2D array in C++ language ,define the concept of c++ Two-Dimensional array .with example .and also Accessing Array Components concept.and Processing Two-Dimensional Arrays.
2D array in C++ language ,define the concept of c++ Two-Dimensional array .with example .and also Accessing Array Components concept.and Processing Two-Dimensional Arrays.
Sequential collection of elements of the same type
used to store a collection of data
consist of contiguous memory locations
lowest address corresponds to the first element and the highest address to the last element.
Array
Introduction
One-dimensional array
Multidimensional array
Advantage of Array
Write a C program using arrays that produces the multiplication of two matrices.
An array is a group of data items of same data type that share a common name. Ordinary variables are capable of holding only one value at a time. If we want to store more than one value at a time in a single variable, we use arrays.
An array is a collective name given to a group of similar variables. Each member in the group is referred to by its position in the group.
Arrays are alloted the memory in a strictly contiguous fashion. The simplest array is a one-dimensional array which is a list of variables of same data type. An array of one-dimensional arrays is called a two-dimensional array.
Sequential collection of elements of the same type
used to store a collection of data
consist of contiguous memory locations
lowest address corresponds to the first element and the highest address to the last element.
Array
Introduction
One-dimensional array
Multidimensional array
Advantage of Array
Write a C program using arrays that produces the multiplication of two matrices.
An array is a group of data items of same data type that share a common name. Ordinary variables are capable of holding only one value at a time. If we want to store more than one value at a time in a single variable, we use arrays.
An array is a collective name given to a group of similar variables. Each member in the group is referred to by its position in the group.
Arrays are alloted the memory in a strictly contiguous fashion. The simplest array is a one-dimensional array which is a list of variables of same data type. An array of one-dimensional arrays is called a two-dimensional array.
Functions: Function Definition, prototyping, types of functions, passing arguments to functions, Nested Functions, Recursive functions.
Strings: Declaring and Initializing strings, Operations on strings, Arrays of strings, passing strings to functions. Storage Classes: Automatic, External, Static and Register Variables.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Define the concept of
arrays
Determine how one-
dimensional array is
declared and initialized
Know the concept of
two-dimensional arrays
Discuss how two-
dimensional array is
declared and initialized
Describe multi-
dimensional arrays
Explain dynamic arrays 3
5. What is array?
An array is a fixed size sequenced collection of elements of the SAME
datatype.
Syntax to declare array:
datatype variable-name [size];
5
5
6. We don’t need to declare values for
elements. Like below:
6
6
7. One-dimensional:
Just by declaring one variable we can put an INDEX number which is merely the number variables.
We can index starting with 0 which is preferred by computer.
But we shouldn’t get confused so we can state indexing with 1.
7
7
9. Compile Time Initialization:
We can initialize the elements of array in same way as
the ordinary variable when they are declared.
Datatype array-name [size] = {list of values}
Int number[3] = {0, 1, 2};
We can omit the size during compile time initialization
only.
int number[ ] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
This approach works fine as long as we initialize every
element in the array. 9
9
10. Character array Initialization :
char name[ ] = {‘J’,ʻe’,ʻn’,ʻc’,ʻy’,ʻ0’};
or,
char name[ ]=ʺJency”;
Compile time initialization may be partial. That is, the number of initialize may be
less than the declared size.
int number[5]={10, 20, 30};
Here, array index number initialized is 5 but there are 3 elements.
The remaining 2 places are Zero and if the array type is char the Null.
int number[2] = {1,2,3,4};
In this case the declared size has more initialized elements. The compiler will
create error. 10
11. Run time initialization:
An array can be Explicitly initialized at run time. This approach is usually applied for
initializing user input data. Using for loop can help in this case.
11
11
13. Searching And Sorting:
Sorting: The process of arranging elements in the list according to their values, in ascending or
descending order. A sorted list is called an ordered list. Sorted lists are especially important in list
searching because they facilitate rapid search operation.
Important and simple sorting techniques:
Bubble sort
Selection sort
Insertion sort
Searching: The process of finding the location of the specific element in a list. The specified element is often
called the search key. If the search key with list element values, the search is said to be successful else
unsuccessful.
The most commonly used search techniques are:
Sequential Search
Binary Search
Shell sort
Merge sort
Quick sort
13
13
14. TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS:
We represent a particular value in matrix using 2 subscripts such as vrc here, r is for row
and c is for column.
Syntax:
datatype array_name[row_size][column_size];
Like single-dimensional arrays, each dimension of the array is indexed from zero to its maximum size-1.
The first index selects the row and the second index selects the column within row.
14
14
15. 2D Array Compile time initialization:
Array size declaration and values initialized in braces:
int table[2][3]={0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1};
OR,
int table[2][3] = {{0, 0, 0},{1, 1, 1} };
OR,
int table[2][3] = { {0, 0, 0},
{1, 1, 1}
};
The initialization is done
row by row
We can initialize a two
dimensional array in the
form of matrix
15
15
16. OR,
int table[ ][3] = {
{0, 0, 0},
{1, 1, 1}
};
*****************************
int table[2][3] = {
{1,2},
{2}
};
*****************************
int table[2][3] = {{0}, {0}, {0}};
or,
int table[2][3] = {0, 0};
When the array is completely
initialized with all values, explicitly,
we need not specify the size of the
dimension
If the values are missing in
initialize, they are
automatically set to Zero
When all the elements are
to be initialized to Zero, this
short-cut may be used 16
16
17. #include <stdio.h>
int main () {
/* an array with 5 rows and 2 columns*/
int a[5][2] = { {0,0}, {1,2}, {2,4}, {3,6},{4,8}};
int i, j;
/* output each array element's value */
for ( i = 0; i < 5; i++ ){
for ( j = 0; j < 2; j++ ) {
printf("a[%d][%d] = %dn", i, j, a[i][j] );
}
}
return 0;
} 17
17
18. 2D matrix Run time Input and Display:
#include<stdio.h>
#define MAX 10
int main()
{
int array[MAX][MAX],i, j, r, c;
printf("Enter row and column number:n");
scanf("%d %d", &r, &c);
printf("Enter %d X %d elements:n", r, c);
for(i = 0; i <r; i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c; j++)
{
printf("Enter array[%d][%d]: ",i+1,j+1);
scanf("%d", &array[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Your entered 2D matrix of %dX%d
elements:n", r, c);
for(i=0;i<r; i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c; j++)
{
printf("%5d", array[i][j]);
}
printf("n");
}
return 0;
}
18
18
20. MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS:
C allows three or more dimensions.
The exact limit is determined by the compiler. It's an array or collection of 2D arrays, and
a 2D array is an array of 1D array.
The general form of a multi-dimensional array is
datatype arrary_name[s1][s2]…..[si];
here si is size of i-th dimension.
Examples:
int survey[3][5][12]; >>holds: 3*5*12=180 integer type elements<<
20
20
23. Dynamic Array:
We create arrays at compile time. An array created at compile
time by specifying SIZE in the source code has a fixed size and
cannot be modified at run time. The process of allocating
memory at compile time is known as Static Memory Allocation.
Considering a situation where we want to use array that can vary
greatly in size. In C it is possible to allocate memory to array at
run time are called Dynamic arrays.
Dynamic arrays are created using what are known as pointer
variables and memory management function malloc, calloc and
realloc. These functions are included in header file <stdlib.h>.
These are used in data structure such as linked lists, stacks and
queues. 23