Curriculum change is driven by various factors including technological advances, community needs, political conditions, and global transformations. There are different types of curriculum change such as substitution, alteration, perturbation, and restructuring. The process of curriculum change ideally involves five steps - analyzing the current curriculum, expressing program aims, prioritizing resources, implementing changes, and establishing monitoring tools. Some issues that impact curriculum change are political, societal, economic, technological, social diversity, environmental, and other implementation issues related to infrastructure, faculty development, and program coordination.
THEORIES OF CURRICULUM AND THEIR MAJOR STRUCTUREseharalam
To understand the concept of theory, it is essential to understand the nature of theory in general.
Historically, the Received View holds that a theory is a formalized, deductively connected bundle of laws that are applicable in specifiable ways to their observable manifestations. In the Received View, a small number of concepts are selected as bases for the theory; axioms are introduced that specify the fundamental relationships among those concepts; and definitions are provided, specifying the remaining concepts of the theory in terms of the basic ones.
its all about the content and methods of comparative eduction,
meaning
scope
national system of education
philosophical factor
religious factor
geographical factor
economic factor
THEORIES OF CURRICULUM AND THEIR MAJOR STRUCTUREseharalam
To understand the concept of theory, it is essential to understand the nature of theory in general.
Historically, the Received View holds that a theory is a formalized, deductively connected bundle of laws that are applicable in specifiable ways to their observable manifestations. In the Received View, a small number of concepts are selected as bases for the theory; axioms are introduced that specify the fundamental relationships among those concepts; and definitions are provided, specifying the remaining concepts of the theory in terms of the basic ones.
its all about the content and methods of comparative eduction,
meaning
scope
national system of education
philosophical factor
religious factor
geographical factor
economic factor
Constructivism, modular curriculum, credit system, Information technology these all are the emerging trends in curriculum development. These trends should be given proper justice while developing curriculum. Educators should learn to work together with their students, and with other experts in creating content, and are able to tailor it to exactly what they need.
Curriculum change/ Curriculum Change Process / Issues in Curriculum Change HennaAnsari
Curriculum Change
Concept of Change
Curriculum change or Revision
Forces Driving Changes
Drivers for curriculum change
Factors influencing the Change in Curriculum
Need to Change the Curriculum
Major Types of Curriculum Change
Process of Curriculum change
Stage of curriculum change Process
Various issues in Curriculum change
Models of curriculum evaluation and application in educationalKoledafe Olawale
Curriculum can be defined as the planned and guided learning experiences and intended learning outcomes, formulated through the systematic reconstruction of knowledge and experiences, under the auspices of the school, for the learners’ continuous and willful growth in personal social competence (Tanner & Tanner, 1975)
Constructivism, modular curriculum, credit system, Information technology these all are the emerging trends in curriculum development. These trends should be given proper justice while developing curriculum. Educators should learn to work together with their students, and with other experts in creating content, and are able to tailor it to exactly what they need.
Curriculum change/ Curriculum Change Process / Issues in Curriculum Change HennaAnsari
Curriculum Change
Concept of Change
Curriculum change or Revision
Forces Driving Changes
Drivers for curriculum change
Factors influencing the Change in Curriculum
Need to Change the Curriculum
Major Types of Curriculum Change
Process of Curriculum change
Stage of curriculum change Process
Various issues in Curriculum change
Models of curriculum evaluation and application in educationalKoledafe Olawale
Curriculum can be defined as the planned and guided learning experiences and intended learning outcomes, formulated through the systematic reconstruction of knowledge and experiences, under the auspices of the school, for the learners’ continuous and willful growth in personal social competence (Tanner & Tanner, 1975)
Running head RECOMMENDATIONS, STRATEGIES AND STANDARDS 6.docxjeanettehully
Running head: RECOMMENDATIONS, STRATEGIES AND STANDARDS 6
RECOMMENDATIONS, STRATEGIES, AND STANDARDS
Deanna Buchanan
Southern New Hamphsire University
Recommendations
Recommendations are made for a group of people or an individual, and this is done for a particular purpose. Recommendations are made to improve certain areas that may not be running accordingly, and this helps to improve performance.
Specific recommendations that would lead to the improvement of the academic program.
The group of people who were giving recommendations found put that there was a difference between the learning centers and the learners in these centers. There was a difference between schools owned privately and those owned by members of the society, and this also leads to a different mode of offering education. One of the recommendations is to teach students to use technology and thus gain engineering skills as well as use mathematical concepts in making innovations. The creation of the curriculum should be an obligation of all the people involved, and this helps in engaging everybody in decision making. The learners should dedicate their actions to learning, and the management should support the students so that they can give their best and thus achieve the best results.
a) General recommendations
Criticism of the efficiency of education should be made based on academic excellence and the degree of learners. Learners who have excelled have good results, and a good understanding of concepts learned in class. They also apply these concepts in their day to day lives. Various ways of giving knowledge as well as criticizing should be used.
The STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) should be used to assign objectives and to understand the process. Nobody can apply or use a method they do not understand, and this means that one has to study it well before using the concepts to be creative and innovative. Innovation leads to advancement in science, technology, economy and even personal growth. Teachers should ensure they enhance the process they use in teaching and also reward students they teach in their institutions by offering them opportunities to further their studies.
b) Recommendations to the academic department managers, supervisors of various bodies, and department heads.
The leadership of various departments should provide conditions favorable for the students to contribute towards the improvement and growth of the institution by publishing results of research that they do, and this helps to show to the world what the institution is doing in terms of research. This attracts financiers and helps to advance the students career-wise and in their personal life. The institution management should come up with programs that enhance innovation among the students. The programs should be related to the four areas in STEM.The administration should also dedicate resources for the improvement of the overall educational status — for example, ...
Topic: Dynamics of change: Concepts of change
The phrase "Dynamics of change" means the forces and processes that make things transform or evolve over time. It includes the different factors that cause shifts and developments in a specific situation.
"Dynamics" usually refers to the underlying mechanisms or driving forces, and "change" is about the shift or transition from one state to another. The term is commonly used to talk about the complexities and interactions that affect how things develop or adapt. This idea is important in various fields like managing organizations, social sciences, economics, and natural sciences. It helps in analyzing, planning, and making decisions effectively by understanding how things change over time.
Concepts of Change
Change is a big part of our lives. It's when things become different or shift from one way to another. This happens in many parts of life, like how we live, how society works, and even in nature. Change is just a natural part of how things are. People have looked into and talked about change in different fields like psychology, sociology, how organizations work, and philosophy. We're going to talk about some important ideas related to change.
In the context of educational change and development, several key concepts are crucial for understanding the dynamics of transformation and improvement. While I won't delve into specific change theories, I'll explore fundamental concepts that are often associated with educational change:
1. Innovation: Innovation refers to the introduction of new ideas, practices, or technologies in education. It can include changes in teaching methods, curriculum design, assessment techniques, or the integration of technology. Innovations are often central to educational change and development as they aim to improve learning outcomes and experiences.
2. Adaptability: The ability of educational systems, institutions, and educators to adapt to changing circumstances is essential. This includes being flexible in response to new educational challenges, societal shifts, or advancements in pedagogical research. Institutions that are adaptable can better navigate and implement changes effectively.
3. Professional Development: Ongoing professional development is crucial for educators to stay current with evolving educational practices. Providing opportunities for teachers to enhance their skills and knowledge ensures that they are well-equipped to implement changes in the classroom and contribute to the overall development of the educational system.
4. Leadership: Effective leadership is a critical factor in driving educational change. Educational leaders, whether at the school, district, or national level, play a key role in creating a vision for change, fostering a positive culture, and providing the necessary support and resources to implement and sustain transformations.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis earned his BA in 1969 from Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. In 1971, he earned his M.Ed. from Seattle Pacific University. In 1976, he earned his PhD from the University of Iowa. In 1981, he was a Visiting Scholar at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, and in 1987 was a Visiting Scholar at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
In June 2008, Dr. Kritsonis received the Doctor of Humane Letters, School of Graduate Studies from Southern Christian University. The ceremony was held at the Hilton Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
1. Curriculum Design and Development by Hina Jalal (PhD Scholar GCUF) pg. 1
Curriculum Change
Concept of Change
Change is a constant law nature. It always brings improvement. It always occurs continuously. Technological
advancement and explosion of knowledge is the basic reason of varying style of change. Change is an ongoing
almost unconscious process that involves reworking familiar elements into new relationship.
Curriculum change or Revision
Curriculum revision means making the curriculum different in some way, to give it a new position or direction.
This often means alteration to its philosophy by way of its aims and objectives, reviewing the content included,
revising its methods and re-thinking its evaluator procedures.
Forces Driving Changes:
Community
Technology
Political Conditions
Economical Condition
Global transformation
Complexity: competing demands of governments
and interest groups
Local need
Staff dissatisfaction
Parental Demands
Student demands – are all students achieving
/participating
Standards – can they be maintained in view of the
challenges of new courses?
Leadership - meaningful change and curriculum
evolution
Demands of the culture, the society, and the
expectations of the population being served.
Environmental
Drivers for curriculum change:
National Imposition
Local Need
Staff Dissatisfaction
Parental Demands
2. Curriculum Design and Development by Hina Jalal (PhD Scholar GCUF) pg. 2
Student Demand-are all students achieving/participating.
Standards-can they have maintained in a view of the challenges of new courses?
Leadership-Meaningful change and curriculum evaluation.
Factors influencing the Change in Curriculum
▪ Population growth
▪ Population pattern
▪ Move towards urbanization
▪ Consumption of natural resources
▪ Increasing in Government control in health care
▪ Increasing need for health professional to work with other professionals as well as the client system
▪ Increasing the professionalization of health workers
▪ Increasing socialization of health field
▪ Increasing supply of the health workers perhaps resulting in more supply
▪ Rapid obsolescence of practice, skills and knowledge level
Need to Change the Curriculum
1. To restructure the curriculum according to the needs, interests or abilities of the learner.
2. To eliminate unnecessary units, teaching methods and contents.
3. To introduce latest and update methods of teaching and content, new knowledge and practices.
4. To add or delete number of clinical hours of instruction.
5. To correlate between the student’s theory courses and clinical learning practices.
6. To select clinical learning experiences base on the objectives rather than on the service needs of the hospital.
7. The students themselves receive little or no experience in assuming responsibilities or in making choices,
everything is decided for them by the teacher or the administrator.
Major Types of Curriculum Change
1- Empirical Rational:
Stress is laid on the need for change and competences to implement. These changes do not occur at school
level as they are not capable of bringing such change.
2- Normative-re-educative Strategies:
It is based on the rationality and intelligence of humans. This kind of change can occur by approaching
human convincing them that there is a need to change their values, attitudes, understanding and skill.
3. Curriculum Design and Development by Hina Jalal (PhD Scholar GCUF) pg. 3
3- Power Strategies:
Changes should meet the power expectations of the superiors who are in a higher power such core
strategies are used often in school.
According to John Mchnil there are following types of curriculum change:
Substitution:
In the type of change one elements is substituted by the other i.e. one course paper/one unit is replaced
with other. Mostly this kind of change is easily implemented.
1. Alternation:
If some material, content item or procedure is introduced into the existing material and is adopted. It is
considered alternation.
2. Perturbation:
Some changes when introduced disturb the program for some time and then later they get adjusted or
adopted into the program.
3. Restructuring:
These changes lead to modification of the system itself. For instance, team teaching, project method or
competency-based teaching and evaluation. This change is like restructuring.
4. Value-Oriented Change:
This change basically brings a shift from one’s philosophy or basic ideology towards a prescription or
orientation. Most of them resist should adjust with the changes and accept the same. The teacher who
cannot adjust their values to such changes may not be retained for long.
4. Curriculum Design and Development by Hina Jalal (PhD Scholar GCUF) pg. 4
Process of Curriculum change
Ideally, according to Lachiver & Tardif (2002), curriculum change is managed in a logical five-step process:
Stage of curriculum change Process
Step 1. An analysis of the current offerings and context;
Step 2. the expression of key program aims in a mission statement;
Step 3. prioritization of resources and development strategies;
Step 4. the implementation of the targeted curricula change;
Step 5. the establishment of monitoring tools and processes.
congruence of the
separate system of
values held by the
person or persons
seeking to create change
and by the person or
persons who are the
targets or human
subjects of the purposed
change
3. congruence
In which of
sentiment on
behalf of change is
being
communicated.
2. legitimating
In which ideas
for change are
launched and
decisions are
made regarding
the nature,
direction and
extent of change.
1. Initiation
5. Curriculum Design and Development by Hina Jalal (PhD Scholar GCUF) pg. 5
Various issues in Curriculum change
1) POLITICAL ISSUES
All aspects of curriculum depend on local, state and national political standards. Both private and public
educational institutions rely on political body for funding and decision making for hiring personnel,
building and maintaining facilities and equipment.
2) THE SOCIETAL ISSUES
Society has its own expectations about the aims and objectives that should be considered when changing
curriculum. It also has a perception of what the product of the school system should look like. It is
therefore necessary for curriculum designers to take in to account societal considerations.
3) ECONOMICAL ISSUES
Economic status of the people and the state play an important role in the curriculum change. The
aspirations of people, their demands and expectations from courses or curricular inclusion at various
stages of education, all depend on the economic status. Without financial help(budget) and resources,
curriculum wings can’t perform and implement new researches in education
4) TECHNOLOGY
The advancement in technology make the world a global village, the technology of the 21st century
require technical skills (problem solving, critical thinking, cooperation, creative skills). To cope with
current and future technology (artificial intelligence and robots) curriculum need to be change at every
level of learning Technology make learning, easy, interesting, and interactive
5) SOCIAL DIVERSITY
Social diversity including religion, culture and social groupings affects curriculum development because
these characteristics influence the types of topics and methods for teaching information. Developing
relevant curriculum considers society's expectations accommodating group traditions and promoting
equality.
6) ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
World awareness and action toward reversing and ending pollution continues affecting curriculum
development. Typical elementary classrooms teach recycling and healthy environmental practices.
7) OTHER ISSUES
• Institutional issues in implementation
o Infrastructure
6. Curriculum Design and Development by Hina Jalal (PhD Scholar GCUF) pg. 6
o Faculty development
o Faculty apprehensions
• Programmatic issues in implementation
o Organization and coordination
o Financial support
o Political commitment
o Effect on health system of the country
o Need and usefulness of COME curriculum
o Faculty readiness and knowledge of the program
• Curricular issues in implementation
o Community based learning
o Problem-based learning
o Participation of students in curriculum planning and development
o Student assessment
o Resource