Cushing's syndrome is caused by excessive cortisol production from either the adrenal glands or pituitary tumors. This excess cortisol disrupts metabolism and protein synthesis, leading to increased blood glucose, loss of muscle mass, weaker bones, fatigue, mood changes, and weight gain. Common signs include a rounded red face, thinning skin that bruises easily, obesity, and hair changes or growth in unusual places.

1. Cushing’s Syndrome
Pathophysiology and Causes
leading to Cushing’s Syndrome
o Too much cortisol is being produced by the adrenal
glands
• Excess of Cortisol production by the adrenal glands or by
excessive use of cortisol or other similar corticosteroids
(glucocorticoid) hormones
• Tumors of the pituitary glands or adrenal cortex can
stimulate production of excess hormone leading to
Cushing’s syndrome
• Administration of glucocorticoid hormones
➢ (ex. Hydrocortisone, prednisone, methyl prednisone, or dexamethasone) for the
treatment of life-threatening illnesses like asthma, rheumatoid arthritis,
systemic lupus, inflammatory bowel disease, and some allergies
RESULT
• Metabolism of fats, carbs, and proteins are disturbed = increased bgl
• Protein synthesis is impaired = loss of muscle fibers and muscle weakness
• Bones become weaker and are at increased risk for fracture
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
• Weakness / Fatigue
• Depression and mood swings
• Increased thirst and urination
• Hyperglycemia
• Weight gain
• Thinning of the skin / easily bruised / purple stretch marks
• Increased acne / facial hair / hair loss in woman
• Darkening of the skin (acanthosis)
• Obesity and poor height growth in children
• “Buffalo hump” / “Moon face”