1. Climate-smart villages aim to provide integrated solutions that lead to higher incomes, resilience, adaptation, and mitigation through farmer participatory approaches. 2. Progress has been made in establishing climate-smart villages in South Asia, growing from 200 villages in 2011-2012 to over 1800 villages by the end of 2016. 3. Key considerations for climate-smart villages include addressing current climate variability and future climate change impacts, ensuring social inclusiveness, and developing robust evidence and business models for scaling out climate-smart solutions.

1. 1
Climate Smart Villages
Concept, Experiences and Way Forward
Pramod Aggarwal
CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food
Security

2. 2
South Asia:
Home for 40% of World’s Poor
Source: World Bank, 2015
• > 1.6 billion people, 2.4% of the world’s land
area and 17% of world’s population
• Still has high growth rate of population
• Tremendous progress in last 4 decades
 Food consumption increased from 1900 kcals to > 2500
kcals
 Average GDP growth >6%
 Little food imports now
• Yet, 1/4th of the world’s hungry; 40% of the
world’s malnourished children and women
• Lagging in MDGs
• Agriculture important for livelihood security
of > 50% population
• Projected to be very vulnerable to climatic
risks
Source: Maplecroft, 2010

3. 3
Climate-smart villages:
Integrated solutions leading to higher
income, resilience, adaptation and mitigation
Several initiatives; top-down approach; lack of
synergy among interventions; limited capacity
of stakeholders
Strategy
• Integrated farmer participatory approach
• Builds on local knowledge and plans
• Precision agronomy principles-sensors
• Use of modern ICT tools
• Capacity strengthening and technology
targeting
For more details visit www.ccafs.org

4. 4
Key Interventions in a
Climate-Smart Village

5. 5
Climate-Smart Villages in
South Asia- Progress

6. 6
Climate Smart Villages
in South Asia Climatic risk map of SA

7. 7
Climate Smart Villages
in South Asia
-200
300
800
1300
1800
2010 2012 2014 2016
NumberofClimate
SmartVillages
2011-12

8. 8
Climate Smart Villages
in South Asia
-200
300
800
1300
1800
2010 2012 2014 2016
NumberofClimate
SmartVillages
2013-14

9. 9
Climate Smart Villages
in South Asia
2015-16
-200
300
800
1300
1800
2010 2012 2014 2016
NumberofClimate
SmartVillages

10. 10
Climate Smart Villages
in South Asia
End of
2016
-200
300
800
1300
1800
2010 2012 2014 2016
NumberofClimate
SmartVillages

11. 11
Climate-smart villages:
‘Growing’ solar power
Source: T. Shah, IWMI

12. 12
Evolution of climate-smart village concept

13. 13
Priorities in IGP 2011-15:
Focus area 1: Design and demonstration of community led climate-smart agriculture in
benchmark CCAFS sites/villages (April 2011: CCAFS PMC)
Work with rural communities to provide science
driven actions addressing overall goals of
development
1. Theme 2, 3 and 4: Bio-economic household modelling
(prioritizing components of climate smart land use
system)
2. Theme 2: PAR on risk management strategies
(weather forecasting; insurance; food, forage, seed
and water banks; adapted varieties; RCTs)
3. Theme 3: Mitigation potential of interventions
4. Theme 1: Analogues to provide knowledge of
adaptation options in other regions; farmer exchange
5. Theme 1: ITKs
6. Theme 4: Gender studies
Partners: CG centers, Ag Univ, IFFKO, PRADAN, IMD
Linkages: MGNREGA, NFSM, NMSA, AIC/ICICI

14. 14
Integration: Participatory action research
- climate smart villages/farms (Nov 2011, CCAFS-SC)
Objective:
• To test and validate, in partnership with
rural communities and other
stakeholders, a scalable climate-smart
model for agricultural development that
includes a range of innovative
agricultural risk management strategies
Partners:
 Farmers and rural communities
 Agricultural research agencies
 Meteorology data and research agencies
 Knowledge partners
 Agencies for community management and developmental activities (Govt and NGOs)
 Private sector such as banks, Insurance companies, seed companies, rural ICT providers

15. 15
Consensus needed on CSV
definition/concept
1. CSV to integrate CSA- technologies, institutions, village development
plans
2. CSV to facilitate collaboration among diverse partners
3. CSV- a participatory approach
4. CSV to identify adaptation domains of technological interventions
5. CSV as operational model for scaling- up: LAPA, development and
industry partners

16. 16
Need to address criticism of CSVs
• Old wine in new bottle: Re-packaging historical
CGIAR/NARES agronomy work
• No science but demonstrations
• Landscape versus village approach

17. 17
Climate-smart villages-
spatial considerations
• Many farmers in a village practicing one climate-
smart technology or practice
• Some farmers practicing several CSA technologies
and practices
• All farmers practising all CSA interventions
• Scale: field/farm/village/landscape/region
Net result : Increase in atleast two pillars
(Productivity/income, resilience/adaptation,
mitigation) of CSA on an average

18. 18
Climate-Smart Villages-
temporal considerations
• Are we adapting to current climatic variability
or to climate change: climatic risks beyond
current climatic variability?
• How do we prove that synergies are maintained
in future?
• How to ensure that we do not promote
maladaptation and mainstreamed CSV
programs are robust?

19. 19
Climate-Smart Villages-
Social considerations
• Impact on women
• Involvement of youth
• Equity issues

20. 20
1. Need for addressing current
climatic variability as well as
climate change explicitly
2. Methodology evolution for this
purpose- field research versus
modelling
3. Robust evidence base for
synergies and trade-offs
4. Adaptation domains of CSVs
5. Business models for scaling-out by
governments and industry
Conclusions:
Climate-smart villages2: