Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid hormone in humans. It is produced in a 10:1 ratio to corticosterone and is regulated by ACTH. Cortisol secretion follows a natural episodic rhythm and can be increased by stress, exercise, caffeine and other factors. Cortisol has wide-ranging physiological effects including increasing blood glucose, breaking down fat and protein, and suppressing immunity. Excess cortisol secretion can cause Cushing's syndrome, characterized by central obesity, high blood pressure, glucose intolerance and osteoporosis. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, such as removal of an adrenal or pituitary tumor.
Adrenal gland & Cushing's Disease - Seminar August 2015Arun Vasireddy
A condition that occurs from exposure to high cortisol levels for a long time.
Fewer than 1 million cases per year (India)
Treatable by a medical professional
Requires a medical diagnosis
Lab tests or imaging always required
Chronic: can last for years or be lifelong
The most common cause is the use of steroid drugs, but it can also occur from overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands.
Signs are a fatty hump between the shoulders, a rounded face and pink or purple stretch marks.
Treatment options include reducing steroid use, surgery, radiation and medication.
Adrenal gland & Cushing's Disease - Seminar August 2015Arun Vasireddy
A condition that occurs from exposure to high cortisol levels for a long time.
Fewer than 1 million cases per year (India)
Treatable by a medical professional
Requires a medical diagnosis
Lab tests or imaging always required
Chronic: can last for years or be lifelong
The most common cause is the use of steroid drugs, but it can also occur from overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands.
Signs are a fatty hump between the shoulders, a rounded face and pink or purple stretch marks.
Treatment options include reducing steroid use, surgery, radiation and medication.
HORMONES OF ADRENAL CORTEX Adrenocortical hormones are steroids in nature. Classification
Based on their functions, corticosteroids are classified into three groups:
Ø1. Glucocorticoids
Ø2. Mineralocorticoids
Ø3. Sex hormones.
Cortisol- Synthesis, Regulation, Physiological actions, Disorders I Adrenal I...HM Learnings
Cortisol- Synthesis, Regulation, Physiological actions, Disorders I Adrenal I Endocrine Physiology
This video will be about the following
1. Cortisol
2. Synthesis
3. Regulation
4. Mechanism of action
5. Physiological action
6. Clearance
7. Disorders
You can also watch the same topic on HM Learnings Youtube channel.
You can also follow HM Learnings on facebook, instagram and twitter for daily updates
A small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenalineRuvarasheMutadza1
A small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. These hormones help control heart rate, blood pressure, and other important body functions. There are two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney. Also called suprarenal gland.
HORMONES OF ADRENAL CORTEX Adrenocortical hormones are steroids in nature. Classification
Based on their functions, corticosteroids are classified into three groups:
Ø1. Glucocorticoids
Ø2. Mineralocorticoids
Ø3. Sex hormones.
Cortisol- Synthesis, Regulation, Physiological actions, Disorders I Adrenal I...HM Learnings
Cortisol- Synthesis, Regulation, Physiological actions, Disorders I Adrenal I Endocrine Physiology
This video will be about the following
1. Cortisol
2. Synthesis
3. Regulation
4. Mechanism of action
5. Physiological action
6. Clearance
7. Disorders
You can also watch the same topic on HM Learnings Youtube channel.
You can also follow HM Learnings on facebook, instagram and twitter for daily updates
A small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenalineRuvarasheMutadza1
A small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. These hormones help control heart rate, blood pressure, and other important body functions. There are two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney. Also called suprarenal gland.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2. Main glucocorticoids in humans:
Cortisol
Corticosterone
Cortisol:corticosterone produced in humans
in a ratio of 10:1
90-95% bound to plasma protein.
Under control primarily by ACTH
Glucocorticoids:
3. After ACTH has been produced, cortisol will be
evident 15 to 30 minutes later
There are usually 7-15 episodes per day
There is a major burst in the early morning before
awakening.
Natural episodic Secretion Rhythm
4. increased release with coffee consumption
increases with increased exercise time &
intensity
↑ cortisol ↓testosterone
Cortisol secretion can be affected by:
5. Steroid hormones when released from adrenal cortex into
blood stream they bind to protein carriers:
Cortisol binding globulin (CBG) (transcortin)
Albumin
Only unbound steroid hormones are biologically active
(~2%)
To cross the target tissue membrane, the hormone must
dissociate from its carrier protein
Steroid hormone transport:
7. Regulation of Cortisol Release cont
Enhanced release can be caused by:
• physical trauma
• infection
• extreme heat and cold
• exercise to the point of exhaustion
• extreme mental anxiety
• Coffee consumption.
•Intense ex.
8. Free cortisol is excreted into urine.
Metabolized in liver by reductases &
conjugated to glucuronides and excreted via
kidney
Cortisol metabolism:
9. Increases blood glucose levels by:
(+) glucogenesis in the liver via stimulating
the enzymes involved in glucogenesis.
Decreasing utilization of glucose by cells
via direct inhibition of glucose transport
into cells.
Physiological effects of Cortisol”
Carbohydrate Metabolism:
10. Reduces protein formation except liver
Extrahepatic protein stores reduced (catabolic)
amino acids not transported into muscle cells
↓ protein synthesis & ↑ amino acid blood levels
These high blood amino acid levels are
transported more rapidly to hepatic cells for
glucogenesis and protein synthesis in liver
Protein metabolism
11. Lipolytic.
Mobilizes fatty acids & glycerol from adipose
tissue lead to↑ their blood concentrations
makes more glycerol available for
glucogenesis.
Fat broken down & less formed due to less
glucose transported into fat cells.
Redistribution of body fat:
↑ formation of fat in trunk areas & face
↓ fat (& muscle) from extremities
Increases appetite
Fat metabolism:
12. Anti-inflammatory effects:
Stabilizes lysosomal membrane
Reduces degree of vasodilatation
Decreases permeability of capillaries
Decreases migration of white blood cells
Suppresses immune system
13. Decrease production of eoisinophils and
lymphocytes
Suppresses lymphoid tissue systemically therefore
decrease in T cell and antibody production thereby
decreasing immunity
Decrease immunity could be fatal in diseases such
as tuberculosis
Decrease immunity effect of cortisol is useful during
transplant operations in reducing organ rejection.
Effects on blood cells and immunity
14. Maintains body fluid volumes & vascular integrity
Cortisol levels vary with water intake
Cortisol has mineralcorticoid effect, Not as potent
as aldosterone.
BP regulation & cardiovascular function:
Sensitizes arterioles to action of noradrenaline
(Permissive effect).
Decreased capillary permeability
Maintins normal renal function
Effects on the circulation:
15. Negative feedback control on release of ACTH
Modulates perception & emotion
Mineral metabolism:
Anti-vitamin D effect
GIT:
Increases HCl secretion
CNS responses:
16. Permissive regulation of fetal organ
maturation
Surfactant synthesis (phospholipid that
maintains alveolar surface tension).
Inhibition of linear growth in children due to
direct effects on bone & connective tissue
Developmental functions:
17. Exogenous
Most cortisol excess is induced by steroid
therapy
(prednisone) to manage disease
asthma
rheumatoid arthritis
lupus
other inflammatory diseases
immunosuppression after transplantation
Cushing syndrome
Disorders of Cortisol Secretion
Causes:
18. Endogenous
Due to excessive production of cortisol:
ACTH- independent:
Primary adrenal defect (adenoma)
ACTH-dependent:
Overproduction of ACTH by pituitary
Overproduction of ACTH by ectopic ACTH-
producing tumor
Both exogenous & endogenous hyperfunction show
manifestations of Cushing’s disease
Cortisol excess, continued,…………………
19. Carbohydrate metabolism
↑ blood glucose levels
↓ sensitivity to insulin, “Adrenal diabetes”
Protein metabolism
↑ protein loss
muscle atrophy
thin skin
(-) collagen deposition in the skin (striea)
bone matrix & mass losses; bone formation
↓lessCa2+ absorbed & more excreted in urine
osteoporosis
20. Fat metabolism
redistribution of body fat:
↑trunk & face fat deposition & ↓
extremities fat deposition.
Buffalo torso
◦ Redistribution of fat from lower parts of the body to the
thoracic and upper abdominal areas
Moon Face
◦ Edematous appearance of face
◦ Acne & hirsutism( excess growth of facial hair)
21. Hypertension due to Na retention & K
excretion.
Hypervolemia
Hypernatremia due to increased Na absorption.
Hypokalemia due to increased K excretion.
22. Decreases inflammatory response
Increased infection susceptibility
Ab synthesis suppressed & normal immune
responses to infecting pathogens suppressed
Decrease in fibrous tissue formation &
impaired wound healing.
