This document provides an overview of key Python concepts including types, sequences, lists, functions, and parameters. It discusses how Python is both strongly and dynamically typed. The main built-in sequences - lists, tuples, strings, and ranges - are described. Lists are covered in detail including construction, operations like indexing, slicing, and built-in methods. Finally, the document outlines the different types of function parameters - positional, keyword, and combining the two - and how to handle parameter collections using the * operator.
This presentation is all about various built in
datastructures which we have in python.
List
Dictionary
Tuple
Set
and various methods present in each data structure
This document provides an introduction to Python data structures including lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries. It describes how to define, access, and modify each type of data structure. It also covers file handling, string functions, exceptions, and other Python concepts. The key points are:
- Lists are the most versatile data type and can contain elements of different types. They can be accessed by index, sliced, modified via assignments to slices.
- Tuples are immutable sequences that are useful for grouping related data. They allow packing and unpacking of elements.
- Sets store unique elements and support mathematical operations like union and intersection.
- Dictionaries store mappings of unique keys to values. They allow
This document discusses object and collection mapping in Hibernate, including different collection types like sets, lists, bags, and maps. It provides examples of one-to-many and one-to-one relationships between entities using both bidirectional and unidirectional mappings. The effects of different fetching strategies like lazy loading, eager fetching, batch fetching, and subselect fetching are also explained.
Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming. Python is a simple, powerful and easy to learn the programming language. It is commonly used for Web and Internet development, Scientific and Numeric computing, Business application and Desktop GUI development etc. The basic data structures in python are lists, dictionaries, tuples, strings and sets
The document discusses recursion and provides examples of recursive algorithms and data structures including arithmetic series, Fibonacci sequence, binary search, and mergesort. Recursion involves breaking a problem down into smaller sub-problems until they can be solved directly, and combining the solutions to solve the original problem. Examples demonstrate how recursion uses function calls to solve problems by dividing them into base cases and recursively calling itself on smaller instances.
This document introduces various statistical functions in R including descriptive statistics like mean, median, and standard deviation. It covers distribution functions like the normal distribution and functions for generating random values. Hypothesis tests like the t-test are discussed along with ANOVA and linear models. Quantile functions and plotting are also introduced for understanding data distributions and removing outliers.
spell checker with python 3
How it works ?
Main.py is the main file , Spell checker checks the entered word or phrase and if it's wrong it suggests alternative words .
The project on GitHub:
https://github.com/amrelarabi/spell-checker-with-python-3/
For more information you can visit :
http://www.motwr.com/2017/03/python3-spell-checker.html
METHODS DESCRIPTION
copy() They copy() method returns a shallow copy of the dictionary.
clear() The clear() method removes all items from the dictionary.
pop() Removes and returns an element from a dictionary having the given key.
popitem() Removes the arbitrary key-value pair from the dictionary and returns it as tuple.
get() It is a conventional method to access a value for a key.
dictionary_name.values() returns a list of all the values available in a given dictionary.
str() Produces a printable string representation of a dictionary.
update() Adds dictionary dict2’s key-values pairs to dict
setdefault() Set dict[key]=default if key is not already in dict
keys() Returns list of dictionary dict’s keys
items() Returns a list of dict’s (key, value) tuple pairs
has_key() Returns true if key in dictionary dict, false otherwise
fromkeys() Create a new dictionary with keys from seq and values set to value.
type() Returns the type of the passed variable.
cmp() Compares elements of both dict.
This presentation is all about various built in
datastructures which we have in python.
List
Dictionary
Tuple
Set
and various methods present in each data structure
This document provides an introduction to Python data structures including lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries. It describes how to define, access, and modify each type of data structure. It also covers file handling, string functions, exceptions, and other Python concepts. The key points are:
- Lists are the most versatile data type and can contain elements of different types. They can be accessed by index, sliced, modified via assignments to slices.
- Tuples are immutable sequences that are useful for grouping related data. They allow packing and unpacking of elements.
- Sets store unique elements and support mathematical operations like union and intersection.
- Dictionaries store mappings of unique keys to values. They allow
This document discusses object and collection mapping in Hibernate, including different collection types like sets, lists, bags, and maps. It provides examples of one-to-many and one-to-one relationships between entities using both bidirectional and unidirectional mappings. The effects of different fetching strategies like lazy loading, eager fetching, batch fetching, and subselect fetching are also explained.
Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming. Python is a simple, powerful and easy to learn the programming language. It is commonly used for Web and Internet development, Scientific and Numeric computing, Business application and Desktop GUI development etc. The basic data structures in python are lists, dictionaries, tuples, strings and sets
The document discusses recursion and provides examples of recursive algorithms and data structures including arithmetic series, Fibonacci sequence, binary search, and mergesort. Recursion involves breaking a problem down into smaller sub-problems until they can be solved directly, and combining the solutions to solve the original problem. Examples demonstrate how recursion uses function calls to solve problems by dividing them into base cases and recursively calling itself on smaller instances.
This document introduces various statistical functions in R including descriptive statistics like mean, median, and standard deviation. It covers distribution functions like the normal distribution and functions for generating random values. Hypothesis tests like the t-test are discussed along with ANOVA and linear models. Quantile functions and plotting are also introduced for understanding data distributions and removing outliers.
spell checker with python 3
How it works ?
Main.py is the main file , Spell checker checks the entered word or phrase and if it's wrong it suggests alternative words .
The project on GitHub:
https://github.com/amrelarabi/spell-checker-with-python-3/
For more information you can visit :
http://www.motwr.com/2017/03/python3-spell-checker.html
METHODS DESCRIPTION
copy() They copy() method returns a shallow copy of the dictionary.
clear() The clear() method removes all items from the dictionary.
pop() Removes and returns an element from a dictionary having the given key.
popitem() Removes the arbitrary key-value pair from the dictionary and returns it as tuple.
get() It is a conventional method to access a value for a key.
dictionary_name.values() returns a list of all the values available in a given dictionary.
str() Produces a printable string representation of a dictionary.
update() Adds dictionary dict2’s key-values pairs to dict
setdefault() Set dict[key]=default if key is not already in dict
keys() Returns list of dictionary dict’s keys
items() Returns a list of dict’s (key, value) tuple pairs
has_key() Returns true if key in dictionary dict, false otherwise
fromkeys() Create a new dictionary with keys from seq and values set to value.
type() Returns the type of the passed variable.
cmp() Compares elements of both dict.
As part of the GSP’s capacity development and improvement programme, FAO/GSP have organised a one week training in Izmir, Turkey. The main goal of the training was to increase the capacity of Turkey on digital soil mapping, new approaches on data collection, data processing and modelling of soil organic carbon. This 5 day training is titled ‘’Training on Digital Soil Organic Carbon Mapping’’ was held in IARTC - International Agricultural Research and Education Center in Menemen, Izmir on 20-25 August, 2017.
This document discusses different types of trees and tree traversal algorithms. It begins by defining what a tree is and describing some key tree terminology like root, child, parent, and leaf nodes. It then covers different types of binary trees like full, complete, and extended binary trees. The document also explains tree traversal algorithms like preorder, inorder, and postorder traversal. Finally, it discusses binary search trees and their insertion, deletion, and search algorithms. Heap trees are also covered with examples of inserting and deleting nodes to maintain the heap property.
The document discusses various Python datatypes. It explains that Python supports built-in and user-defined datatypes. The main built-in datatypes are None, numeric, sequence, set and mapping types. Numeric types include int, float and complex. Common sequence types are str, bytes, list, tuple and range. Sets can be created using set and frozenset datatypes. Mapping types represent a group of key-value pairs like dictionaries.
The document provides an overview of Python lists:
- Lists allow you to store sets of information in a particular order and are one of Python's most powerful features.
- You can define lists using square brackets and commas, and use plural names for lists to make code more readable. Lists can contain millions of items.
- Lists allow adding, inserting, removing, sorting, and accessing elements by their position or value using various list methods like append(), insert(), remove(), sort(), and indexing.
- Loops like for loops efficiently iterate through lists to work with each element.
This document contains information about a mentoring program run by Baabtra-Mentoring Partner. It includes:
- A disclaimer that this is not an official Baabtra document
- A table showing a mentee's typing speed progress over 5 weeks
- An empty table to track jobs applied to by the mentee
- An explanation of sets in Python, including how to construct, manipulate, perform operations on, and iterate over sets
- Contact information for Baabtra
The document provides information about data type conversion and multi-dimensional arrays in JavaScript. It explains that strings returned by the prompt() function need to be converted to numbers using parseInt() or parseFloat() before performing mathematical operations. This is demonstrated through an example that incorrectly adds two numbers due to their string data type. The document then introduces multi-dimensional arrays as a way to store related data in groups or sub-arrays, like employee records with name, age, address fields. It provides examples of declaring and accessing elements in 1D, 2D, 3D and higher dimensional arrays.
R can be used as a calculator for basic arithmetic but also allows working with different data types like numeric, logical, and character vectors. Variables are created by assigning values and can contain single items or collections of items. Common data structures in R include vectors, matrices, data frames, and lists which allow organizing multiple values and combining different data types. Factors are a special data type for categorical variables.
Python is an interpreted, object-oriented programming language similar to PERL, that has gained popularity because of its clear syntax and readability.
Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language with dynamic semantics.
Its high-level built in data structures, combined with dynamic typing and dynamic binding, make it very attractive for Rapid Application Development, as well as for use as a scripting or glue language to connect existing components together.
The document discusses lists in Python. It begins by defining lists as mutable sequences that can contain elements of any data type. It describes how to create, access, manipulate, slice, traverse and delete elements from lists. It also explains various list methods such as append(), pop(), sort(), reverse() etc. and provides examples of their use. The document concludes by giving some programs on lists including finding the sum and maximum of a list, checking if a list is empty, cloning lists, checking for common members between lists and generating lists of square numbers.
This presentation provides a brief introduction to data types and objects in R. I've not covered 'array' in the presentation, which is a multi-dimensional object [More general than matrix].
Lecture07 the linked-list_as_a_data_structure_v3Hariz Mustafa
This document describes the implementation of a linked list data structure in C++. It defines a Node struct to hold each element and a LinkedList class to manage the list. The LinkedList class implements common list operations like insert, retrieve, find, replace through methods that traverse the linked nodes. A current pointer tracks the active node during operations like getNext to iterate through the list sequentially. The implementation allows storing and accessing elements by value or key in a flexible linked list.
A high level introduction to R statistical programming language that was presented at the Chicago Data Visualization Group's Graphing in R and ggplot2 workshop on October 8, 2012.
Underscore.js is a JavaScript utility library that provides support for functional programming without extending built-in JavaScript objects. It includes over 60 functions for working with arrays, objects, functions and more. Some key functions include map, reduce, find, and bind for working with collections and functions. Underscore is open source and part of the DocumentCloud project.
Arrays in Python can hold multiple values and each element has a numeric index. Arrays can be one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), or multi-dimensional. Common operations on arrays include accessing elements, adding/removing elements, concatenating arrays, slicing arrays, looping through elements, and sorting arrays. The NumPy library provides powerful capabilities to work with n-dimensional arrays and matrices.
Python programming -Tuple and Set Data typeMegha V
This document discusses tuples, sets, and frozensets in Python. It provides examples and explanations of:
- The basic properties and usage of tuples, including indexing, slicing, and built-in functions like len() and tuple().
- How to create sets using braces {}, that sets contain unique elements only, and built-in functions for sets like len(), max(), min(), union(), intersection(), etc.
- Frozensets are immutable sets that can be used as dictionary keys, and support set operations but not mutable methods like add() or remove().
در این جلسه از کلاس به معرفی ساختار های داده ای در زبان پایتون و معرفی رشته ها و اعداد میپردازیم
PySec101 Fall 2013 J2E1 By Mohammad Reza Kamalifard
Talk About
Python Data Structures, Strings, Numbers,...
Eksempel på varedeklarasjon hvor alt arbeid på arealet (skifte) og alt som er knyttet til produktet (veksten som er dyrket på arealet.
Jordplan er et fleksibelt verktøy hvor du selv kan definere alle arbeidoperasjoner du ønsker å benytte. Registreringen kan både gjøres på web og i Jordplan appen for IOS og Android
This document provides an overview and outline of a lecture on Python & Perl. It discusses editing Python code, running Python programs, sample programs, Python code execution, functional abstraction using Newton's square root approximation, and tuples. Key points covered include how Python uses indentation instead of curly braces, running Python code from the command line on Windows, Linux and Mac, and how tuples are immutable sequences defined with parentheses.
As part of the GSP’s capacity development and improvement programme, FAO/GSP have organised a one week training in Izmir, Turkey. The main goal of the training was to increase the capacity of Turkey on digital soil mapping, new approaches on data collection, data processing and modelling of soil organic carbon. This 5 day training is titled ‘’Training on Digital Soil Organic Carbon Mapping’’ was held in IARTC - International Agricultural Research and Education Center in Menemen, Izmir on 20-25 August, 2017.
This document discusses different types of trees and tree traversal algorithms. It begins by defining what a tree is and describing some key tree terminology like root, child, parent, and leaf nodes. It then covers different types of binary trees like full, complete, and extended binary trees. The document also explains tree traversal algorithms like preorder, inorder, and postorder traversal. Finally, it discusses binary search trees and their insertion, deletion, and search algorithms. Heap trees are also covered with examples of inserting and deleting nodes to maintain the heap property.
The document discusses various Python datatypes. It explains that Python supports built-in and user-defined datatypes. The main built-in datatypes are None, numeric, sequence, set and mapping types. Numeric types include int, float and complex. Common sequence types are str, bytes, list, tuple and range. Sets can be created using set and frozenset datatypes. Mapping types represent a group of key-value pairs like dictionaries.
The document provides an overview of Python lists:
- Lists allow you to store sets of information in a particular order and are one of Python's most powerful features.
- You can define lists using square brackets and commas, and use plural names for lists to make code more readable. Lists can contain millions of items.
- Lists allow adding, inserting, removing, sorting, and accessing elements by their position or value using various list methods like append(), insert(), remove(), sort(), and indexing.
- Loops like for loops efficiently iterate through lists to work with each element.
This document contains information about a mentoring program run by Baabtra-Mentoring Partner. It includes:
- A disclaimer that this is not an official Baabtra document
- A table showing a mentee's typing speed progress over 5 weeks
- An empty table to track jobs applied to by the mentee
- An explanation of sets in Python, including how to construct, manipulate, perform operations on, and iterate over sets
- Contact information for Baabtra
The document provides information about data type conversion and multi-dimensional arrays in JavaScript. It explains that strings returned by the prompt() function need to be converted to numbers using parseInt() or parseFloat() before performing mathematical operations. This is demonstrated through an example that incorrectly adds two numbers due to their string data type. The document then introduces multi-dimensional arrays as a way to store related data in groups or sub-arrays, like employee records with name, age, address fields. It provides examples of declaring and accessing elements in 1D, 2D, 3D and higher dimensional arrays.
R can be used as a calculator for basic arithmetic but also allows working with different data types like numeric, logical, and character vectors. Variables are created by assigning values and can contain single items or collections of items. Common data structures in R include vectors, matrices, data frames, and lists which allow organizing multiple values and combining different data types. Factors are a special data type for categorical variables.
Python is an interpreted, object-oriented programming language similar to PERL, that has gained popularity because of its clear syntax and readability.
Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language with dynamic semantics.
Its high-level built in data structures, combined with dynamic typing and dynamic binding, make it very attractive for Rapid Application Development, as well as for use as a scripting or glue language to connect existing components together.
The document discusses lists in Python. It begins by defining lists as mutable sequences that can contain elements of any data type. It describes how to create, access, manipulate, slice, traverse and delete elements from lists. It also explains various list methods such as append(), pop(), sort(), reverse() etc. and provides examples of their use. The document concludes by giving some programs on lists including finding the sum and maximum of a list, checking if a list is empty, cloning lists, checking for common members between lists and generating lists of square numbers.
This presentation provides a brief introduction to data types and objects in R. I've not covered 'array' in the presentation, which is a multi-dimensional object [More general than matrix].
Lecture07 the linked-list_as_a_data_structure_v3Hariz Mustafa
This document describes the implementation of a linked list data structure in C++. It defines a Node struct to hold each element and a LinkedList class to manage the list. The LinkedList class implements common list operations like insert, retrieve, find, replace through methods that traverse the linked nodes. A current pointer tracks the active node during operations like getNext to iterate through the list sequentially. The implementation allows storing and accessing elements by value or key in a flexible linked list.
A high level introduction to R statistical programming language that was presented at the Chicago Data Visualization Group's Graphing in R and ggplot2 workshop on October 8, 2012.
Underscore.js is a JavaScript utility library that provides support for functional programming without extending built-in JavaScript objects. It includes over 60 functions for working with arrays, objects, functions and more. Some key functions include map, reduce, find, and bind for working with collections and functions. Underscore is open source and part of the DocumentCloud project.
Arrays in Python can hold multiple values and each element has a numeric index. Arrays can be one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), or multi-dimensional. Common operations on arrays include accessing elements, adding/removing elements, concatenating arrays, slicing arrays, looping through elements, and sorting arrays. The NumPy library provides powerful capabilities to work with n-dimensional arrays and matrices.
Python programming -Tuple and Set Data typeMegha V
This document discusses tuples, sets, and frozensets in Python. It provides examples and explanations of:
- The basic properties and usage of tuples, including indexing, slicing, and built-in functions like len() and tuple().
- How to create sets using braces {}, that sets contain unique elements only, and built-in functions for sets like len(), max(), min(), union(), intersection(), etc.
- Frozensets are immutable sets that can be used as dictionary keys, and support set operations but not mutable methods like add() or remove().
در این جلسه از کلاس به معرفی ساختار های داده ای در زبان پایتون و معرفی رشته ها و اعداد میپردازیم
PySec101 Fall 2013 J2E1 By Mohammad Reza Kamalifard
Talk About
Python Data Structures, Strings, Numbers,...
Eksempel på varedeklarasjon hvor alt arbeid på arealet (skifte) og alt som er knyttet til produktet (veksten som er dyrket på arealet.
Jordplan er et fleksibelt verktøy hvor du selv kan definere alle arbeidoperasjoner du ønsker å benytte. Registreringen kan både gjøres på web og i Jordplan appen for IOS og Android
This document provides an overview and outline of a lecture on Python & Perl. It discusses editing Python code, running Python programs, sample programs, Python code execution, functional abstraction using Newton's square root approximation, and tuples. Key points covered include how Python uses indentation instead of curly braces, running Python code from the command line on Windows, Linux and Mac, and how tuples are immutable sequences defined with parentheses.
En kort beskrivelse for bakgrunnen om produktet http://jordplan.no og etableringen av Jordplan AS. Dokumentet er beregnet for utskrift på A4. Det er også en A3 versjon tilgjengelig som kan brettes
This document provides an outline and overview of topics related to Pygame, a Python library for game development. It discusses collision detection using Rect objects, loading images and sounds, and provides an example of a "Chimp game". The chimp game demonstrates creating a graphics window, loading assets, rendering text, handling input events, updating and drawing sprites. It includes code snippets for creating sprite classes like Fist and Chimp and initializing the game.
This document discusses image processing techniques in Python including converting RGB images to grayscale and binary images. It describes calculating luminosity from RGB pixels to grayscale values. It also discusses edge detection using gradients by computing the directional change in pixel intensity between neighboring pixels to find edges, which are defined as having a gradient magnitude above a threshold and direction within a specified range. The document provides code examples for calculating gradient magnitude and direction using pixel differences in the x and y directions.
This document outlines key concepts in object-oriented programming including constructors, polymorphism, encapsulation, inheritance, and an introduction to Pygame. It discusses how constructors are called to initialize objects, how polymorphism allows the same method to work on different types, and how encapsulation hides unnecessary details from users. Inheritance and multiple inheritance are explained with examples of subclasses inheriting and overriding methods. Finally, installing and initializing Pygame is briefly covered along with an overview of the game loop structure.
The document discusses Python lists and their key features. It covers how lists are ordered sequences that can contain elements of different types. Lists are mutable and can be accessed using indexes. Common list operations include slicing, concatenation, repetition, sorting, and using various list methods like append(), extend(), index(), reverse() etc. Tuples are immutable sequences similar to lists. Dictionaries are another data type that store elements as key-value pairs. The document also briefly introduces regular expressions for text parsing and extraction.
This document discusses various list operations in Python like accessing elements, slicing lists, changing elements, adding and removing elements, and list comprehensions. It explains that lists allow storing heterogeneous data types and various methods can be used to manipulate lists like append(), pop(), remove(), sort() etc. List indexing, negative indexing, slicing are explained with examples. Creating new lists from existing lists using list comprehensions is also demonstrated.
Lists are mutable data structures that can contain elements of different data types. Some key list operations include:
1. Creating lists using square brackets and separating elements with commas. Nested lists are also possible.
2. Common list methods like append(), pop(), insert() allow adding, removing and modifying list elements.
3. Slicing lists using start and end indexes allows extracting sublist elements. The step parameter advances through elements.
4. Built-in functions like len(), index(), count() provide useful information about lists.
This document discusses Python lists and their uses. Lists are a mutable data type that allows storing multiple values in a single variable. Values in a list can be accessed by index and lists can be sliced, concatenated, and modified using built-in methods. Lists are commonly used with for loops to iterate over elements. Strings can be split into lists of substrings using the split() method.
This document provides information about Python lists. Some key points:
- Lists can store multiple elements of any data type. They are versatile for working with multiple elements.
- Lists maintain element order and allow duplicate elements. Elements are accessed via indexes.
- Lists support operations like concatenation, membership testing, slicing, and methods to add/remove elements.
- Nested lists allow lists within lists, for representing matrices and other complex data structures.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
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With pdf.
I wrote anything.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Happy bro.
With pdf.
I wrote anything.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Happy bro.
With pdf.
I wrote anything.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Happy bro.
With pdf.
I wrote anything.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Happy bro.
With pdf.
I wrote anything.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Happy bro.
With pdf.
I wrote anything.
Python elements lists you can study
This is help you to study the python programing.This is useful for your learning.
Happy bro.
.
This document provides a summary of common Python operations for working with lists, strings, and files. It describes how to select list elements using indexes and slices, perform common string operations like upper/lower case conversion, and read/write files using open mode flags like 'r' for read and 'w' for write. Various list and string methods are also summarized like count, join, split, format, etc.
This document provides an overview of lists and tuples in Python. It discusses how to create, access, modify, and iterate over lists and tuples. Some key points covered include:
- Lists are mutable sequences that can contain elements of different types. Common list methods allow appending, inserting, removing, and sorting elements.
- Tuples are immutable lists that cannot be modified after creation. They provide count and index methods similar to lists.
- Lists and tuples can be nested to represent multi-dimensional data structures. Iteration over nested lists/tuples requires multiple for loops.
- Examples demonstrate common list/tuple operations like slicing, concatenation, membership testing, and traversing 2D lists to represent matrices for
A list in Python is a mutable ordered collection of items. Lists allow duplicate elements and elements of any data type. Elements in a list are accessed using integers (indices) and operations on lists include appending, inserting, removing, sorting, and traversing elements. Common built-in list methods include append(), insert(), remove(), clear(), reverse(), sort(), and len() to get the length of the list.
Tuple assignment allows multiple variables to be assigned values from an iterable like a list or tuple in a single statement. This is more concise than separate assignments and avoids using a temporary variable. For example, to swap the values of variables a and b, tuple assignment can be used: a, b = b, a. The left side must contain the same number of variables as there are elements on the right, and each value is assigned to the corresponding variable from left to right. Tuple assignment is useful for unpacking elements like splitting a string into parts.
Lists allow storing and manipulating multiple values in a single variable. A list is a mutable collection that can hold elements of any type, accessed by index. Key characteristics of lists include: using square brackets to define lists; mutable elements that can be added, removed, or modified; built-in functions like len(), min(), max(), and sum(); slicing to extract portions; and splitting strings into lists of substrings. Lists are widely used in Python for tasks like collecting related data, looping through elements, and parsing structured data.
This document discusses lists and tuples in Python. It explains that lists are mutable containers that can hold heterogeneous data types and grow or shrink in size dynamically. Tuples are immutable containers that can also hold heterogeneous data types but have a fixed size after creation. The document covers how to define, access, slice, loop through and perform common operations on elements in lists and tuples. It also discusses built-in functions like len(), max(), min() that can operate on lists and tuples.
The document discusses various concepts related to lists in Python including:
- What lists are and their main properties like being ordered, containing arbitrary objects that can be accessed by index, and being nestable and mutable.
- Common list methods like insert(), remove(), sort(), etc.
- How to define and assign lists, access list elements, and modify lists.
- List slicing and how it allows accessing a subset of list elements.
- Passing lists to functions and how lists are mutable.
- Algorithms for generating prime numbers and sorting lists like selection sort.
- Basic searching algorithms like linear search and binary search and how they work.
- The concept of list
This document discusses lists in Python. It defines lists as mutable sequences that can contain elements of different types. Lists can be nested within other lists. Common list operations include accessing elements by index, slicing lists, modifying lists by assigning to indices, and using list methods like append(), pop(), sort(), and len(). The document provides examples of creating, accessing, modifying, and traversing lists in Python code.
This document discusses lists in Python. It defines lists as sequences that can contain elements of any type. Lists are created using square brackets and their elements can be accessed and modified using indices. Some key list methods mentioned include append(), sort(), and pop(). The document provides many examples of how to construct, access, modify, and perform common operations on lists in Python.
The document discusses lists in Python. It defines lists as collections of values separated by commas and enclosed in square brackets. It provides examples of creating lists and performing common operations like concatenation, repetition, slicing, membership testing, indexing, updating/changing elements, and built-in functions/methods like len(), min(), max(), sort(), and reverse(). The document also covers iterating through lists using for loops and deleting elements using the del statement.
Python supports several data types including numbers, strings, and lists. Numbers can be integer, float, or complex types. Strings are collections of characters that can be indexed, sliced, and manipulated using various string methods and operators. Lists are mutable sequences that can contain elements of different data types and support operations like indexing, slicing, sorting, and joining. Common list methods include append(), insert(), remove(), pop(), clear(), and sort(). Tuples are similar to lists but are immutable.
Python supports several numeric and non-numeric data types including integers, floats, complex numbers, strings, lists, and tuples. Numbers can be integers, floats, or complex, and support common operations. Strings are immutable sequences of characters that can be indexed, sliced, formatted, and concatenated. Lists are mutable sequences that can contain mixed data types, and support common operations like indexing, slicing, sorting, and joining. Tuples are similar to lists but are immutable.
This document provides an overview of arrays, references, multi-dimensional arrays, hashes, and sorting in Perl. It discusses array references, constructing and iterating over multi-dimensional arrays, default and customized sorting of arrays, and how to construct, manipulate, and reference hashes in Perl code. Examples are provided to demonstrate these key concepts.
This document provides an overview of a lecture on introduction to Perl programming. It discusses installing and running Perl programs, basic data types like numbers and strings, control structures, and operators. Perl can be used for tasks like web scripting, database programming, and rapid prototyping. It has advantages like being free, portable, and object-oriented, but also drawbacks such as sometimes being difficult to read. Resources for learning more about Perl are provided.
This document discusses using Python for Android application development through the Scripting Layer for Android (SL4A) project. It describes how SL4A allows the use of several scripting languages, including Python, for Android development instead of just Java. It then provides steps for installing SL4A on an Android device and downloading and installing the Python interpreter for Android development.
The document discusses scopes and arrays in Perl. It defines three scopes for identifiers in Perl - global, lexical, and dynamic. Global identifiers can be accessed from anywhere, lexical identifiers exist only in the block they are defined, and dynamic identifiers also exist in the called subroutines. The document also discusses array creation using lists, non-existing indices, the qw operator, and range operator. It demonstrates array manipulation functions like push, pop, shift, and unshift.
This document provides an overview of iterators, generators, and the Python Imaging Library (PIL) basics in Python. It discusses how iterators allow iteration over objects using the iterator protocol with __iter__ and next() methods. Generators are lazy functions that yield values and can be created via generator factories or comprehensions. The PIL allows loading, saving, and modifying image files in Python through functions like Image.new(), getpixel(), putpixel(), and ImageDraw for drawing primitives.
This document discusses building a simple game in Python using Pygame where circular sprites called "creeps" move randomly around the screen. It outlines goals of having configurable creeps that bounce off walls and exhibit semi-random behavior. Key aspects covered include using the Pygame sprite and vector capabilities, implementing a creep class with movement logic in its update method, rotating and drawing the creep sprites, computing displacement of creeps over time, and detecting wall collisions to bounce creeps off boundaries. The main game loop calls the creep update method each frame to animate the creep movements.
This document provides an outline and overview of topics covered in a lecture on Python and Perl including Huffman trees, list comprehension, and an introduction to object-oriented programming. Key points covered include encoding and decoding messages with Huffman trees, using list comprehension for building lists more concisely than for loops, and the basic concepts of classes and objects in OOP.
This document provides an outline and overview of topics covered in a lecture on Python and Perl, including data abstraction using lists and tuples to build Huffman trees, and list comprehension. It discusses data encoding and decoding methods like Huffman coding, which uses variable-length bit sequences to represent characters based on their frequency. Examples are given of constructing and traversing Huffman trees to encode and decode messages. List comprehension is also introduced as a syntactic construct for building lists from specifications using predicates and output functions.
This document provides an overview of dictionaries in Python. It discusses how dictionaries are defined using curly braces {}, how keys can be any immutable object like strings or numbers while values can be any object, and how to access values using keys. It also covers adding and deleting key-value pairs, checking for keys, shallow and deep copying, and creating dictionaries from keys or sequences.
This document provides a summary of a lecture on Python and Perl. It recaps previous topics, outlines goals for the next few weeks including creating simple games with PyGame. It then outlines the topics to be covered, including Python built-in objects like numbers, strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries and files. It discusses numeric operations and formats. It also covers modules, user input, and string formatting.
This document provides an overview and outline of a course on Python and Perl programming. The course will cover Python for 10 weeks and Perl for 5 weeks, with exams on each language. Students will complete weekly coding assignments and a final project. The document discusses installing Python on various operating systems, key Python concepts like variables, lists, strings and tuples, and recommends texts for further reading.
This document provides an overview and outline of lecture 11 of CS 3430: Introduction to Python and Perl at Utah State University. It covers basic network programming concepts like sockets, clients, servers, TCP, UDP and includes code examples for minimal servers and clients. It also discusses handling multiple connections, accessing URLs, opening remote files, getting HTML source, and installing and checking availability of the Python Imaging Library (PIL).
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
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4. Strong and Dynamic Typing
●
●
●
●
●
Python is both strongly and dynamically typed
Strong typing means that every object has a specific
type
Variables contain references to objects
Dynamic typing means that types of objects pointed to
by variables are inferred at run time
There is no contradiction b/w strong and dynamic typing:
they describe two different features of programming languages
5. Strong and Dynamic Typing
var = 10
var = 'hello'
●
So hasn't var just changed type ?
●
The answer is NO. var isn't an object at all - it's a name.
6. Duck Typing
●
●
●
●
Sometimes Python is called a duck typing language
The gist of duck typing: real types of objects do not
matter so long as specific operations can be performed on them
Objects themselves “know” whether they can be added,
multiplied, concatenated, etc
If and when objects cannot perform a requested operation,
a run-time error occurs
7. Checking Object Types
●
There are two methods in Python for checking object types:
type(<object>) and isinstance(<object>, <type>)
>>> type([1, 2])
<type 'list'>
>>> isinstance([1, 2], list)
True
>>> type((1, 2))
<type 'tuple'>
>>> isinstance((1, 2), tuple)
True
>>> isinstance((1, 2), type((1, 2)))
True
11. General Facts
●
Lists are mutable type sequences
●
Lists contain 0 or more references to objects
●
Lists can contain references to different types of objects
12. Construction
# lst1 is an empty list
>>> lst1 = []
>>> lst1
[]
# lst2 is a list of integers.
>>> lst2 = [1, 2, 3, -4, 0, -5, 7]
>>> lst2
[1, 2, 3, -4, 0, -5, 7]
13. Construction
# lst3 is a mixed list.
>>> lst3 = [1, 'a', 'rock violin', 3.14, "math"]
>>> lst3
[1, 'a', 'rock violin', 3.14, 'math']
# lst4 is a nested list.
>>> lst4 = [1, [2, 3], 4, 5]
# lst5 is another nested list.
>>> lst5 = [1, lst3]
>>> lst5
[1, [1, 'a', 'rock violin', 3.14, 'math']]
14. Construction
●
list() function can be used as a constructor to
make empty lists or convert other sequences to lists
>>> x = list()
>>> x
[ ]
>>> y = list(“abc”)
>>> y
['a', 'b', 'c']
15. Sequence Operations
●
All sequences support the following operations:
Indexing
Membership
Concatenation
Multiplication
Slicing
Length
Minimum/Maximum element
16. Indexing
●
●
Use the square brackets [ and ] to index into lists
Since lists are sequences, left-to-right indexing starts
at 0
>>> lst = [1, 2, 3]
>>> lst[0]
1
>>> lst[1]
2
>>> lst[2]
3
17. Side Note on Sequence Indexing
●
●
●
In Python sequences, elements can be indexed left to
right and right to left
If s is a sequence, then the leftmost element is s[0] while
the rightmost element is s[-1]
In general, if s is a sequence of n elements, then
s[0] == s[-n], s[1] == s[-n+1], …, s[n-1] == s[-1]
19. Indexing
●
Right-to-left indexing starts with -1 and ends with -n,
where n is the number of elements in the list
>>> lst = [1, 2, 3]
>>> lst[-1] # 1st element from right
3
>>> lst[-2] # 2nd element from right
2
>>> lst[-3] # 3rd element from right
1
20. Out of Range Indexing
●
Both positive and negative indices result in errors if they go off on either side of the list
>>> lst = [1, 2, 3]
>>> lst[3]
out of range error
>>> lst[-4]
out of range error
21. Membership
●
If x is an object and lst is a list, then x in lst returns
True if x is an element of lst, else False is returned
>>> lst = [10, 'eggs', 3]
>>> 10 in lst
True
>>> 'eggs' in lst
True
>>> 'buzz' in lst
False
22. Membership
●
If x is an object and lst is a list, then x not in lst
returns True if x is not an element of lst, else False
>>> lst = [10, 'eggs', 3]
>>> 11 not in lst
True
>>> 'eggs' not in lst
False
>>> 'buzz' not in lst
True
23. Membership
●
Membership can be tested on nested lists
>>> lst = [['one', 1], ['two', 2], ['three', 3]]
>>> ['one', 1] in lst
True
>>> ['two', 2] in lst
True
>>> ['three', 3] in lst
True
24. Side Note On NOT
●
If you want to test if the negation of a boolean expression is true or false, you can use not in front that
expression
>>> not 1 == 2
True
>>> not 1 == 1
False
>>> lst=[1,2,3]
>>> 4 not in lst
True
>>> 1 != 2 ## this works as well
25. Concatenation
●
If x and y are lists, then x + y is their concatenation,
i.e. the list that consists of x's elements followed by
y's elements
>>> x = [10, 'eggs', 3]
>>> y = [12, 'buzz', 5]
>>> z = x + y
>>> z
[10, 'eggs', 3, 12, 'buzz', 5]
26. Multiplication
●
If x is a list and n is an integer, then x * n or n * x
is the list that consists of n copies (copies of references
to x) of x
>>> x = [1, 2]
>>> y = ['a', 'b']
>>> z = [x, y]
>>> z
[[1, 2], ['a', 'b']]
>>> z2 = z * 2
>>> z2
[[1, 2], ['a', 'b'], [1, 2], ['a', 'b']]
27. Slicing
●
●
●
●
Slicing is an operation that accesses a range of elements in a sequence
When the length of the range is 1, slicing is equivalent to indexing
A Slice is defined by two indexes: the start index is
the index of the first element; the end index is the index of the first element that immediately follows the
last element of the slice
The start index is inclusive and the end index is exclusive
29. ●
Omission of both indexes slices the entire list
Slicing
>>> lst = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']
>>> lst[:] ## same as lst[0:7]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']
●
Omitted start index defaults to 0
>>> lst[:3] ## same as lst[0:3]
['a', 'b', 'c']
●
Omitted end index defaults to the one right after the
last index in the sequence
>>> lst[3:] ## same as lst[3:7]
['d', 'e', 'f', 'g']
30. Length, Minimum, Maximum
●
These are self explanatory
>>>
>>>
3
>>>
'a'
>>>
'c'
lst = ['a', 'b', 'c']
len(lst)
min(lst)
max(lst)
31. Multi-Dimensional Lists
●
It is possible to construct multi-dimensional lists
●
Here is an example of a 2D list (aka matrix)
>>> matrix = [[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8]]
>>> matrix[0]
[0, 1, 2]
>>> matrix[1]
[3, 4, 5]
>>> matrix[0][0]
0
>>> matrix[0][2]
2
32. Deleting Elements
●
Delete individual element
>>> lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> del lst[1] ## deleting 2
>>> lst
[1, 3, 4, 5]
●
Delete a slice
>>> del lst[1:3]
>>> lst
[1, 5]
●
Assign an empty list to a slice to delete it
>>> lst[0:2] = []
33. List Manipulation with Built-In Methods
append(), extend(), reverse(), remove(),
index(), count(), sort()
34. list.append()
●
The method append() adds an object at the end of
the list
>>> lst1 = [1, 2, 3]
>>> lst1.append('a')
>>> lst1
[1, 2, 3, 'a']
>>> lst1.append(['b', 'c'])
>>> lst1
[1, 2, 3, 'a', ['b', 'c']]
35. list.extend()
●
The method extend() also destructively adds to the
end of the list, but, unlike append(), does not work
with non-iterable objects
>>> lst1 = [1, 2, 3]
>>> lst1.extend(4) # error
>>> lst1.extend(“abc”)
>>> lst1
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
36. list.append() vs. list.extend()
●
Here is another difference b/w extend() and append():
>>> lst1 = [1, 2, 3]
>>> lst1.append(['a', 'b'])
>>> lst1
[1, 2, 3, ['a', 'b']] ### the last element is a list
>>> lst1 = [1, 2, 3]
>>> lst1.extend(['a', 'b'])
>>> lst1
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b'] ### ['a', 'b'] is added at the end of
### lst1 element by element
37. len(), list.count(), list.index()
●
Let lst be a list
●
lst.len() returns the length of lst
●
lst.count(x) returns number of i's such that
s[i] == x
●
●
lst.index(x, [i, [,j]]) returns smallest k for which
s[k] == x and i <= k < j
Python documentation note: the notation [i, [, j]] means
that parameters i and j are optional: they can both be absent,
one of them can be absent, or they can both be present
39. list.remove(), list.reverse()
●
Let lst be a list
●
lst.remove(x) is the same as
del lst[lst.index(x)]
●
lst.reverse() reverses lst in place
●
lst.reverse() does not return a value
42. Types of Parameters
●
●
●
There are two types of parameters in Python:
positional and keyword
Positional parameters are regular parameters in the
function signature: the values they receive are
determined by their position in the signature
Keyword parameters are parameters that can take on
default values and whose position can vary in the
functional signature
43. Positional Parameters: Example
def hw_avail_str(crsn, hwn, hw_loc, due_date, submit_loc):
print "%s Assignment %s is available at %s. It is due by %s in %s." %
(crsn, hwn, hw_loc, due_date, submit_loc)
>>> hw_avail_str('CS3430', '2', 'www.canvas.org', '11:59pm, Jan 25, 2014',
'your canvas')
CS3430 Assignment 2 is available at www.canvas.org. It is due 11:59pm, Jan
25, 2014 in your canvas .
●
Note: You have to remember the position of each parameter in
the signature, i.e., that crsn (course number) comes first, hwn
(homework number) comes second, hw_loc (homework web
location) comes third, etc.
44. Keyword Parameters: Example
def hw_avail_str2(crsn='CS3430', hwn='0', hw_loc='www.myblog.org',
due_date='', submit_loc='your canvas'):
print "%s Assignment %s is available at %s. It is due by %s in %s." %
(crsn, hwn, hw_loc, due_date, submit_loc)
>>> hw_avail_str2(hwn='2', due_date='11:59pm, Jan 25, 2014')
CS3430 Assignment 2 is available at www.myblog.org. It is due by 11:59pm,
Jan 25, 2014 in your canvas.
●
Note: You do not have to remember the position of each
parameter in the signature but you do have to remember the
name of each keyword parameter
45. Combining Positional & Keyword Parameters
●
Positional & keyword parameters can be combined in one
signature: positional parameters must precede keyword
parameters
def combine(x, y=10, z='buzz'):
print 'x=%d y=%d z=%s' % (x, y, z)
>>> combine(5)
x=5 y=10 z=buzz
>>> combine(5, y=50, z='foo')
x=5 y=50 z=foo
46. Positional Parameter Collection
●
●
●
●
What happens if you do not know how many parameter values
you receive on the input?
There are two choices: use a container, e.g., a list or a tuple, or
use *operator
Suppose that we want to write a function that applies three types
of operations: sum, min, and max to sequences
We can use *operator to solve this problem
50. Scope
●
●
●
Scopes (aka namespaces) are dictionaries that map
variables to their values
Builtin function vars() returns the current scope
Python documentation recommends against
modifying the returned value of vars() because the
results are undefined
51. Scope
●
def always introduces a new scope
●
Here is a quick def scoping example:
>>> x = 10
>>> def f(y):
x = y ## changes x to y only inside f
print 'x=%d'%x
>>> f(20)
>>> x ## we are outside the scope of f so x is 10
10
52. Scope
●
It is possible to change the value of a global variable
inside a function: all you have to do is to tell Python
that the variable is global
def change_x_val(z):
global x
x=z
>>> x = 1
>>> change_x_val(10)
>>> x
10
53. Scope Sensitivity of vars()
●
Calls to vars() are scope-sensitive and return the currently
active scopes
def local_vars2(x, y):
def local_vars3(n, m):
n=x+1
m=y+2
print 'vars() inside local_vars3'
print vars()
z = x + 10
w = y + 20
print 'vars() inside local_vars2'
print vars()
local_vars3(3, 4)
55. Global Scope
●
●
Builtin function globals() returns the global scope
regardless of what the current scope is
For example, the following function prints the global
scope
def global_vars(x, y):
z=x+1
w=y+2
print globals()
56. Global Scope
●
This function prints the global scope several times
despite the scope nestings
def global_vars2(x, y):
def global_vars3(n, m):
n=x+1
m=y+2
print 'globals() inside global_vars3', globals()
z = x + 10
w = y + 20
print 'globals() inside global_vars2', globals()
global_vars3(3, 4)
57. Nested Scopes
●
Nested scopes are very useful in functions that return other
functions
def func_factory(oper, lst):
def list_extender(inner_lst):
inner_lst.extend(lst)
def list_remover(inner_lst):
for i in lst: inner_lst.remove(i)
if oper == 'extend':
return list_extender
elif oper == 'remove':
return list_remover
else:
return 'ERROR: Unknown operation'
58. Nested Scopes
●
Nested scopes are very useful in functions that return other
functions
>>> fex = func_factory('extend', ['I', 'am', 'extended'])
>>> frm = func_factory('remove', ['I', 'am', 'extended'])
>>> lst = [1, 2, 3]
>>> fex(lst) ## lst is extended by ['I', 'am', 'extended']
>>> lst
[1, 2, 3, 'I', 'am', 'extended']
>>> frm(lst) ## all elements of ['I', 'am', 'extended'] are removed
from lst
>>> lst
[1, 2, 3]