The document summarizes a presentation given by Charlie Brandt on ocean energy and renewable resources. It discusses how population growth and economic activity are increasing global energy demand, particularly in developing nations like China and India. This is driving up coal prices and electricity costs. It then outlines the potential of ocean renewable resources like hydrokinetic, offshore wind, and algal biofuels to provide large amounts of clean energy near coastal demand centers.
This document discusses renewable energy potential and deployment scenarios in Cambridgeshire, England. It finds that Cambridgeshire has significant potential for renewable electricity and heat, especially from solar, biomass, heat pumps, and wind. Modeling four scenarios, the medium to high scenarios could deliver UK renewable energy and carbon targets by 2031, representing £3-6 billion in investment potential. Three primary delivery pathways are examined: public sector, community, and commercial, with community having potential from solar, heat pumps, wind, and solar water heating totaling hundreds of millions of pounds in capital expenditures.
What is Cambridshire's potential for renewable energy? – Duncan Price, Camcocrifcambs
Duncan and his team have identified a range of different technologies that could generate energy locally, providing greater self-sufficiency for Cambridgeshire and buffering it from the impacts of global competition for fossil fuels – a decreasing resource.
This presentation is capturing an indicative scale and range of technologies to demonstrate the energy challenge Cambridgeshire faces. The CRIF project is taking this work and talking to our communities, businesses and public sector partners to inform debate on what is realistic and feasible for Cambridgeshire.
1) The document analyzes the global and national mitigation costs of alternative metrics for comparing greenhouse gases like 100-year global warming potentials (GWPs) and global temperature change potentials (GTPs).
2) It finds that while alternative metrics address some issues with GWPs, fixed 100-year GTPs are even less cost-effective than GWPs globally. Time-dependent GTPs that focus on temperature change in 2100 could be more cost-effective.
3) For New Zealand, the economic implications of alternative metrics depend on assumptions about agriculture emissions reductions and global climate policy scenarios more than the metrics alone.
Camco CRIF presentation public sector 12 oct 2011crifcambs
The document presents a framework for increasing renewable energy deployment in Cambridgeshire. It finds that the county has significant potential for solar, biomass, heat pumps, and wind energy under different scenarios. Deployment could range from a low scenario of 8% to a high scenario of 30% by 2031, closing the carbon gap. This would represent billions of pounds in investment. Key pathways for deployment include public sector, community, and commercial. The public sector could maximize the potential of its assets and policies to attract investment. Communities need funding and guidance. The commercial sector requires a supportive policy framework and opportunities to be clearly identified.
This document summarizes Hawaii's progress towards achieving its goal of generating 70% of the state's energy from clean, renewable sources by 2030. It outlines that Hawaii has become a leader in clean energy and has seen over $1 billion in economic growth from its clean energy industries in 2011. It also details the state's Renewable Portfolio Standard goals of achieving 10% renewable energy by 2010, 15% by 2015, 25% by 2020, and 40% by 2030 according to a mandate for each electric utility. Charts show that while progress has been made, more work remains to meet the ambitious 2030 goal.
The document summarizes a study assessing the impacts of existing and planned water resource development projects in Ethiopia under a projected climate change scenario. The study uses climate, hydrological, and water resource models to evaluate irrigation demands, hydropower production, and downstream flows under current development levels and two increased development scenarios. The results indicate that under a mid-range climate change scenario, irrigation demands will likely increase while hydropower production and downstream flows will decrease by the late 21st century. This highlights the need to consider climate change impacts and adaptation in water resources planning and management.
The document discusses biomass and biofuel technologies in Wallonia, Belgium. It begins by describing various biomass sources like woodfuel, crops, and organic waste. It then outlines several processes for extracting energy from biomass, such as direct combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, and fermentation. The document provides statistics on biomass usage in Europe and trends over time. It also profiles the biomass market and pellet production in Wallonia and Belgium. Finally, it discusses various power production and biofuel technologies employed by Walloon companies, including biomass gasification, biomethanation, and biofuel synthesis from lignocellulosic biomass.
This document summarizes CO2 emissions data for Lewes, UK between 2005 and 2009. It shows that:
- 37% of Lewes' emissions came from industry and commercial sectors, 36% from domestic uses, and 27% from road transport.
- Lewes' per capita emissions were higher than the national and regional averages, at around 2.5 tonnes per person per year.
- Emissions from domestic uses decreased over time, in line with national trends of reduced gas consumption. Emissions from industry/commercial and road transport remained relatively stable.
This document discusses renewable energy potential and deployment scenarios in Cambridgeshire, England. It finds that Cambridgeshire has significant potential for renewable electricity and heat, especially from solar, biomass, heat pumps, and wind. Modeling four scenarios, the medium to high scenarios could deliver UK renewable energy and carbon targets by 2031, representing £3-6 billion in investment potential. Three primary delivery pathways are examined: public sector, community, and commercial, with community having potential from solar, heat pumps, wind, and solar water heating totaling hundreds of millions of pounds in capital expenditures.
What is Cambridshire's potential for renewable energy? – Duncan Price, Camcocrifcambs
Duncan and his team have identified a range of different technologies that could generate energy locally, providing greater self-sufficiency for Cambridgeshire and buffering it from the impacts of global competition for fossil fuels – a decreasing resource.
This presentation is capturing an indicative scale and range of technologies to demonstrate the energy challenge Cambridgeshire faces. The CRIF project is taking this work and talking to our communities, businesses and public sector partners to inform debate on what is realistic and feasible for Cambridgeshire.
1) The document analyzes the global and national mitigation costs of alternative metrics for comparing greenhouse gases like 100-year global warming potentials (GWPs) and global temperature change potentials (GTPs).
2) It finds that while alternative metrics address some issues with GWPs, fixed 100-year GTPs are even less cost-effective than GWPs globally. Time-dependent GTPs that focus on temperature change in 2100 could be more cost-effective.
3) For New Zealand, the economic implications of alternative metrics depend on assumptions about agriculture emissions reductions and global climate policy scenarios more than the metrics alone.
Camco CRIF presentation public sector 12 oct 2011crifcambs
The document presents a framework for increasing renewable energy deployment in Cambridgeshire. It finds that the county has significant potential for solar, biomass, heat pumps, and wind energy under different scenarios. Deployment could range from a low scenario of 8% to a high scenario of 30% by 2031, closing the carbon gap. This would represent billions of pounds in investment. Key pathways for deployment include public sector, community, and commercial. The public sector could maximize the potential of its assets and policies to attract investment. Communities need funding and guidance. The commercial sector requires a supportive policy framework and opportunities to be clearly identified.
This document summarizes Hawaii's progress towards achieving its goal of generating 70% of the state's energy from clean, renewable sources by 2030. It outlines that Hawaii has become a leader in clean energy and has seen over $1 billion in economic growth from its clean energy industries in 2011. It also details the state's Renewable Portfolio Standard goals of achieving 10% renewable energy by 2010, 15% by 2015, 25% by 2020, and 40% by 2030 according to a mandate for each electric utility. Charts show that while progress has been made, more work remains to meet the ambitious 2030 goal.
The document summarizes a study assessing the impacts of existing and planned water resource development projects in Ethiopia under a projected climate change scenario. The study uses climate, hydrological, and water resource models to evaluate irrigation demands, hydropower production, and downstream flows under current development levels and two increased development scenarios. The results indicate that under a mid-range climate change scenario, irrigation demands will likely increase while hydropower production and downstream flows will decrease by the late 21st century. This highlights the need to consider climate change impacts and adaptation in water resources planning and management.
The document discusses biomass and biofuel technologies in Wallonia, Belgium. It begins by describing various biomass sources like woodfuel, crops, and organic waste. It then outlines several processes for extracting energy from biomass, such as direct combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, and fermentation. The document provides statistics on biomass usage in Europe and trends over time. It also profiles the biomass market and pellet production in Wallonia and Belgium. Finally, it discusses various power production and biofuel technologies employed by Walloon companies, including biomass gasification, biomethanation, and biofuel synthesis from lignocellulosic biomass.
This document summarizes CO2 emissions data for Lewes, UK between 2005 and 2009. It shows that:
- 37% of Lewes' emissions came from industry and commercial sectors, 36% from domestic uses, and 27% from road transport.
- Lewes' per capita emissions were higher than the national and regional averages, at around 2.5 tonnes per person per year.
- Emissions from domestic uses decreased over time, in line with national trends of reduced gas consumption. Emissions from industry/commercial and road transport remained relatively stable.
The document summarizes renewable energy development in Germany. It notes that renewable energy targets include achieving 18% of final energy consumption from renewables by 2020, and increasing to 60% by 2050. It also outlines Germany's plan to phase out nuclear energy completely by 2022 following Fukushima. Charts show strong growth in wind, solar PV, and biomass electricity generation due to Germany's feed-in tariff policy. Renewables contributed over 25% of Germany's electricity in 2012 and 10.4% of heat in 2011.
The document presents data on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Eastbourne, UK from 2005 to 2009. It shows that:
1) CO2 emissions in Eastbourne decreased from 505 kilotonnes in 2005 to 458 kilotonnes in 2009.
2) Road transport accounted for the largest share of CO2 emissions in Eastbourne (42% in 2009), followed by domestic emissions (37%) and emissions from industry and commercial sectors (21%).
3) Per capita CO2 emissions in Eastbourne were higher than the national and regional averages for road transport and domestic emissions but lower for industry and commercial emissions.
Origin is Australia's leading integrated energy company that provides energy risk management services to large commercial and industrial clients. Total annual energy consumption among Origin's major customers is around 70 TWh of electricity and 320 PJ of gas. Since the 1960s, gas reserves in Eastern Australia have increased significantly through exploration and development of resources in several basins. LNG exports from Queensland are projected to become the largest source of gas demand in Eastern Australia by 2016. Electricity demand growth forecasts have been revised downwards, which may reduce growth in gas-fired power generation. Effective energy risk management requires understanding all aspects of the energy supply chain.
Comtech - Methods to IncreaseTthroughput for Point-to-Point LinksSematron UK Ltd
This white paper compares methods to increase throughput for point-to-point satellite links, including Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) and DoubleTalk Carrier-in-Carrier (CnC) technology. It provides four case studies analyzing scenarios using a 10 Mbps synchronous data rate with 99.95% availability over Ku-band. Scenario 1 analyzes a conventional two-carrier link and CnC link without ACM, finding no increase in total data rate.
The document discusses a Euro-Mediterranean energy market integration project. It presents Jordan's national budget allocation chart for renewable energy and energy efficiency investments from 2010 to 2020. The chart identifies the most cost-effective technologies to achieve energy supply diversification, sustainability, and security in Jordan. It analyzes 20 renewable energy technologies and 9 energy efficiency technologies based on their potential, costs, and electricity savings to help allocate scarce budget efficiently and set priorities. The results will be disseminated through seminars and presentations to relevant decision makers to inform Jordan's energy plans and policies.
SiS Energy Sources And The Climate Change Nexus Brockway 2007guestb40d60
The document discusses Australia's energy needs and climate change challenges. It shows that modern lifestyles demand high energy consumption. Coal currently makes up the largest portion of greenhouse gas emissions in Australia. The document outlines CSIRO's priorities to cut emissions from energy generation and use, increase fuel self-sufficiency, and enhance Australia's energy resources. A number of strategies are presented to achieve at least a 50% reduction in emissions by 2050, including distributed generation, energy efficiency, renewables, nuclear, cleaner fossil fuels, carbon capture and storage, more efficient transport, and synthetic fuels. It is noted that Australia's R&D capability in these areas is under threat.
Biodiversity conservation and protected areasMarco Pautasso
A selection of UK national parks, Peak Districts, Exmoor, South Downs, Dartmoor, New Forest, Snowdonia, Lake District, Scholarships, Summer Schools. A selection of US national parks: Yosemite, Yellowstone, Everglades,
The document discusses the importance of coal for reliable and affordable energy. It summarizes that coal supplies over 40% of global electricity and is critical for energy security in developing countries due to its low cost. The U.S. has over 200 years of economically recoverable coal reserves and coal is projected to supply around 40% of U.S. electricity for decades to come due to its competitive price and reliability compared to other fuels.
Deep ocean mining targets volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) ore deposits on the seafloor that contain valuable metals like copper, zinc, gold and silver. These deposits form from hydrothermal vents where superheated water and dissolved metals erupt from underwater volcanoes. While explored in the 1970s, the technology was not advanced enough to mine economically. However, with rising demand and limited new sources of critical metals, companies are again looking to mine these deep ocean deposits using new mining machines and ship-based processing. One project, Solwara 1 off Papua New Guinea, aims to extract over a million tons per year of high-grade copper and gold starting in 2013 at a depth of 1,600
The document discusses several ways in which the ocean provides resources to humans, including fresh water through distillation, minerals in nodules on the seafloor, and food through fishing and aquaculture. It also notes concerns about increased pollution in the ocean from substances like lead and plastic, as well as how ocean currents circulate globally through surface currents driven by winds and the Coriolis effect and deep currents driven by temperature differences.
The document discusses environmental issues arising from the use of ocean resources for food and energy. It identifies problems related to increasing human population such as greater resource usage, pollution, hazardous waste, and overexploitation of oceans. Specific issues covered include oil spills from shipping and extraction, pollution of ocean surfaces, threats to marine life from overexploitation, and property damage from natural hazards. The document suggests approaches like aquaculture, regular shoreline cleanups, and zoning laws to help address these problems.
The document discusses oil and gas extraction and processing, including oil refining to produce fuels and other products, methods for extracting petroleum from the earth, the composition of natural gas, and job roles related to process operation and petroleum engineering.
I prepared this presentation for the end of semester. You can use it as you find it helpful.
Currently I am creating ElifNotes ( https://elifnotes.com ) for students looking help in English Literature studies.
http://www.twitter.com/cockermouse
2007 drilling drlg sym - optimizing bit performancefrancoiskdevos
This document discusses using mechanical specific energy (MSE) to optimize drilling performance. It defines MSE and provides the MSE equation. MSE can be used to determine optimal weight on bit and rotary speed through drill-off tests. Real-time MSE monitoring helps identify drilling inefficiencies and determine when to replace bits. Graphs of MSE trends over time help estimate bit wear and predict performance.
The document provides an overview of the Nile Basin Focal Project. It discusses key facts about the Nile River basin including its length, basin area, and population of riparian countries. It outlines the importance of the Nile in terms of countries' dependence on it for water and as an opportunity, as well as its ecosystem functions and development potentials. It then discusses some key problems related to the project, including water, food, and poverty issues like drought, famine, and how the majority of the population engages in agriculture.
This document provides an overview of energy and utilities, including types of energy, statistics on energy usage, and the future of clean and renewable energy sources. It discusses how fossil fuel usage will lead to an energy crisis this century, forcing development of alternative energy. While renewable energy development is slow currently, awareness and government policies are growing. The document presents data on global electricity generation trends over time and forecasts continued growth in renewable sources like hydropower, wind, solar and others between now and 2035.
An overview of Energy & utilities industry. In the future, civilization will be forced to research and develop alternative energy sources. Our current rate of fossil fuel usage will lead to an energy crisis this century. In order to survive the energy crisis, many companies in the energy industry are inventing new ways to extract energy from renewable sources. While the rate of development is slow, mainstream awareness and government pressures are growing.
The deck talks about the needs of energy awareness and consumer education about the terminologies and technologies within the industry value chain so, energy can be consumed efficiently and smartly.
This document provides an overview of energy and utilities, including types of energy, statistics on energy usage, and the future of clean and renewable energy sources. It discusses how fossil fuel usage will lead to an energy crisis this century, forcing development of alternative energy. While renewable energy development is slow currently, awareness and government policies are growing. The document presents data on global electricity generation trends over time and forecasts continued growth in renewable sources like hydropower, wind, solar and others to help address rising energy demand.
Drivers of change in the Blue Nile Basin pose great challenges and opportunities for Ethiopia. Over 40% of Ethiopia's population lives in poverty and relies on subsistence farming vulnerable to climate variability. Population growth is 3.2% annually, increasing pressure on scarce land and water resources. Political changes have shifted to a more market-oriented economy, but land ownership remains with the state and water agreements with downstream countries are still pending. Technological innovations are improving access to information for farmers but infrastructure expansion is still needed nationwide.
This document summarizes key issues and lessons from water resources planning and governance in highly contested river basins:
1. In heavily used river basins, it is no longer possible to allocate water to meet all demands. Water resources planning must shift to view water as integrated into the economy, not separate from it.
2. Social and cultural values must be understood and incorporated into the planning process, as people's values matter greatly in contested basins.
3. Environmental protection arguments require strong evidence when water development offers clear social and economic benefits, especially in developing countries. Good science and monitoring are needed.
4. Challenges of water, food, and energy security are intricately linked and must
Global power demand is growing faster than demand for fossil fuels and shows few signs of moderating according to the International Energy Agency. Electricity demand is projected to grow 84% between 2009 and 2035, more rapidly than gas, coal, or oil. All sectors will see higher electricity demand, with non-OECD countries accounting for over 80% of the increase. Decarbonizing the energy system to limit global warming will require scaling up all low-carbon electricity sources like renewables, nuclear, and integrating them into grids through measures like storage and interconnection to ensure stable supplies.
The document summarizes renewable energy development in Germany. It notes that renewable energy targets include achieving 18% of final energy consumption from renewables by 2020, and increasing to 60% by 2050. It also outlines Germany's plan to phase out nuclear energy completely by 2022 following Fukushima. Charts show strong growth in wind, solar PV, and biomass electricity generation due to Germany's feed-in tariff policy. Renewables contributed over 25% of Germany's electricity in 2012 and 10.4% of heat in 2011.
The document presents data on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Eastbourne, UK from 2005 to 2009. It shows that:
1) CO2 emissions in Eastbourne decreased from 505 kilotonnes in 2005 to 458 kilotonnes in 2009.
2) Road transport accounted for the largest share of CO2 emissions in Eastbourne (42% in 2009), followed by domestic emissions (37%) and emissions from industry and commercial sectors (21%).
3) Per capita CO2 emissions in Eastbourne were higher than the national and regional averages for road transport and domestic emissions but lower for industry and commercial emissions.
Origin is Australia's leading integrated energy company that provides energy risk management services to large commercial and industrial clients. Total annual energy consumption among Origin's major customers is around 70 TWh of electricity and 320 PJ of gas. Since the 1960s, gas reserves in Eastern Australia have increased significantly through exploration and development of resources in several basins. LNG exports from Queensland are projected to become the largest source of gas demand in Eastern Australia by 2016. Electricity demand growth forecasts have been revised downwards, which may reduce growth in gas-fired power generation. Effective energy risk management requires understanding all aspects of the energy supply chain.
Comtech - Methods to IncreaseTthroughput for Point-to-Point LinksSematron UK Ltd
This white paper compares methods to increase throughput for point-to-point satellite links, including Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) and DoubleTalk Carrier-in-Carrier (CnC) technology. It provides four case studies analyzing scenarios using a 10 Mbps synchronous data rate with 99.95% availability over Ku-band. Scenario 1 analyzes a conventional two-carrier link and CnC link without ACM, finding no increase in total data rate.
The document discusses a Euro-Mediterranean energy market integration project. It presents Jordan's national budget allocation chart for renewable energy and energy efficiency investments from 2010 to 2020. The chart identifies the most cost-effective technologies to achieve energy supply diversification, sustainability, and security in Jordan. It analyzes 20 renewable energy technologies and 9 energy efficiency technologies based on their potential, costs, and electricity savings to help allocate scarce budget efficiently and set priorities. The results will be disseminated through seminars and presentations to relevant decision makers to inform Jordan's energy plans and policies.
SiS Energy Sources And The Climate Change Nexus Brockway 2007guestb40d60
The document discusses Australia's energy needs and climate change challenges. It shows that modern lifestyles demand high energy consumption. Coal currently makes up the largest portion of greenhouse gas emissions in Australia. The document outlines CSIRO's priorities to cut emissions from energy generation and use, increase fuel self-sufficiency, and enhance Australia's energy resources. A number of strategies are presented to achieve at least a 50% reduction in emissions by 2050, including distributed generation, energy efficiency, renewables, nuclear, cleaner fossil fuels, carbon capture and storage, more efficient transport, and synthetic fuels. It is noted that Australia's R&D capability in these areas is under threat.
Biodiversity conservation and protected areasMarco Pautasso
A selection of UK national parks, Peak Districts, Exmoor, South Downs, Dartmoor, New Forest, Snowdonia, Lake District, Scholarships, Summer Schools. A selection of US national parks: Yosemite, Yellowstone, Everglades,
The document discusses the importance of coal for reliable and affordable energy. It summarizes that coal supplies over 40% of global electricity and is critical for energy security in developing countries due to its low cost. The U.S. has over 200 years of economically recoverable coal reserves and coal is projected to supply around 40% of U.S. electricity for decades to come due to its competitive price and reliability compared to other fuels.
Deep ocean mining targets volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) ore deposits on the seafloor that contain valuable metals like copper, zinc, gold and silver. These deposits form from hydrothermal vents where superheated water and dissolved metals erupt from underwater volcanoes. While explored in the 1970s, the technology was not advanced enough to mine economically. However, with rising demand and limited new sources of critical metals, companies are again looking to mine these deep ocean deposits using new mining machines and ship-based processing. One project, Solwara 1 off Papua New Guinea, aims to extract over a million tons per year of high-grade copper and gold starting in 2013 at a depth of 1,600
The document discusses several ways in which the ocean provides resources to humans, including fresh water through distillation, minerals in nodules on the seafloor, and food through fishing and aquaculture. It also notes concerns about increased pollution in the ocean from substances like lead and plastic, as well as how ocean currents circulate globally through surface currents driven by winds and the Coriolis effect and deep currents driven by temperature differences.
The document discusses environmental issues arising from the use of ocean resources for food and energy. It identifies problems related to increasing human population such as greater resource usage, pollution, hazardous waste, and overexploitation of oceans. Specific issues covered include oil spills from shipping and extraction, pollution of ocean surfaces, threats to marine life from overexploitation, and property damage from natural hazards. The document suggests approaches like aquaculture, regular shoreline cleanups, and zoning laws to help address these problems.
The document discusses oil and gas extraction and processing, including oil refining to produce fuels and other products, methods for extracting petroleum from the earth, the composition of natural gas, and job roles related to process operation and petroleum engineering.
I prepared this presentation for the end of semester. You can use it as you find it helpful.
Currently I am creating ElifNotes ( https://elifnotes.com ) for students looking help in English Literature studies.
http://www.twitter.com/cockermouse
2007 drilling drlg sym - optimizing bit performancefrancoiskdevos
This document discusses using mechanical specific energy (MSE) to optimize drilling performance. It defines MSE and provides the MSE equation. MSE can be used to determine optimal weight on bit and rotary speed through drill-off tests. Real-time MSE monitoring helps identify drilling inefficiencies and determine when to replace bits. Graphs of MSE trends over time help estimate bit wear and predict performance.
The document provides an overview of the Nile Basin Focal Project. It discusses key facts about the Nile River basin including its length, basin area, and population of riparian countries. It outlines the importance of the Nile in terms of countries' dependence on it for water and as an opportunity, as well as its ecosystem functions and development potentials. It then discusses some key problems related to the project, including water, food, and poverty issues like drought, famine, and how the majority of the population engages in agriculture.
This document provides an overview of energy and utilities, including types of energy, statistics on energy usage, and the future of clean and renewable energy sources. It discusses how fossil fuel usage will lead to an energy crisis this century, forcing development of alternative energy. While renewable energy development is slow currently, awareness and government policies are growing. The document presents data on global electricity generation trends over time and forecasts continued growth in renewable sources like hydropower, wind, solar and others between now and 2035.
An overview of Energy & utilities industry. In the future, civilization will be forced to research and develop alternative energy sources. Our current rate of fossil fuel usage will lead to an energy crisis this century. In order to survive the energy crisis, many companies in the energy industry are inventing new ways to extract energy from renewable sources. While the rate of development is slow, mainstream awareness and government pressures are growing.
The deck talks about the needs of energy awareness and consumer education about the terminologies and technologies within the industry value chain so, energy can be consumed efficiently and smartly.
This document provides an overview of energy and utilities, including types of energy, statistics on energy usage, and the future of clean and renewable energy sources. It discusses how fossil fuel usage will lead to an energy crisis this century, forcing development of alternative energy. While renewable energy development is slow currently, awareness and government policies are growing. The document presents data on global electricity generation trends over time and forecasts continued growth in renewable sources like hydropower, wind, solar and others to help address rising energy demand.
Drivers of change in the Blue Nile Basin pose great challenges and opportunities for Ethiopia. Over 40% of Ethiopia's population lives in poverty and relies on subsistence farming vulnerable to climate variability. Population growth is 3.2% annually, increasing pressure on scarce land and water resources. Political changes have shifted to a more market-oriented economy, but land ownership remains with the state and water agreements with downstream countries are still pending. Technological innovations are improving access to information for farmers but infrastructure expansion is still needed nationwide.
This document summarizes key issues and lessons from water resources planning and governance in highly contested river basins:
1. In heavily used river basins, it is no longer possible to allocate water to meet all demands. Water resources planning must shift to view water as integrated into the economy, not separate from it.
2. Social and cultural values must be understood and incorporated into the planning process, as people's values matter greatly in contested basins.
3. Environmental protection arguments require strong evidence when water development offers clear social and economic benefits, especially in developing countries. Good science and monitoring are needed.
4. Challenges of water, food, and energy security are intricately linked and must
Global power demand is growing faster than demand for fossil fuels and shows few signs of moderating according to the International Energy Agency. Electricity demand is projected to grow 84% between 2009 and 2035, more rapidly than gas, coal, or oil. All sectors will see higher electricity demand, with non-OECD countries accounting for over 80% of the increase. Decarbonizing the energy system to limit global warming will require scaling up all low-carbon electricity sources like renewables, nuclear, and integrating them into grids through measures like storage and interconnection to ensure stable supplies.
Siliken is a global integrated solar photovoltaic company with presence in manufacturing, sales, distribution, and project development. The corporate presentation highlights:
1) Siliken has over 400MW of module manufacturing capacity across plants in Mexico, Romania, Canada, and Spain.
2) Quality and technology are strategic strengths, shown through proprietary manufacturing processes, certification achievements, and independent laboratory test results ranking Siliken modules highly.
3) The company has a global sales presence in over 20 countries through subsidiaries and distributors, allowing it to serve ground and rooftop installation markets worldwide.
2008 annual report for Timminco Limited. Timminco (TSX: TIM) is a leader in the production of low cost solar grade silicon for the rapidly growing solar photovoltaic energy industry.
The document summarizes the state of renewable energy in 2006. It discusses the growth of the renewable energy industry to $30 billion in sales in 2005. Key points covered include policy developments in the US and abroad, the challenges and opportunities for scaling up different renewable technologies, and forecasts showing renewable energy could provide a substantial portion of total energy by 2050 if policies and commitments are put in place. The presentation argues the US is moving from a phase of developing renewable technologies to a phase of large-scale utilization, but needs stable long-term federal and state policies and investments to fully realize renewable energy's potential.
NJFuture Redevelopment Forum 13 Infrastructure StricklandNew Jersey Future
1) Climate change and hurricanes like Sandy are exacerbating infrastructure challenges in New York City due to rising sea levels, coastal flooding, and increased rainfall.
2) The city is investing over $10 billion in wastewater treatment upgrades and green infrastructure projects like bioswales and blue and green roofs to reduce combined sewer overflows in a more cost-effective manner than traditional grey infrastructure alone.
3) An analysis showed that a green infrastructure approach could reduce annual combined sewer overflow volumes by 21% compared to 17% for a grey-only approach, while costing $3.9 billion versus $6.8 billion. The green strategy performs better at lower costs.
Market Research Sweden - Wind Energy Market in Sweden 2009Netscribes, Inc.
Wind energy has grown rapidly in Sweden due to geographical advantages for wind power generation and policies discouraging conventional energy. The country aims to generate 30 TWh annually from wind by 2020. Drivers include the green certificate system providing incentives and falling costs of wind energy. Challenges are legislative shortcomings and a weakening currency. Major players in the expanding market include Eolus Vind and Vattenfall.
This document summarizes the views of a utility manager on integrating renewable energy resources like wind and solar power. The manager expresses concerns that (1) adding more intermittent renewables could exacerbate technical grid issues before they are fully resolved, (2) the high costs of renewables may not create enough permanent jobs to justify the rate increases borne by customers, and (3) public policy priorities should not ignore technical grid constraints or total cost impacts to customers.
The document discusses how ocean renewable energy could provide value as an alternative resource for balancing wind generation and integrating more renewable energy onto the electric grid in the Pacific Northwest region. Specifically, it notes that ocean energy could serve as 1) an alternative ancillary service for balancing the variability of wind power, 2) a non-wiring alternative to costly transmission upgrades needed to integrate more wind, and 3) a potentially lower-cost alternative for states like Washington, Oregon and California to meet renewable portfolio standards. The document also provides background on wind growth in the region and the challenges and opportunities around integrating ocean energy into the electric grid.
The document summarizes the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management's (BOEM) renewable energy program and activities. It discusses BOEM's role in managing renewable energy development on the Outer Continental Shelf, including coordinating with other agencies and stakeholders. It also provides details on BOEM's planning process, leasing process, research studies, and current renewable energy activities and interests for different ocean regions.
Jason Busch discusses building an ocean wave energy industry in Oregon. The Oregon Wave Energy Trust (OWET) and Pacific Ocean Energy Trust (POET) were created to support the responsible development of wave energy in the Pacific Northwest. Key elements to developing the industry include environmental assessments, public participation, technology research and development, regulatory support, and engaging utility markets. OWET has supported projects from companies like Ocean Power Technologies and Aquamarine Power to deploy wave energy technologies and connect devices to the electric grid.
This document discusses Washington state's considerations around ocean energy from a fish and wildlife perspective. It notes that Washington was an early leader in wind power, having the first utility-scale wind project in 2001 and being the first state to establish wind power guidelines in 2003. It also states that Washington currently ranks fifth in the US for installed wind capacity and first in renewables when including hydroelectric power. The document indicates that key technologies and perspectives around fish, mammals, commerce, recreation, and marine spatial planning will be discussed.
This document discusses various forms of ocean renewable energy including offshore wind, wave, and tidal power. It provides information on resource potential and technology development status. For offshore wind, most of the resource in the US is in deep water over 30 meters. Emerging technologies are seeking to access deepwater resources through floating turbine designs. Wave and tidal technologies are also being developed and tested at demonstration scale. The economic impacts of new renewable energy development include jobs and payments to local landowners and communities.
The document lists several cities in Washington and Oregon: Seattle, Everett, Port Angeles, Bremerton, Tacoma, and Portland. It appears to be a list of locations but provides no other context or information about the cities.
The document describes decision support tools to inform marine spatial planning processes. It discusses tools that can model wave energy potential, grid connection feasibility, environmental factors and stakeholder values to analyze the suitability of alternative sites for offshore wave energy devices. Bayesian networks are used to analyze device suitability based on scientific data and incorporate uncertainty, while an accord-based value model collects stakeholder experiential information and preferences. Results are fused and displayed for review to help identify preferred site options.
HVDC VSC (High Voltage Direct Current Voltage Source Conversion) technology is well-suited for integrating renewable energy resources due to its fast response time, ability to transmit power over long distances with low losses, provide reactive power support to weak grids, and allow power to flow in both directions. HVDC connections can help address intermittency of renewable resources by connecting geographically diverse projects, which have imperfect resource correlation and thus can help provide more reliable combined output. HVDC is also environmentally friendly as it uses direct buried cables that produce no audible noise, visual impacts or electromagnetic fields on land.
The document discusses Port Angeles, Washington's efforts to become a leader in alternative energy development and assessment. It outlines Port Angeles' strategic plan to partner with organizations to develop an alternative energy roadmap and waterfront infrastructure to support new industries. It also details Port Angeles' harbor terminals and airport facilities that provide deep water access, manufacturing space, and a trained workforce to support the assessment and development of ocean energy and composite manufacturing industries.
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1. Washington State Ocean Energy
Conference
Deep Water Wind and an Ocean Energy Economy
Charlie Brandt, Ph.D.
Director
Coastal Sciences Division &
Marine Sciences Laboratory
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Bremerton, WA
November 8, 2011
1
2. Outline
Forces changing the national
energy picture
The case for ocean-based
renewable energy
Resource potential
Value creation
3. Energy, Population, and Economics
15,000 4,200
4,150
14,000
Population and
4,100 economy drive
energy demand
Energy Consumption (MMWh)
4,050
13,000
Both drivers will
GDP (B$)
4,000
continue to increase
12,000 3,950
over the coming
3,900 decades, though net
11,000
3,850
consumption has not
kept pace over past
10,000
3,800 3 years due to
3,750 recession
9,000 3,700
280 290 300 310 320
US Population 2000–2009 (Millions)
http://www.bea.gov/
http://www.census.gov/popest/states/NST-ann-est.html
3
http://www.eia.doe.gov/electricity/epm/table1_1.html
4. Nation’s Electricity Runs on Coal
Coal Natural Gas
Nuclear Hydroelectric Conventional
Other Renewables Petroleum
Nation generated 4,120
Other Gases Hydrogen, batteries TWh in 2010, a 4%
2,500 increase over 2009
TWh
45% of 2010
2,000 consumption was
supplied by coal
1,500
Conventional hydro
remains the largest
―renewable‖ source
1,000 (6%), although only
72% of its high in
500
1997
-
4Data from http://www.eia.doe.gov/electricity/epm/table1_1.html
5. Global Coal Market Drives Electricity Price
12 47
US coal price steadily
increasing since 2004 due to 11.5
rise in demand by China and 42
India 11
Average increase prior to
Residential (¢/kWh)
Coal Fuel ($/ton)
10.5
2003 – 0%/yr 37
Average increase after 2003 10
– 8%/yr
32
9.5
Average retail price of
electricity shows same trend 9
(R2 = 0.98 for 1996-2010) 27
8.5
8 22
At end of 2011, China and India will be importing 337 Mmt, 78%
increase over 2010 imports. At end of last year, China was paying
$129/ton offloaded – Australia and Europe export price was $112/ton
5Data from http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epm/table5_3.html and /table4_1.html, Bloomberg Businessweek Dec 21, 2010
6. Goals for Renewable Electricity Generation
DOE – 30% by 2030
Navy – 50% of shore-based energy by 2020
State Goal Date State Goal Date
AZ 15% 2025 CT 27% 2020
CA 33% 2020 IL 25% 2025
CO 20% 2020 MA 15% 2020
KS 20% 2020 MD 20% 2022
MT 15% 2015 ME 40% 2017
OR 25% 2025 NH 25% 2025
NM 20% 2020 NY 25% 2013
NV 25% 2025 RI 16% 2019
UT 20% 2025 VA 15% 2025
WA 15% 2020 VT 25% 2025
Data from http://www.pewclimate.org/what_s_being_done/in_the_states/rps.cfm
7. Ocean Renewable Energy
Hydrokinetic: US DOE’s
definition focuses on energy
from unimpounded moving
water — tides, currents, rivers,
waves
Offshore wind: Land-based
wind on steroids
Ocean Thermal Energy
Conversion (OTEC):
exploiting thermal gradients
with depth to drive heat engine
or ―steam‖
Algal biofuels: Largely marine
micro and macroalgae used as
biomass feedstock or
―biodiesel‖
8. Why Ocean Renewable Energy?
Large renewable energy source, with best attributes relative to demand
Coastal resources far exceed total US energy demand
Higher/steadier wind speeds
Highly predictable waves and tides 40
Millions
Coastal
High productivity 35 Inland
Resource is near load centers 30
52% of US population lives in coastal counties
25
Population
28 coastal states consume 78% of nation’s
electricity 20
Simplifies transmission requirements
15
Reduced environmental effects
10
Low to no noise and visual impacts (human pops)
Few bats and birds 5
Reduced land/sea use conflicts 0
Significant economies of scale 5 15 25
Retail electricity price (¢/kWh)
35
Larger devices
Larger arrays
Best or only opportunity for utility-scale renewables
in parts of the country
9. Resource Base – Wave Energy
Greatest potential at higher
latitudes
Deepwater (>100m) resource 1-
10 TW
Well conditioned
Predictable
Consistent
Effective for remote coastal
communities
WA / OR / northern CA
Average annual wave power
40-60 kW/m shoreline
Potential to provide over 20
GW of electrical energy, on
average (over 40 GW in
winter – Dec-Feb)
Compare to total electricity
generation in 2008 for
WA/OR/CA of 43 GW
Wave energy data from Fugro OCEANOR, April 2010 and World Energy Council 2007
Electricity data from EIA
10. Resource Base – Tidal Power
Greatest potential above 45° North, Sea of Cortez, and
Bay of Fundy to Nova Scotia
No international assessment as yet – but estimates range
from 450 GW to 3 TW
cm
http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/fileadmin/images/data/Products/a
uxiliaires/m2_amp_fes99.jpg
10
11. Resource Base – Offshore Wind
Over 4 TW of extractable power –
4 times US generating capacity
Highest wind speeds and
fewer competing uses further
from shore
Best winds over water depths
> 30 m (~100 ft) – Floating
Platforms
GW
734 GW
0-30 m 30-60 m >60 m
Hawaii
930 GW Gulf of Mexico
South Atlantic
Mid Atlantic
1256 GW New England
Great Lakes
Pacific Northwest
California
0 200 400 600 800
637 GW 594 GW
GW
NREL (2010) Assessment of Offshore Wind Energy Resources for the United States
12. Resource Base – Ocean Thermal
Limited to waters with >20°C temperature differential
with depth
Estimated 5 TW global resource potential without
disrupting vertical structure – Nihous (2007) J Ener. Res.
Technol.
Mean ΔT (surface – 1000 m)
18-
20°C
20-
22°C
22-
24°C
>24°C
12
13. PNW Ocean Energy – the Numbers
Offshore wind, wave, and tidal power resource potential exceeds by
many times the total energy use of Washington and Oregon
5 GW tidal
15 GW wave
415 GW offshore wind
19 GW total generation from all sources in 2008
Pacific NW Ocean Energy as % of 2008 Generation
Tidal 26%
Wave 77%
Offshore… 2148%
0% 500% 1000% 1500% 2000% 2500%
Data from EIA, EPRI, NREL, PNNL
14. Challenges for Offshore Energy Farms
Siting Technical design
Towers and foundations
Site assessments (physical and
biological) Rotors/Turbines/Oscillators
Accessibility and reliability of Drivetrains
instrumentation Control systems
Increased data quality Pre- and post-installation
Improved predictive site Vessels for installation and
measurement
maintenance
Design environments Current wind fleet is European
Water depth
Active condition monitoring
Currents
Preventive maintenance
Seabed migration
Technology standards
Wind/tidal conditions
Ensure reliability
Wave conditions
Enable permitting and investment
Severe conditions
Biofouling Transmission and grid
interconnection
Corrosion
HVDC
Icing
Balancing
Seabed composition
Adapted from US Offshore Wind Collaborative (2009) US Offshore Wind Energy: A Path Forward
15. Components of Building Ocean Energy
Manufacture Siting
• Turbines • Engineering –
• Rotors meteorology, wave, current, seab
• Towers ed geology, bathymetry
• Foundations/moorings • Environmental –
• Cable biota, navigation, fisheries, seab
• Vessels – ed use
construction, cable- • Logistics –
laying, O&M ports/vessels, substations, trans
mission
Permitting
Marine Operations • Environmental
• Turbine & rotor installation • Stakeholders
• Tower Installation • Compliance monitoring
• Foundation/mooring • Compliance control
installation
• Offshore substation Balance of Plant
installation • Monitoring & control systems
• Collection/transmission • Substation – offshore and onshore
•
system installation
Utilizing coastal assets in Transmission
• O&M
maritime, manufacturing, engi
neering, and environmental
fields
15
16. Manufacturing and Maritime Industries
RenewableUK assessed manufacturing
and marine needs to support a ―Healthy
Industry‖ development scenario
Delivering 23.2 GW offshore wind by
2020
Adding 3.2 GW/yr thereafter
Using 5% of PNW ocean resource, would
require
145 installation vessels
133 O&M vessels
5,200 km HVDC cable
1.6M km HVAC cable
4,700 km array cable
9,000 turbines, towers, and
foundations
16
17. Economic Impacts
Capital investment of $3.7M per MW✝
Rate of return on investment
4.4 direct jobs per MW*
$893k/yr economic benefit per MW*
Impact of DOE Offshore Wind Innovation and
Demonstration initiative (54 GW by 2030)
238,000 direct jobs
$1.56B/yr economic benefit
Impact of PNW ocean energy potential✠
97,000 direct jobs
$196M/yr economic benefit
✝ US offshore wind calculated from LBNL 2010 2009 Wind Technologies Market Report and
EWEA 2009 The Economics of Wind Energy
* Calculated from IEA Wind Energy 2010 2009 Annual Report and EWEA 2009 The Economics of
Wind Energy
17 ✠ Assuming 5% of 440 GW wind/wave/tidal resource is developed
18. Summary
Energy demand is increasing as a
function of economic growth
Energy price is increasing as a
function of global demand for fossil
resources
Greatest demand and highest price
is within coastal states
Washington has abundant tidal,
wave, and offshore wind resources
Ocean energy is a nascent industry
in the US; cooperation to resolve
challenges is important to
sustainability
Significant impact of successful
ocean energy development on jobs
and economy of Washington’s
coastal regions
19. Thank you for your attention!
Charlie Brandt
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
charles.brandt@pnl.gov
360.681.4594
I would like to acknowledge generous support by the US Department of
Energy’s Wind & Water Power Program Office
Slide
19
Editor's Notes
Point of the picture—the ocean is a powerful place (wind, waves, currents); technology and demand are aligning to make harnessing this power for our utility a reality. The ocean is also a beautiful, ecologically sensitive, and heavily used place (beauty of the seascape, marine transportation, coastal ecosystems); realizing the ocean’s potential to provide renewable energy while sustaining its many other valued services is a fascinating and important challenge…or something like that.
First lesson: As our population and economy grows, growth in electrical energy demand will continue. We will be running hard just to stay in place.In 2009, GDP dropped 2%; energy dropped 4%.
Although WA generates 70% of its electricity from conventional hydro, most of the nation runs on fossil fuels, dominated by coalTW is 10^15 watts
Second lesson: International fossil energy market is driving up price of US electricity – the cost penalty of alternatives is becoming less and less
Most states have said they want growth to come from renewables, and renewables to offset coalSecretary of EnergySecretary of Navy – Naval Energy Forum, winter 2009
Other forms include generating power from salinity gradients.Won’t talk much about algae today. Resource is very poorly characterized – primary focus of investment is using marine microalgae in land-based ponds for fuels
M2 tides are idealized estimates of moon-driven. Initial estimates at seven sites in Puget Sound indicate that there are more than 100 MW of electricity available from tidal currents—Admiralty Inlet shows the greatest promise, with estimates of more than 75 MW available. 100 MW is enough to power about 70,000 homes. These are only initial estimates—the actual potential for tidal power is likely much greater in Puget Sound, but we need more research to determine this, and then further research to determine how much power could be feasibly removed without disrupting the system.
US nameplate capacity in 2003 (latest data) was 1.03 TW (EIA)
Point of the picture—Not really sure…but what a picture it is!