often multiple and
occasionally solitary
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47. Usually seen in infants and
rarely seen over 3 years of
age.
More common in 3 month old child.
Those in anterior portion of the jaws were
usually displaced lingually with respect to
deciduous incisors and cuspids.
Those in posterior portion of the jaw were found
occlusal to the crown of the molars
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48. Clinically, cyst appears as
a discrete white swellings
of the alveolar ridge.
Due to internal pressure it
appears blanched .
These lesions appears to
be asymptomatic and do
not seem to produce
discomfort in the infants.
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49. Epstein’s pearls are cystic keratin filled nodules
found along the mid palatine raphe, probably
derived from entrapped epithelial remnants
along the line of fusion.
Bohn’s nodules are keratin filled cysts scattered
over the palate, most numerous along the
junction of hard and soft palate and apparently
derived from palatal salivary gland structures.
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50. Radiographic features:
No significant radiographic features.
Treatment:
No treatment required
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51. A small developmental
odontogenic cyst of the
gingival soft tissue derived
from rests of the dental
lamina, containing a
lining of embryonic
epithelium of cuboidal
cells and distinctive focal
thickenings similar to the
lateral periodontal cyst.
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52. Age: 5th to 6th decade of
life
Sex: equal proportions
Site: Mandible.
slowly enlarging,
painless swelling,
usually less than 1 cm in
diameter.
Free or attached
gingiva, some occur in
the gingival papilla itself.
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53. No radiological changes in the underlying bone.
May erode the outer cortex of the mandible, especially on the
buccal side.
When it is present high near interdental papilla, there is
saucerization of the intercrestal bone is seen
Differential diagnosis:
Lateral periodontal cyst
Treatment:
surgical excision
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54. It is a slow growing,
nonexpansile
developmental
odontogenic cyst derived
from one or more rests of
the dental lamina,
It is of development origin
arising from cystic
degeneration of clear cells
of the dental lamina
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55. Age: 5th to 6th decade.
Sex: male
Site: Mandible,
cuspid and bicuspid
region or upper lateral incisor.
Size: less than 1 cm.
Associated tooth is vital.
Discovered during routine r/g examination.
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57. Site: Lateral surface of the
roots of vital teeth
in the lowercanine/
premolar region or upper
lateral incisor region.
Size: Small, less than 1 cm
in diameter.
Shape: — Monolocular,
very occasionally
Multilocular
Round
Outline: Smooth
— Well defined and
corticated.
Radiodensity: Uniformly
radiolucent.
Effects: — Adjacent teeth
— displaced if cyst
becomes large, rarely
resorbed
— Buccal expansion if
large
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59. Keratinizing and /or calcifying epithelial odontogenic
cyst
Gorlin cyst
Cystic Keratinizing tumor.
First explained by Gorlin et al in 1962.
In the latest WHO publication on odontogenic tumors,
COC was classified as a benign odontogenic tumor and
was renamed calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors.
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60. Age: 10 to 24 years. Common in children and
young adults.
Sex – female .
Site - Maxilla is more commonly affected.
lesions occurring before the age of 41 affects
maxilla and in older age mandible is more
commonly affected
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61. Unerupted teeth
Swelling - frequent
complaint.
Usually not associated
with pain.
Intra-osseous lesions
produce a hard bony
expansion .
Cyst may perforate the
cortical plate and extend
into the soft tissues
Extra osseous lesions tend
to be pink to red,
circumscribed elevated
masses measuring up to
4cm in diameter www.indiandentalacademy.com
62. Location : mostly in
maxilla ant. To 1st molar
• Shape and outline: A
circumscribed, smooth,
well defined unilocular
and may be multilocular
radiolucent lesion. It is
often corticated.
• Internal structure :
radiolucent
Small foci of calcifications
(salt & pepper)
Irregular calcified bodies of
varying sizes
Solid amorphous material
(odontome
•Associated with surrounding
structures:Associated with
unerupted teeth.
•Adjacent tooth root
displacement or resorbed roots
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64. Synonyms : sialo odontogenic cyst,
muco epidermoid Odontogenic cyst
The second edition of the WHO histological classification of
odontogenic tumors in 1992 recognised it as “ a cyst arising in
the tooth- bearing areas of the jaws and charecterized by an
epithelial lining with cuboidal or columnar cells both at the
surface and lining crypts or cyst-like spaces within the
thickness of the epithelium.”
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65. Age- 6th decade
Sex- male predilection.
Site- Mandible
Common site affected
is anterior mandible.
Usually extends
posteriorly to premolars
bilaterally.
The lesions showed slow
progressive growth,
painless and locally
destructive
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66. Site : more common in
mandible mostly ant
region and in maxilla
commonly in globulo
maxillary region
Periphery and shape :
corticated boundary that
may be smooth/scalloped
Internal structure :
unilocular and
multilocular appearances
Effects on surrounding
structures : expansion of
outer cortical plates of the
jaws with regions of
perforation through
cortex
Displacement of the teeth
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68. Treatment:
treatment should be conservative with a careful
dissection of the margins in order to avoid recurrences.
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69. It is a developmental cyst of
odontogenic epithelial origin
considered as a rare
multilocular variety of lateral
periodontal cyst (WHO 1992).
It is an unusual type of cyst.
First reported by Weathers
and Waldron in 1973.
It is a polycystic variant of the
lateral periodontal cyst
developing through cystic
transform of multiple islands
of dental lamina rests.
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70. It is named for its
characteristic multilocular
appearance which
resembles a “ cluster of
grapes”.
The cystic lesion site is in
the periodontal space of
vital teeth.
lateral to the root of a vital
mandibular cuspid or
premolar tooth.
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71. Location:lateral to the
root of a vital
mandibular cuspid or
premolar tooth.
Size: The lesion is usually
small in diameter
Shape and outline: well
circumscribed.
Sometimes, the border is
surrounded by a thin
layer of sclerotic bone
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73. Synonyms : radicular cysts, apical periodontal cyst , root
end cyst
Periapical cyst is the most common odontogenic cyst
Periapical cyst is the second most common pathologic
periapical radiolucency
The apical granuloma is the most common
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74. Age Occur at any age but 3rd decade is more commonly affected
Etiology: infected tooth
Site Maxilla is more commonly affected as compared to
mandible
In maxilla most common site is anterior region
In mandible most common site is molars
Majority of cyst are asymptomatic
Tooth is seldom painful or even sensitive to percussion
On long standing cases they may develop into abscess and then
into celluliis/draining fistulas
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76. Site:
Apex of any non-vital
tooth, particularly upper
lateral incisors.
• Size:
1.5-3 cm in diameter
Shape: — Round
— Monolocular.
Outline: — Smooth
—Well defined
Well corticated if long-
standing(unless infected)
and continuous with the
lamina dura of the associated
tooth.
• Radio density: Uniformly
radiolucent.
• Effects: — Adjacent teeth
— displaced, rarely resorbed
— Buccal expansion —
Displacement of the antrum
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79. Differential diagnosis
Periapical granuloma
Apical scar/surgical defect
Lateral periodontal cyst
Periapical cemento
osseous dysplasia
okc
Treatment:
Extraction of the involved
teeth and curettage of the
periapical tissue
Root canal therapy can be
carried out
Eneucleation and
marsupialization
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80. Residual cyst is a term of convenience because no teeth
are left by which to identify the lesion
May be found in any of the tooth bearing areas of the
mandible or maxilla
It could develop in a dental granuloma that is left after
extraction
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81. Usually asymptomatic and often discovered on
radiographic examination
May be some expansion of the jaw or pain in the case of
secondary infection
More common in mandible as compared to maxilla
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83. location: Apical regions of
the tooth-bearing portion
of the jaws.
Size: Variable, usually 2-
3 cm in diameter.
Shape: — Round
— Monolocular.
Outline: — Smooth
Well defined
— Usually well
corticated
Radiodensity: radiolucent
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84. Effects on surrounding structures. Residual cysts
can cause tooth displacement or resorption. The
outer cortical plates of the jaws may expand.
The cyst may invaginate the maxillary antrum or
depress the inferior alveolar nerve canal
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87. Also called buccal bifurcation cyst, mandibular infected
buccal cyst, inflammatory collateral cyst, inflammatory
lateral periodontal cyst, Craig’s cyst
First described by Craig in 1976
A cyst of uncertain origin found primarily on the distal
or facial aspect of a vital mandibular third molar
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88. Occurs between the ages of 10 and 39 but
more common in 3rd decade of life
Equal gender distribution
Most of the cyst located distally and
distobuccally to the third molar
Halitosis, acute pain, swelling and trismus
commonly occur
Involved teeth are vital
May occur bilaterally also
Lingual cusp tips may be abnormally
protruding through the mucosa, higher than
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89. Location : mandibular 1st
molar
Periphery and shape:
well defined corticated
border , circular in shape
Internal structure;
radiolucent
Effects : tipping of the
involved molar so that
root tips are are pushed
into lingual corticated
plate of mandible
,occlusal surface is
tipped toward buccal
aspect of mandible
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93. This cyst develops from epithelial remnants of the
nasopalatine duct or incisive canal.
Clinical features:
Age: Variable, but most frequently detected in middle age
(40-60 year-olds).
Frequency: Most common of all non odontogenic cysts,
affecting about 1 % of total population.
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94. Site: Midline, anterior maxilla
just posterior to
the upper central incisors.
Size: Variable, but usually from
6 mm to
several centimetres in diameter
Shape: — Round or oval
(superimposition ofthe nasal
septum or anterior nasalspine
may cause the cyst to
appearheart-shaped or
resemble aninverted tear drop)
— Monolocular
Outline: — Smooth
—Well defined
—Well corticated (unless
infected).
• Radiodensity: Uniformly
radiolucent but radiopaque
shadows sometimes
superimposed
• Effects: — Adjacent teeth
— distal displacement, rarely
resorption
— Palatal expansion (only
identifiable if extensive
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97. The median palatal cyst
arises from epithelium
entrapped along the line
of fusion of palatal
process of maxilla.
Clinical features:
it is located in the
mid line of hard palate
b/w lateral palatal process
Palatal swelling present
Etiology unknown
Radiographic features:
Location : palatal area
opposite the bicuspid and
molar region
Shape and outline:
A well circumscribed
radiolucent area bordered
by sclerotic layer of bone
Internal structure:
radiolucent
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98. The globulomaxillary cyst is
found with in the bone at
the junction of globular
portion of the medial nasal
process and maxillary
process ,the
globulomaxillary fisssure
usually b/w maxillary lateral
incisor , and cuspid teeth
Clinical features: the cyst
rarely does become infected
and pt may complains of
local discomfort/pain in the
area.
R/F: the cyst appears
inverted ,pear shaped
radiolucent area b/w roots of
the l.incisor and cuspid
causing divergence of roots
of these teeth.
T/T:surgical removal
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100. It is a developmental
condition originating
from proliferation of
epithelial remnants
entrapped in the median
mandibular fissure during
fusion of the bilateral
mandibular fissure during
fusion of bil.mand.arches
Clinical features:
They are clinically
asymptomatic
They seldom produce
obvious expansion of
cortical plates of bone and
assoc.teeth ,react normally
to pulp vitality tests
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101. r/f:
Unilocular well
circumscribed
radiolucency is seen.
t/t:
Surgical excision with
preservation of affected
teeth
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102. Synonynms : naso labial
cysts,klestadts cysts
It arises at the junction of
the globular process ,lateral
nasal process , and the
maxillary process as a result
of entrapped epithelium
along the fusion line
Clinical features:
It cause swelling in the
muco labial fold , floor of
the mouth
superficial erosion of the
outer surface of maxilla may
be produced by pressure of
naso alveolar cyst
r/f: no radiographic features
t/t: surgical excision
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104. Definition:
It is a cystic form of teratoma thought to be derived
from trapped embroyoniccells that are totipotential
Clinical features:
Age:12-25yrs
The swelling which is slow and painless can grow to
several cms in diameter when located in neck or
tongue it may interfere with breathing ,speaking and
eating.
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106. Location:10% head and
neck ,1%oral cavity mostly
in floor of mouth and
tongue ,they may be in
midline /lateral
Periphery and shape:well
defined more radiopaque
soft tissue when compared
to surrounding soft tissue
Internal structures:
conventional radiograph:
radiolucent
Ct scan: soft tissue
multilocular appearance
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108. The aetiology of this cyst is unknown but may be
associated with trauma.
Age: Children or young adults under 20 years.
Frequency: Uncommon.
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109. Site: — Mandible,
particularly the
premolar/molar region.
— Rarely anterior maxilla.
Size: Variable, up to several
centimetres in diameter
•Shape: — Monolocular
— Irregular, but the upper
border arches up between
the roots of the teeth•
Outline: — Smooth and
undulating
— Moderately well defined
— Moderately well or
poorly
corticated.
• Radiodensity:
Uniformly radiolucent.
• Effects: — Adjacent
teeth — minimal or no
displacement, very rarely
resorbed
— Minimal or no
expansion of the jaw.
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111. Differential diagnosis
Kot
Malignant lesion
Treatment:
Conservative opening
into lesion and careful
curettage of lining.
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112. It is a solitary lesion of bone .
Clinical features:
age:20yrs
Site: long bones ,vertebral column, clavicle, ribs , skull
and bones of hands and feet.
The lesions rare painful upon motion , and this soreness
may limit the movement of affected bone
Swelling over area of bone is common
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113. Location : posterior
mandible
Periphery and shape:
well defined, circular
Internalstructure:
multilocular,
In ct images there is
more radiolucent regions
Wispy ill defined septa is
seen
Effects: expansion of
cortical plates
Displacement and
resorption of teeth
Treatment:
Surgical
curretage/excision
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124. Marsupilium = Pouch
First introduced by Partsch in 1892
Definition – “An operation for the cure of a hydatid
or other cyst , the sac of tumour is opened &
emptied of its contents and then its edges are
stiched to the edges of external incision ,which is
kept open while inferior of cyst suppurates & closes
by granulation”
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125. Marsupialization refers to creating a surgical window in
the wall of cyst & evacuation of cystic contents. This
process decreases intracystic pressure & promotes
shrinkage of cyst & bone fill.
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127. Amount of tissue injury – Proximity of cyst to vital structures
could create an oronasal or oroantral fistula, injure
neurovascular structures or vital teeth during enucleation.
Surgical access – If access to all portions of cyst is difficult
,portion of cystic wall may be left behind.
Assistance in erupton of teeth – In a young patient with a
dentigerous or pseudofollicular keratocyst, it permits eruption
of unerupted teeth.
Extent of surgery – Marsupialization is preferred in a
unhealthy or debilited patient , because it is simple & less
stressful for patient.
Size of cyst – in very large cyst,there is a risk of fracture of jaw
during enucleation.
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129. DEFINITION – “The removal of a tumour or other body
entire without rupture,as one shell out the kernel of a
nut”
Introduced by Partsch in 1910.
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130. Enucleation allows for cystic cavity to be covered by a
mucoperisteal flap & the space fills with blood clot,which
will eventually organize & form normal bone.
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132. Treatment of odontogenic keratocysts.
Recurrence of cystic lesions of any cyst type.
Should be employed with any cyst of jaw that can be
safely removed unduly sacrificing adjacent structures.
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133. Dentigerous cyst.
Young patients with erupting teeth.
Medically compromised or debilited patients.
Proximity to vital structures.
Very large cysts,may cause fracture of jaw.
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134. 1) Shear and Speight, Cysts of the Oral and Maxillofacial
Regions, Fourth edition.
2) Shafer, Cysts and Tumors of Odontogenic Origin, A
Textbook of Oral Pathology, Fourth Edition, pg 258-276.
3) Wood and Goaz, Differential Diagnosis of Oral Lesions.
4) Eric Whaites, Essentials of Dental Radiography and
Radiology,, Third Edition.
5) Neville, Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors, Oral and
Maxillofacial pathology, pg
6) Peterson's_Principles_of_Oral_and_Maxillofacial_Surgery_2n
d_Ed_2004
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