The document discusses culture and how it influences human behavior and social organization. It defines culture as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, customs, and habits acquired by people as members of society. Culture determines how basic human needs are met and influences areas like family structures, food, housing, dress, occupations, and social hierarchies. The document examines how culture shapes perception, relationships, roles, personality development, and approaches to management and leadership. It also discusses how cultural change involves conflicts as new roles and power structures emerge.
These are the Slides for MA (Final year) Students of the Department of Social Work, University of Peshawar.
Course Title: Social Institutions and Social System of Pakistani Society
Dr. Imran Ahmad Sajid
These are the Slides for MA (Final year) Students of the Department of Social Work, University of Peshawar.
Course Title: Social Institutions and Social System of Pakistani Society
Dr. Imran Ahmad Sajid
The Five themes of AP World History serve as unifying threads through which you can examine broader themes throughout each period. We use the acronym S.P.I.C.E. (Social; Political; Interactions between humans and the environment; Cultural; Economic)to help you categorize and remember the 5 areas of analysis.
Cross-cultural research at the borders of language, the body, law and the sta...RMBorders
Presentation by Prue Holmes from Durham University (with Jane Andrews, The University of the West of England, Mariam Attia, Durham University and Richard Fay, The University of Manchester) at the Centre of Applied Cross-cultural Research of the Victoria University of Wellington, 26 July 2016
The Five themes of AP World History serve as unifying threads through which you can examine broader themes throughout each period. We use the acronym S.P.I.C.E. (Social; Political; Interactions between humans and the environment; Cultural; Economic)to help you categorize and remember the 5 areas of analysis.
Cross-cultural research at the borders of language, the body, law and the sta...RMBorders
Presentation by Prue Holmes from Durham University (with Jane Andrews, The University of the West of England, Mariam Attia, Durham University and Richard Fay, The University of Manchester) at the Centre of Applied Cross-cultural Research of the Victoria University of Wellington, 26 July 2016
Presentation on international business( differences in culture)Md. Sourav Hossain
This assignment will help every student for making their assignment and presentation better and effective. From it every student will understand the cultural differences in the world.
Culture is a way of life. The food you eat, the clothes you wear, the language you speak in and the God you worship all are aspects of culture. In very simple terms, we can say that culture is the embodiment of the way in which we think and do things. It is also the thing that we have inherited as members of society. All the achievements of human beings as members of social groups can be called culture. Art, music, literature, architecture, sculpture, philosophy, religion and science can be seen as aspects of culture. However, culture also includes the customs, traditions, festivals, ways of living and one’s outlook on various
issues of life.
Democracy Essay. Democracy and Development - Free Essay Example PapersOwl.comKimberly Balentine
Democracy Essay.doc | Democracy | Forms Of Government | Free 30-day .... Essay on Election and Democracy | Election and Democracy Essay for .... Essay On Democracy in India | PDF. Democracy and Education - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Democracy essay in english for ba result. United States and Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... Essay On Democracy | Muhammad Zia Ul Haq | Pakistan. Democracy Essay | Democracy | Initiative.
Culture is increasingly an important element in the tourism workplaces in which it creates distinctiveness and authenticity of diversity and cultural differences does not matters. In this lesson, you will learn about the culture and its impact in the multicultural diversity in workplaces of tourism sectors.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
1. Culture: The complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. 1.The most isolated bits of behaviour have some systematic relation to each other. 2. Culture is a design for living An approved way of meeting certain situations, of sizing them up. 3. These solutions are regarded as the foundations of the universe. We integrate these values into our daily lives, no matter what the difficulties. 4. Some degree of consistency is necessary, otherwise the whole scheme falls apart. 5. To try to keep some part of our lives fenced off where we live by another set of values risks inefficiency and chaos .
2. Characteristics of culture: 1. It is learned behaviour. Formal training is part of it, but probably the most important part is informal, unconscious, almost unintended. 2. Culture is shared with others - it is the common property of a society. 3. Culture influences the ways in which needs are met.
3. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Is it common to all cultures? How to integrate with the notion of cultural differences? Recall that motivation deals with both ends and means. It is not just a question of why we do certain things, but also why we do them in certain ways. This suggests that while Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is common to all peoples and cultures as ends or goals, cultures determine the particular ways in which those needs are met. Self Actualization Social Ego Physical
4. Examples: (i). Marriage and family arrangements - nowhere and at no time have they been merely random. But the variety of arrangements developed by human cultures span the whole range of possibilities: unlimited polygamy in Bantu Africa limited polygamy in Islam monogamy in Western society polyandry in some tribes in India, and in Tibet The same basic rule applies in Africa and Islam - a man must be able afford the extra wives, and he must treat them all equally. (ii) Food. Some prohibit pork, some prohibit beef, and in many African tribes one or another animal is sacred, a totem, and not hunted. Food items which not all might find attractive: puff adder stew, mopane worms, hákarl, svið.
5. (iii) Shelter and housing : igloos, tipis, rondavels, sod huts, log cabins - housing is a function of natural resources as well as life style Hunter gatherers and nomads cannot afford to have permanent homes or possessions. (iv) Proper dress: The national dress for Batswana is - nothing! Young children wear a string of beads around their waist. Inuit wear skin suits. Persian Shi’ites wear western dress. Arabs wear thaubs - but some have short thaubs and long beards, others have long thaubs and short beards. Note that cultural specifications often have an underlying basis in reality. - Pork transmits tapeworm. - Veiling of Arab women is based on protecting their complexions from shamals - the windstorms off the Iraqi desert. (v) Ways of earning a living : Traditional professions: law, religion, government, medicine preferred to modern ones - engineering, commerce, industry Finance is preferred to trade or manufacturing.
6. Influence of Culture on Perception, Relationships and Behaviour 1. The manners of scarcity and poverty (i) Tradition among the Bedouin of the desert is that you must give hospitality to the stranger, even if he is your enemy, for up to three days (ii) Among the Bantu, politeness requires that you serve to you visitor, to show you are not so poor you don’t have a surplus. Tradition also requires that you leave something on the plate - to show that you are not that famished. (iii) Even the poor indulge in conspicuous consumption. Batswana interplant watermelons among the sorghum, then use it for a party, eating only the sweetest centre. They told us Canadians we ate it like dogs, because we ate it down to the white rind. But for Canadians watermelon is an expensive delicacy!
7. 2. Perception of the physical world - American site engineer told his bricklayer the wall was crooked, but the bricklayer insisted it was straight, and proved it with his level. But it turned out the level was out of plumb, and the wall was crooked. The engineer’s explanation was that there was nothing perpendicular in the workman’s world.He lived in a village with round houses on meandering roads and paths, none of which was straight and that never intersected at right angles.
8. 3. Class structure seems to be a universal characteristic of all human cultures. Each is divided into layers of one sort or another. They may be very obvious as the caste system in India, or semi-obvious as with the titles aristocracy in the UK, or may be relatively hidden to all but insiders. e.g. when Kristjan Eldjarn was elected President of Iceland in the mid 60’s, Time magazine expressed surprise at the election of this unknown person. This in turn became an insider’s joke in Iceland, for everyone knew he came from one of the best families….In Iceland there are no family names, much less titles, to guide the outsider, but people know their genealogies. The old people’s first question to the young stranger is the same in Iceland, Bahrain and Botswana: “Whose child are you?” Societies can be stratified by age, by sex, by occupation, by education, by ethnic origins, by religion, by place of residence, or by almost anything that can serve as a distinguishing mark.
9. Culture affects behaviour through its impact on structure of personality: (i) Role theory: Personality consists of a set of learned roles, the correct behaviour in a particular situation: teacher/pupil interaction weddings, funerals, birthday parties boss/subordinate interaction boy/girl relationships There is a correct way to herd goats, build a dhow, drive a car, raise children. Role theory places a premium on standard responses to standard situations. Problems can arise when circumstances change and the standard behaviours no longer produce satisfactory outcomes.
10. (ii) Researchers such as Freud, Erikson, McClelland, Hagen argue that the way in which cultures raise their children, from infancy on, affects the fundamental structure of their personality and their motive structure. Hence particular patterns of child raising will generate particular patterns of motive structure or personality in a society or culture. Although Hofstede has not really argued the source of the differences, his researches have generated general acceptance of systematic personality differences among cultures, or clusters of cultures.
11. Culture and Management Differences in culture will affect the ways in which cultures structure their organizations, whether economic, political, military or other. At the same time differences in culture will generate and legitimate different patterns of interaction among members of a group or organization, and will legitimate particular patterns of authority relationships. I illustrate this using the four dimensions which Hofstede has identified.
12. 1. Power Distance: This refers to the degree to which social inequalities are emphasized. High power distance places strong emphasis on formal authority, hierarchy and obedience. Low power distance means there is little difference in hierarchical status; relationships among members of the society and its organs are relatively egalitarian. High power distance would be typical of Theory X management, low power distance of Theory Y.
13. 2.Individualism High individualism places emphasis on individual achievement and innovation. Low scores means culture places high emphasis on group harmony and conformity to group norms. High individualism would be associated with Theory Y.
14. 3. Uncertainty Avoidance Reflects the extent to which ambiguity or uncertainty generate anxiety in the culture. Related to the concept of tolerance for ambiguity. High uncertainty avoidance means the culture has high regard for structure, rituals and formal procedures. Low uncertainty avoidance implies the culture place little importance on the formality of structures and arrangements, and are quite willing to adopt or create structures or relationships as required to deal with particular situations. High uncertainty avoidance would seem to be related to Theory X style.
15. 4. Masculinity/ femininity High masculinity values assertiveness, decisiveness and competitiveness. Low masculinity/high femininity is more concerned with nurturing relationships and maintenance of group solidarity. This dimension seems to have less to do with Theory X-Theory Y and more to do with the fundamentals of group functioning - the distinction between task roles and maintenance roles within the group.
16. Hofstede has also identified a fifth cluster, which he calls Confucian dynamism, to help explain the phenomenon of widespread successful entrepreneurship in East Asian cultures. The implication is that the philosophical/religious value system of a culture is also an important determinant of members behaviour. (This is an idea that goes back to Max Weber’s “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism”.)
17. Development and Cultural Change It is conventional to define development in economic terms, but it can be manifested in any field of endeavour - religion, music, art, politics, etc. One cannot change one thing in a culture in isolation. Because of interdependence other elements of the culture will have to adjust as well. Successful development always involves conflict: (i) Role conflict between existing roles may be heightened. (ii) New roles may be defined, which will generate new types or dimensions of conflict. (iii) Successful development always involves a redistribution of power within the culture. Losers see themselves threatened and will oppose the change. Winners may try to use their larger power base as a source of further aggrandisement.
18. Introducing Change: Since everything is interconnected, one has a choice of entry points. Unsuccessful change initiatives may be attributable to incomplete or inadequate attention being paid to one or more of the fundamental factors. Task Structure Technology People
19. Examples 1. Rate of economic growth depends on the size of the labour force. Question: Is the labour force half as big or twice as big? i.e. Are women part of the labour force? 2. Very high levels of national income can be used to pay the costs of avoiding or minimizing change, e.g. Saudi Arabia and other oil countries which provide duplicate separate facilities for men and women - education, shopping, hospitals. 3. Bahrain and Botswana have become fundamentally monogamous societies over the course of the past generation, although polygamy is still legal in both. Young men feel they can not afford the cost of housing and education for two families (and indeed the average family size has gone down). Young women have been spoiled by education are are no longer willing to share themselves.