This document is the notes from a lecture on introduction to computer science. It discusses the basic concepts of information science including the analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval, movement and dissemination of information. It also defines a computer and differentiates between data and information. The key elements of an information system are identified as hardware, data, software, people and procedures. The different categories of computers are described including personal computers, mobile devices, game consoles, servers, mainframes, supercomputers, and embedded computers. Advantages of using computers include speed, reliability, consistency, storage and communications while disadvantages are the potential violation of privacy, impact on the labor force, environment and potential health risks.

1. Bayan university
DCS
Introduction to computer science

2. Lecture one
 Basic concepts
and computer categories
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3. Information science
Information science is an interdisciplinary field, primarily
concerned with:
 Analysis
 Collection
 Classification
 Manipulation
 Storage
 Retrieval
 Movement
 Dissemination
 Protection
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of information

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5. Computer
A computer is a general purpose device that
can be programmed to carry out a set of
arithmetic or logical operations automatically.
A computer can receive data, process it
according to specific rules, produce and store
results.
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6. Data versus Information
Computers process data to produce
information.
Data is a collection of unprocessed items,
which may include text, numbers, images,
audio, and video.
Whereas information conveys meaning
and is useful for users.
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7. Data and information example
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8. Information System Elements
1. Hardware: needed as a platform.
2. Data: the data entered into computers.
3. Software: for processing data.
4. People: programmers and end users.
5. Procedures: a well-documented
explanation of how to work on hardware
and software.
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10. Hardware
Computers Categories
Industry experts classify computers to seven categories:
1. Personal Computers
2. Mobile computers and Devices
3. Game Consoles
4. Servers
5. Mainframes
6. Super-computers
7. Embedded Computers
-According to:
Size, speed, processing power, and price can determine the
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11. 1- Desktop Computer
A desktop or a personal computer can do input, output,
processing, and storage operations by itself. It contains a
processor, memory, input, output, and storage devices.
There are two popular architectures of the desktops:
1. PC from the original architectures IBM and other IBM-
compatible designs like Toshiba, Dell, HP.
2. Apple computers which use Macintosh operating
system (Mac OS).
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12. 2-Mobile computers
and Devices

13. 2 -A1- Laptop Computer
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• It is a full-purpose computer that can be
held by hand.
• The monitor is flat and integrated in the
computer.
• It is designed to have the minimum
possible weight.

14. 2-A2- Tablet computer
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• Users can input data to this type of computers the same way
they write on papers.
• Some of these computers also have keyboards.
• One characteristic of the monitor here is the 180o -rotation
capability.
• It can be folded to be directly over the keyboard.

15. 2-B - Mobile Devices
A mobile device is a small portable device
fits in the palm of the hand and the pocket.
It stores programs inside the system unit or
in a small size storage unit (memory card).
It can be linked to a PC to transfer data.
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16. Some of its examples:
• Mobile phone
• Smart phone
• Handhelds
• Personaldigital assistantPDA
• Digital camera
• Portable media player
• Phablet
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17. 3- Gaming Console
 Gaming consoles emerged in 1972, and continuously developed.
 It is a complete computing device that has input, output, storage,
and communication devices.
 Examples: Xbox, Nintendo ‘Wii/DS, and Sony Play Station.
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18. 4- Server
The server controls the access to the hardware,
software and other resources on a network.
It provides a centralized storage area for programs,
data and information.
People use their computers to access data,
information, and programs on a server.
The server duty is to wait for requests and then
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19. 5-Mainframe
Mainframes are large, expensive, and very
powerful computers that can handle hundreds or
thousands of simultaneously connected users.
A mainframe can store enormous amount of
data, information, and instructions.
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20. 6- Super Computer
 A super computer is the fastest, most powerful, expensive,
and largest computer ever to exist.
 It weighs more than hundred tons.
 It is able to process more than quadrillion (1015) operations in
a single second.
 It can store more than 20,000 times the data an average pc can.
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21. The super computers are used for the applications
that require very complex operations such as:
➢ Large-scale simulators
➢ Aerospace
➢ Automotive design
➢ Weather forecast
➢ Nuclear research
➢ Petroleum exploration
➢ Predicting the future such as natural disasters.
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22. 7- Embedded Computer
 An embedded computer is a small size special purposecomputer,
which acts as a componentof a larger product.
 Embedded computerscan be found everywhere… like:
o Home automation
o Security-monitoring systems
o Sprinkling
o Lighting
o Washing machines.
o Automobiles
o Smart Phones
o Digital Screens, Cameras, DVD Players
o Robots, Controllers, and Medical Devices.
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24. Advantages and Disadvantages of using computer
Advantages
▪ Speed
▪ Reliability
▪ Consistency
▪ Storage
▪ Communications
Disadvantages
▪ Violation of privacy
▪ Public safety
▪ Impact on labor force
▪ Impact on environment
▪ Health risks
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