This presentation explains the basic concepts involved in CTG such as how to read it and how it works and the terms associated with it and a machine manufacture by Philips known as the Avalon FM30 : Fetal monitor
6.4 Assessment of fetal growth and condition during pregnancy.pdfChantal Settley
When you have completed this unit you should be able to:
• Assess normal fetal growth.
• List the causes of intra-uterine growth restriction.
• Understand the importance of measuring the symphysis-fundus height.
• Understand the clinical significance of fetal movements.
• Use a fetal-movement chart.
• Manage a patient with decreased fetal movements.
• Understand the value of antenatal fetal heart rate monitoring.
Help the medical students to know about the fetal clinical parameters. Very rarely material present in the books. I prepared this for the little bit help from my side.
Perception and memory disorders. Delusions and hallucinations Korsakoff Syndrome. Psychopathology of emotions. The symptoms of emotional disorders. Depressive and manic syndromes
Perception and memory disorders. Delusions and hallucinations Korsakoff Syndrome. Psychopathology of emotions. The symptoms of emotional disorders. Depressive and manic syndromes
This presentation explains the basic concepts involved in CTG such as how to read it and how it works and the terms associated with it and a machine manufacture by Philips known as the Avalon FM30 : Fetal monitor
6.4 Assessment of fetal growth and condition during pregnancy.pdfChantal Settley
When you have completed this unit you should be able to:
• Assess normal fetal growth.
• List the causes of intra-uterine growth restriction.
• Understand the importance of measuring the symphysis-fundus height.
• Understand the clinical significance of fetal movements.
• Use a fetal-movement chart.
• Manage a patient with decreased fetal movements.
• Understand the value of antenatal fetal heart rate monitoring.
Help the medical students to know about the fetal clinical parameters. Very rarely material present in the books. I prepared this for the little bit help from my side.
Perception and memory disorders. Delusions and hallucinations Korsakoff Syndrome. Psychopathology of emotions. The symptoms of emotional disorders. Depressive and manic syndromes
Perception and memory disorders. Delusions and hallucinations Korsakoff Syndrome. Psychopathology of emotions. The symptoms of emotional disorders. Depressive and manic syndromes
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
3. Definition
Cardiotocography (CTG) is a technique used to
monitor the fetal heartbeat and the uterine
contractions during pregnancy and labour. The
machine used to perform the monitoring is called a
cardiotocograph.
3
4. Introduction
• CTG monitoring is widely used to assess fetal
wellbeing by identifying babies at risk of hypoxia
(lack of oxygen).
• CTG is mainly used during labour. A review found
that in the antenatal period (before labour), there
is no evidence to suggest that monitoring women
with high-risk pregnancies benefits the mother or
baby, although research around this is old and
should be interpreted with caution.
4
6. Types of Cardiotocography
• External cardiotocography can be used for
continuous or intermittent monitoring.
• The fetal heart rate and the activity of the
uterine muscle are detected by two
transducers placed on the mother's
abdomen, with one above the fetal heart to
monitor heart rate, and the other at the
fundus of the uterus to measure frequency of
contractions.
●●●
6
7. Types of Cardiotocography
• Internal cardiotocography uses an electronic
transducer connected directly to the fetus.
• A wire electrode, sometimes called a spiral or
scalp electrode, is attached to the fetal scalp
through the cervical opening and is
connected to the monitor. Internal
monitoring provides a more accurate and
consistent transmission of the fetal heart
rate, as unlike external monitoring, it is not
affected by factors such as movement.
7
8. Basic Concepts of CTG
Basal frequency (BF)
• It is the most common predominating
instantaneous frequency on CTG.
• It refers to the mean level of fetal HR around
which instantaneous frequency alterations
take place.
• The basal frequency is assessed between
“the gaps” of short term changes.
●●●
8
9. Basic Concepts of CTG
Variability
• The duration of the cardiac cycle is different
for each fetus and is constantly changing.
These changes are termed instantaneous
frequency variability or simply “variability”.
• Variability is composed of two components:
short-term and long-term variability.
●●●
9
10. Basic Concepts of CTG
Accelerations
• They are defined as a short and rapid
increase in fetal HR.
• It is the cardiac response to fetal
movements, also known as the
“Myocardial Reflex”, characterized by an
increased HR in response to physical
activity.
●●●
10
11. Basic Concepts of CTG
Decelerations
• They are defined as a short-term decline in
fetal HR.
• Given two main factors - deceleration form
and relationship between decelerations and
the onset and the end of the uterine
contraction, decelerations are classified into
three main groups: variable, early and late.
11
12. Working of Cardiotocography
• CTG uses sound waves called ultrasound
to detect the baby's heart rate.
• Ultrasound is a high-frequency sound that
you cannot hear but it can be sent out
(emitted) and detected by special
machines.
• Ultrasound travels freely through fluid and
soft tissues.
●●●
12
13. Working of Cardiotocography
• Another example is that when ultrasound
travels though bile in a gallbladder it will
echo back strongly if it hits a solid
gallstone.
• So, as ultrasound 'hits' different structures
in the body, of different density, it sends
back echoes of varying strength.
●●●
13
14. Working of Cardiotocography
• In CTG monitoring, a special type of
ultrasound, called Doppler, is used. This
type of ultrasound is used to measure
structures that are moving, making it
useful for monitoring heart rate.
• The other plate on the CTG measures how
tense the mother's tummy (abdomen) is.
This measurement is used to show when
the uterus is contracting.
14
15. Uses of Cardiotocography
In a normal, low-risk delivery, CTG is not usually
needed. The midwife will listen to your baby's
heart rate from time to time to check it is normal.
However, in certain situations, continual
monitoring with CTG is advised.
These include:
• Your baby is coming early or seems smaller
than expected.
• You have high blood pressure.
• You have a high temperature (fever).
●●●
15
16. Uses of Cardiotocography
• You have an infection.
• You pass fresh blood whilst in labour.
• You are expecting more than one baby (twins
or more).
• The baby has opened its bowels (passed
meconium) into the amniotic fluid.
• The midwife thinks there may be a problem,
having listened with a Pinard or Doppler
machine.
• If your baby is in an unusual position.
●●●
16
17. Uses of Cardiotocography
• If your membranes have ruptured more
than 24 hours before your labour starts.
• You have labour speeded up with
Syntocinon or need an epidural for pain
relief.
• If you have an epidural for pain relief during
labour, CTG may be used for half an hour
after an epidural has been put in, or after
top-ups for the epidural.
17
18. Conclusion
Cardiotocography (CTG) is a continuous recording
of the fetal heart rate obtained via an ultrasound
transducer placed on the mother's abdomen.
CTG is widely used in pregnancy as a method of
assessing fetal well‐being, predominantly in
pregnancies with increased risk of complications.
18