Current concepts in cervical cytology
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The document discusses various classification and terminology systems for cervical cytology, including Papanicolaou's classification, the WHO classification of tumors of the female genital tract, and the Bethesda system for reporting cervical cytology. It provides details on the categories and terminology used in each system to classify cervical cell abnormalities, from normal to various grades of dysplasia and carcinoma. It also compares the categories and terminology used in the 1991 and 2001 versions of the Bethesda system.
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Liquid based cytology is a method to collect and prepare cervical cell samples for microscopic examination. The sample is collected from the cervix using a spatula or broom and transferred to a preservative solution. The cells are then dispersed in the fluid and either centrifuged or filtered onto a slide to form a thin monolayer for staining and examination under a microscope. The two most widely used liquid based cytology systems are Sure Path and Thin Prep. Liquid based cytology offers advantages like immediate cell fixation, evaluation of all collected material, and preparation of representative samples, but it can alter smear patterns and dispersion of abnormal cells.
A.B.C. of Paps Smear Update (2016) ,DR. SUDHIR JAIN Consultant Pathologist
HISTORY
Papanicolaou first reported in 1923 that cervical cancer or precancer could be detected by pap smear.
But it was only in 1943 that Pap test became accepted and widely used.
Many terminologies were used. Mostly numbers and term dysplasia. There were multiple poorly defined gradations which were poorly reproducible.
In 1988 the first Bethesda System workshop was convened to address the issue and to standardize the reporting of pap smear.
In 2001 a consensus was achieved and a terminology was recommended The 2001 Bethesda System (TBS)
Revision agreed upon in 2014
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This document summarizes pathology related to the cervix, including inflammation (cervicitis), pre-cancerous lesions (CIN), and cancer. It discusses the following:
1. Cervicitis can be acute or chronic and is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelial changes. Specific infections like gonorrhea and chlamydia can cause cervicitis.
2. Pre-cancerous lesions like CIN are graded from I-III based on the thickness of the epithelium involved. CIN I involves the bottom third, CIN II the bottom two-thirds, and CIN III the full thickness. High-grade CIN is more likely to progress to cancer.
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This document discusses the terminology used for preinvasive cervical lesions. It begins with definitions of dysplasia and provides a historical review of terminology, including carcinoma in situ (CIS) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). It then describes the 2001 Bethesda System for cervical cytology reporting and the Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology (LAST) project. The LAST project aimed to create a unified histopathological nomenclature for HPV-associated preinvasive lesions across anatomical sites, recommending a two-tiered system of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL).
Cervix-bethesda system | Abdul Quddus
The document provides information on cervical cytology screening and the Bethesda System for reporting results. It describes the Papanicolaou staining technique and liquid-based cytology collection methods. The Bethesda System categories for specimen adequacy, interpretation, and epithelial cell abnormalities are outlined. Normal cervical cell types are defined. Reactive, infectious, and other non-neoplastic findings are described. Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions are defined. Adenocarcinoma in situ and adenocarcinoma are also summarized.
introduction of cytopathology
Cytopathology is the study of exfoliated cells to detect normal and abnormal tissue morphology. Cells can be collected naturally or artificially from various body sites like skin, cervix, lungs, and lymph nodes. Cytopathology allows rapid, inexpensive diagnosis and monitoring of diseases without surgery. Pap smears screen for cervical cancer by examining cells from the cervix and vagina. Abnormal findings on Pap smears require follow up with colposcopy and possible biopsy. Screening reduces cervical cancer rates by facilitating early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions.
Nulife module 6 screening for malignancies edited
These six modules from 2-7 are on mid life health care of women and were made with intention of training general gynecologist and other speciality into care of mid life women and have Mid Life OPD cards as mainstay of care.
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Cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV infection is very common and in most cases does not cause health problems, but some high-risk HPV types can cause cervical cancer over many years if left untreated. Screening through regular Pap tests can detect pre-cancerous changes early so they can be treated before they develop into invasive cancer. A new HPV vaccine protects against the types of HPV that cause most cervical cancers.
Pre cancerous lesions of cervix.pptx
This document discusses pre-cancerous lesions of the cervix. It begins by defining premalignant lesions and explaining the multi-step process of carcinogenesis. It then discusses specific pre-cancerous lesions including hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). High-risk HPV infection plays a key role in the development of these lesions. Screening methods like the Pap test and HPV testing can detect pre-cancerous lesions early. Colposcopy is used to examine the cervix in more detail when abnormalities are found. Biopsies of suspicious lesions allow diagnosis and treatment if needed to prevent progression to invasive cancer.
gynaecology.CIN.(dr.mraim)
The document discusses the cervix and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Some key points:
1) The cervix contains two types of epithelium that meet at the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ), which shifts locations throughout life. The transformation zone (TZ) is the area at risk for developing pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions.
2) CIN is characterized by abnormal cell growth in the cervix and is graded from I to III based on severity. Left untreated, some CIN lesions can progress to cervical cancer over many years.
3) Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is required for cervical cancer but most infections clear on
Management of Suspected Ovarian Masses in Premenopausal Women RCOG, 2011
The document discusses the management of suspected ovarian masses in premenopausal women. It begins by noting that most premenopausal ovarian masses are benign, but differentiating between benign and malignant masses preoperatively can be problematic. It then describes the types of adnexal masses, ways to minimize patient morbidity including conservative management and laparoscopic techniques, the assessment process including history, exam, blood tests, imaging and risk estimation models, and treatment options including surgery.
Cervical cancer screeningppt
This document provides guidelines for cervical cancer screening including:
- Screening should start at age 21 and occur every 3 years until age 30, then every 3 years or every 5 years with HPV co-testing until age 65.
- Screening methods include cytology alone or HPV co-testing. Primary HPV testing is not usually recommended.
- Screening can stop after age 65 for those with adequate negative prior screening and no history of precancerous lesions in the past 20 years.
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
This document discusses cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), a precancerous condition affecting the cervix. It provides a historical background of CIN and describes the grading system used (CIN 1-3). Risk factors for CIN include HPV infection and early sexual activity. CIN results from abnormal cell growth in the cervix due to HPV infection. Progression from CIN to invasive cancer depends on the grade, with higher grades having greater risk. Diagnosis involves Pap testing, colposcopy, and HPV testing.
Importance of Pap Smear in Hysterectomised Patients So That Diagnosis of VAIN...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
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preinvasive lesion of cervix and management ,quick revise tool
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Current concepts in cervical cytology
- 1. Dr.ARVIND RAJWANSHI ( MODERATOR) Dr.Kunal SEHGAL Cervical Cytology : Nomenclature & Classification
- 10. Bethesda System 2001 One example of a significant change in this version of The Bethesda System is the incorporation of the new technology called "liquid-based" collection. Instead of taking a conventional smear that spreads the cell specimen across a glass slide, liquid-based collection involves rinsing or dropping the collection instrument in a vial of liquid fixative. Previous versions of Bethesda required an evaluation of whether the specimen was considered adequate, but criteria were based on the conventional smear and did not address the new technologies. The 2001 Bethesda System incorporates new criteria for evaluating liquid-based specimens.
- 17. Comparison of the Categories Specimen Adequacy and Diagnosis in Bethesda 1991 and 2001 Benign endometrial cells over age 40 years - Other - AGC, AEC AGC-favor neoplastic,AEC-favor neoplastic AMC Adenocarcinoma in situ AGUS–favor reactive, AEC–favor reactive AGUS, NOS, AGUS-EC NOS AGUS-favor neoplastic, AGUS-EC-favor neoplastic AGUS-EM (AMC) - Glandular cells - ASC-US ASC, cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H) LSIL HSIL ASCUS – favor reactive ASCUS – not otherwise specified (NOS) ASCUS – favor SIL Atyical metaplastic cells 6 LSIL HSIL Epithelial cell abnormalities Squamous cells Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NIL) Negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy with reactive / reparative cellular changes Within normal limits (WNL) Reactive/reparative cellular changes (R/R) No epithelial cell abnormality Satisfactory Satisfactory with quality indicator Unsatisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory but limited by… (SBLB) Unsatisfactory Specimen adequacy Bethesda 2001 Modified a Bethesda 1991 Category
- 20. FOR LABORATORY USE ONLY MICROSCOPIN FINDINGS Satisfactory for interpretation Satisfactory but limited Unsatisfactory Within normal limits Benign Cellular changes Epithelial cell abnormality Benign Cellular changes Epithelial cell abnormality Infection Squamous cells TV Candida ASCUS LSIL (mild dysplacia, CIN-I; HPV associated changes Coccobacilli Actino HSIL HSV Other Moderate dysplasia (CIN Grade-II) Severe displasia/CA-in-situ(CIN GradeIII) Reactive changes associated with: Inflamm Repair Squamouc cell CA Invasive Atrophic Radiation Glandular cells Endometrial cells, cytologically benign in a post menopausal IUCD effect Other A typical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS) Adenocarcinoma probable site of origin Endocervical Endometrial Extra Uterine Not otherwise specified Compatible with age and History Other malignant neoplasm Incompatible with age and History Cytodiagnosis _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Recommendation ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Date __________________________ Cytoscreener ______________________ Cytopathologist ____________________