The document discusses the nature and meaning of culture. It defines culture as the complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, morals and customs acquired by people as members of society. The document outlines the key characteristics of culture, including that it is learned, socially transmitted, adaptive and provides a distinctive way of life. It also identifies the main components of culture, such as communication, norms, material objects and cognitive/behavioral aspects. The document examines topics like cultural transmission, importance of culture and related concepts including cultural relativism, ethnocentrism and subcultures. It analyzes factors that account for cultural development and diversity, such as the environment and human adaptability.

1. The Nature and
Meaning of Culture

3. Learning Objectives:
 State operational definition of culture
 Discuss the characteristics
 Enumerate the components of culture and give
examples of each components
 Explain the different views on culture;
 Identify the categories of culture in the
Philippines society
 Give the causes of culture change
 Show the similarities and differences in culture
 Identify the factors or causes that bring about
similarities and difference in culture.

4. The Culture
 It shapes as well as guides people’s
perception of reality since it provides rules of
proper conduct for living in society.
 It includes the values, norms, language,
tools, and other shared products of society
that provide a plan for social life and are
passed on from generation to generation.
 The complex whole which includes
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, morals,
customs and other capabilities and habits
acquired by people as members of society.
 It prescribes what one can and cannot do and
how one should do things in various
situations.
 Culture is a way of life.

5. Characteristics of Culture
 Culture is learned
 Culture is socially transmitted through
language
 Culture is a social product
 Cultures is a source of gratification
 Cultures is adaptive
 Culture is the distinctive way of life of a
group of people
 Culture is material and non-material
 Culture has sanctions and control
 Culture is stable yet dynamic
 Culture is an established pattern of behavior

6. Components
of Culture
COMMUNICATION
Language
Symbols
Ideas
Knowledge
Beliefs
Values
Accounts
Norms
Mores
Laws
Folkways
Rituals
MATERIAL
Tools
Books
Transportaion
Technologies
Medicine
COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL

7. Communication
 Ispokening Inglis
 Slang

8. Communication
 Comes from the Latin word
communicare, “to share, impart
that which is common”
 the major transmitter of culture
 not limited to spoken language

9. Language
 Ano ang punto mo
 Epic Fail
 Attack of the Jejemon

10.  Language
 systematize usage of speech and
hearing to convey, communicate or
express feelings.
 written and spoken words that represent
objects or ideas
 the core of all culture

11. Symbols
 anything that carries a particular meaning
recognized by people who share culture.
 represent something concrete or
something abstract (a concept or idea)
 that which represents something else

12. Cognitive
 Knowledge
 The total range of what has been
learned or perceived as true.
 The storehouse where we accumulate
representations, information, facts,
assumptions, etc.
 Body of information accumulated
through experiences, study or
investigation.

13. Types of Knowledge
 Natural knowledge – accumulated facts
about the natural worlds.
 Supernatural knowledge – perception
about actions of gods, goddesses,
demons angels or spirit.
 Technological knowledge – knowledge
which in nature is useful in dealing with
practical problems.
 Magical knowledge – perceptions
about methods influencing supernatural
events.

14.  Ideas
 Mental representations (concepts,
categories, metaphors) used to
organize stimulus.
 Basic units out of which knowledge is
constructed and a world emerges.
 Beliefs.
 Ideas that people hold about the
universe or any part of the total reality
surrounding them.
 Convictions as to what “is” or “is not”.

15. Superstitious Beliefs
 Mga Pamahiing Pinoy

16. Values
 Person’s ideas about worth and
desirability.
 Values are concerned with
standards of worthiness of what
is good” or bad, what “should be”
or “should not be”.
 Serve as broad guidelines for
social living

17. FILIPINO VALUES
 Magalang na Filipino
 Utang na Loob
 Hate Late

18. Accounts
 Are how people use the common
language to explain, justify,
rationalize, excuse, or legitimize our
behavior to themselves and others.

19. Behavioral Components
 Norms.
 Standards or rules of behavior
expected to follow.
 Societal prescription on how one
is to act on a given situation.
 Specific guidelines for action

20. NORMS
 Social Networking Etiquette

21. Types of norms:
 Mores.
 Standards of conduct that are highly respected and
valued by the group and their fulfillment is felt to be
necessary and vital to group welfare.
 Special type of folkways and represent obligatory
behavior
 Folkways.
The customary rules of conduct that are seen as
appropriate for given situations.
 Laws
Body of rules, made by the government,
interpreted by the courts and backed by the power of
the state.
The function is social engineering
 Rituals
Highly scripted ceremonies or strips of
interaction that follow a specific sequence of actions.
Occur at predetermined times or triggered by
specific cues.

22. 2 Kinds of Mores:
1. Positive Mores or Duty
 “Thou shall behavior”
- Refers to the behavior, which
must and ought to be done
because the are ethically and
morally good.

23. Negative Mores “Taboo”
 “Thou shall not behavior”
 Taboo refers to societal
prohibitions on certain acts
which must not be done.
 Example: Cannabalism

24. Material Component
 Physical objects of culture
 The nature of the material culture
produced by a given society is a
function of the society’s level of
technology, available and needs
of the people.

25. The Organization of Culture
 Cultural Traits.
- Represents a single element or
a combination of elements related to
a specific situation.
- Either a material or non-
material
 Culture complexes
- Clusters of culture traits
 Culture patterns
- Group of clusters of culture
traits

26. Transmission of Culture
 Enculturation
 Process of learning culture of one’s
own group.
 Acculturation
Process of learning some new traits from
another culture.
 Assimilation
Process in which an individual entirely
loses any awareness of his/her previous
identity and takes on the culture and
attitudes of another group.

27. Importance and Functions of
Culture
 Culture helps people adapt to the
demands of the surrounding
physical environment.
 Culture compensate for many
human physical limitations.
 Culture provides ways and means
to regulate human collective
existence.
 Culture increased understanding,
prediction, and appreciation of the
varieties of human behavior found
within societies both past and
present.

28. Sub-Concepts related to
Culture

29. Cultural Relativism
 States that cultures, differ, so
that a cultural traits, act, or idea
has no meaning of function by
itself bus has a meaning only
within its cultural setting (Horton
and Hunt 1985)
 Notion that each culture should be evaluated from
the standpoint of its own setting rather than from the
standpoint of a different culture

30. Culture Shock
 Refers to a feeling of disbelief
 Disorganization
 Frustrations one experiences
when he encounters cultural
patterns

31. Enthnocentrism
 It refers to the tendency to see
behaviors, belief, values, and
norms of own group as the only
right way of living.
 Judging others standards
 Superiority of one’s culture
 Others cultures as inferior

32. Xenocentrism
 Referring to the idea that what is
foreign is best and that one’s
lifestyle, products, ideas are
inferior to the others.
 Westren culture
 Imported products are superior

33. Noble Savage Mentality
 Refers to the evaluation of one’s
culture and that of others based
on the romantic notion that the
culture:
 Primitive
 Simple is better
 More Acceptable
 More Orderly

34. Subculture
 This refers to a social group
which develop norms, values,
belief, and special languages
which can make the distinct
from broader society
 Examples: Tagalogs, Ilokanos, Teen-
agers, Senior citizens, exclusive villages

35. Counterculture or
Contra Culture
 Refers to a subgroups whose
standards come conflict with
and oppose the conventional
standards of the dominant
culture.
 Examples: Criminals, Drug Addicts,
Deviant, Prostitutes, and terrorist

36. Culture Lag
 Refers to a gap between the
material and non-material
culture.
 Examples: New inventions is introduced
before the skills to utilize it.

37. Universal Pattern of Culture
 Refers to a broad areas of social
living found in all societies.
 Refers to features and elements
common to all culture rather
than to the special culture traits
 Examples: Courtship, Dancing, Food,
Taboos, Games, Gestures, Languages,
Hair stylefs

38. Variations of Man’s Behavior
a. Crazes
b. Fads
c. Fashion

39.  Social Experiment

40. Factors that accounts for diversities
or differences in Culture
Factors that account for the
development of Culture

41. Factors account for the
development of culture:
 Human biological needs and
drives
 Psychological Processes
 Man’s highly developed nervous
system
 Man’s highly developed vocal
apparatus
 Man’s Upright posture
 Physical and Social environment

42. Factors that accounts for
diversities or differences in
Culture
 Cultural Variability
 Cultural Relativity
 Environmental Differences
 Human ingenuity and ability to
absorb and expand new culture

43. Are you born into a
Culture or with a
Culture?