Know more about type, characteristics, hyprid and analog computers

1. Computer
Applications
Assignment
On
Analog, Digital and
By-Chetna Sarkar
Of- Doon Business School

2. About
Computer
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to carry
out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically .
Modern computers can perform generic sets of operations known as programs.
These programs enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks.
A computer system is a "complete" computer that includes the hardware, operating
system (main software), and peripheral equipment needed and used for "full"
operation.
This term may also refer to a group of computers that are linked and function
together, such as a computer network or computer cluster.

3. Uses Of
Computer

4. Businesses
In businesses, computers are primarily used to
store and manage accounts and personal data,
maintain projects, track inventory status, and
make reports and presentations.
They are best suited for transaction processing
because they are more accurate and faster than
humans.
Computers also help people analyse their
investment, expenses, profits, sales and many
other aspects of the business.
Science
In science, research and engineering,
computers are best suited for collecting,
analysing, categorizing, and storing the data.
Computers enable scientists from different
locations (such as different countries) to work
together on the same project with cloud
support.
Besides, computers play a crucial role in
launching, maintaining, controlling spacecraft,
and operating many other technologies.
Government
They are getting used to performing various
functions in different departments and improving
their services' quality, efficiency, and productivity.
Some examples of such services are city planning,
traffic control, law enforcement, infrastructure
developments, and tourism.
In most cases, the primary purposes of using
computers are performing data processing tasks,
maintaining citizens' database, and promoting a
paperless environment.
Health and Medical
They are used for maintaining patients'
information, records, live monitoring of
patients, X-rays, and help configure lab-
tools, monitor heart rate, and blood
pressure, etc.
Besides, advanced surgical devices are
based on robotics that helping surgeons
to conduct complex operations and
surgeries remotely.
Education
They help people get different
educational materials (such as images,
videos, e-books, etc.) in one place. All
such information can be accessed
through the Internet.
Additionally, computers are best suited
for online classes, online tutoring,
online examinations, and creating
assignments and projects.

5. Industry
Computers are used in
industries to perform
various tasks, such as
maintaining inventory,
interior designing,
designing samples or
virtual products,
communicating over
video conferencing, and
Online marketing has
made it easier for people
to buy products in rural
areas.
Online trading in stock
markets has also seen a
significant revolution due
to its easy participation
potential.
Banking
People can check their
account balance, transfer
money, and pay online
bills, including credit
cards. Besides, Banks use
computers to perform
transactions and store
customer data,
transaction records, etc.
to reduce the number of
manual errors, number of
employees, and costs to a
great extent by using
computers.
ATMs are the best
example of computers
that are helping people to
withdraw and deposit the
money themselves.
Entertainm
ent
Computers can be
used to watch
movies, play games,
listen to music,
record their videos,
Computers
combined with
MIDI instruments
can be used to
record audio
through artificial
instruments.
Training
Computer-based
training helps
companies save
their time, money,
and increase
productivity.
Also, computer-
based training can
be used to train
employees for large
distances in various
locations,
eliminating travel
time and costs and
making the training
process much more
comfortable and
smoother.
Arts
 There are several
photo editor
software that can
help people edit
and customize
their photos.
 Apart from this,
the dance's
movements and
steps can be
shown live with
animations' help.

6. Sports
In sports, computers are mainly used to
maintain scoreboards, records, and
other statistics.
Furthermore, they are used to analyse
player movements and make various
in-game decisions.
Safety and Security
Computers are capable of working together with
different equipment, tools, and technologies when it
comes to safety, computers are widely being used
with the security camera.
Also, these cameras are helping security intelligence
agencies to identify terrorists or criminals in public
places.
Computers attached with a fingerprint scanner and
face-recognition technology have made it harder for
fraudsters to use fake identities and take government
benefits using someone else's identity.
Publishing
Computers are mainly used for designing
and publishing newsletters, novels, posters,
magazines, or newspapers, etc.
Computers can be seen in both types of
publishing methods, either its hard-copy or
e-books.
Apart from this, computers play a vital role
in blogging and writing articles on websites.
Weather Forecasting
The weather forecasting process involves
complex computation and monitoring of data
from satellites and many other technological
devices.
The computer has made it a little easier to
predict weather conditions because it can
process information from different sources
and make complex calculations related to it,
which are necessary for forecasting.
Communications
Modern computers come with a built-in webcam
and microphone to make use of communication
easier. People can use software like Skype and
Hangout to connect with other people over the
Internet.
Computers help families connect to their
relatives, businesses to organize meetings, and
companies to take interviews, between two
different locations that are too far. Apart from
this, older communications methods such as
emails are also still used widely.

7. Characterist
ics Of
Computer

8. •A computer works with much higher speed and accuracy compared to humans while performing mathematical
calculations. Computers can process millions (1,000,000) of instructions per second. The time taken by computers for
their operations is microseconds and nanoseconds.
Speed
•Computers perform calculations with 100% accuracy. Errors may occur due to data inconsistency or inaccuracy.
Accuracy
•A computer can perform millions of tasks or calculations with the same consistency and accuracy. It doesn’t feel any
fatigue or lack of concentration. Its memory also makes it superior to that of human beings.
Diligence
•Versatility refers to the capability of a computer to perform different kinds of works with same accuracy and efficiency.
Versatility
•A computer is reliable as it gives consistent result for similar set of data i.e., if we give same set of input any number of
times, we will get the same result.
Reliability
•Computer performs all the tasks automatically i.e. it performs tasks without manual intervention.
Automation
•A computer has built-in memory called primary memory where it stores data. Secondary storage are removable
devices such as CDs, pen drives, etc., which are also used to store data.
Memory

9. Classificatio
ns Of
Computer
The computer systems can be classified on the
following basis:
1. On the basis of size.
2. On the basis of functionality
3. On the basis of data handling
4. On the basis of data generation.

10. 1. First generation computers (1940-1955): It used vacuum tubes such as the 6J6[1] or specially
designed tubes - or even mechanical arrangements, and were relatively slow, energy-hungry
and were less flexible in their programmability.
2. Second generation computers (1956-1963): It used discrete transistors, and so were smaller
and consumed less power than first generation computers.
3. Third generation computers (1964-1970): It used Integrated Circuits (ICs), the main
difference between hardware in computers of the 1960s and today being the density of transistors in
each IC with over ten billion transistors in a single silicon-based IC "chip".
4. Fourth generation computers(1971-2010): It uses Microprocessors, as millions of ICs were
built onto a single silicon-based chip. Since then form factor of computers reduced, task processing
& graphic rendering improved and it became more battery-powered with the advent of personal
mobile devices such as laptops, tablets, smartphones etc.
5. Fifth Generation of Computers (2010-present ): These are computing devices based on
artificial intelligence which are still getting developed with a lot of progress day by day. These
include applications such as voice recognition and parallel processing which understand human
language input and are capable of learning and giving output independently.
Classification on the
basis of Generation

11. 1. Super computers : A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance compared to a general-
purpose computer. The actual Performance of a supercomputer is measured in FLOPS instead of MIPS. All of
the world’s fastest 500 supercomputers run Linux-based operating systems. Supercomputers are used for
intensive computation tasks in various fields, including quantum mechanics, weather forecasting, climate
research, oil and gas exploration, molecular modelling, and physical simulations. e.g.: PARAM, jaguar,
roadrunner.
2. Mainframe computers : These are commonly called as big iron, as they are usually used by big organisations
for bulk data processing such as statics, census data processing, transaction processing and are widely used
as the servers as these systems has a higher processing capability as compared to the other classes of
computers. E.g.: IBM z Series, System z9 and System z10 servers.
3. Mini computers : These computers came into the market in mid 1960s and were sold at a much cheaper
price than the main frames, they were actually designed for control, instrumentation, human interaction, and
communication switching as distinct from calculation and record keeping, later they became very popular for
personal uses with evolution. E.g.: Personal Laptop, PC etc.
4. Micro computers : A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its
CPU. It includes a microprocessor, memory, and minimal I/O circuitry mounted on a single printed circuit
board. They actually formed the foundation for present day microcomputers and smart gadgets that we use in
day to day life. E.g.: Tablets, Smartwatches.
Classification on the
basis of Size

12. 1. Servers : Servers are nothing but dedicated computers which are set-up to offer some services to the
clients. They are named depending on the type of service they offered. E.g.: security server, database
server.
2. Workstation : Those are the computers designed to primarily to be used by single user at a time. They
run multi-user operating systems. They are the ones which we use for our day to day personal /
commercial work.
3. Information Appliances : They are the portable devices which are designed to perform a limited set of
tasks like basic calculations, playing multimedia, browsing internet etc. They are generally referred as
the mobile devices. They have very limited memory and flexibility and generally run on “as-is” basis.
4. Embedded computers : They are the computing devices which are used in other machines to serve
limited set of requirements. They follow instructions from the non-volatile memory and they are not
required to execute reboot or reset. The processing units used in such device work to those basic
requirements only and are different from the ones that are used in workstations.
Classification on the
basis of Functionality

13. 1. Analog : An analogue computer is a form of computer that uses the continuously-changeable
aspects of physical fact such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities. Any thing that is
variable with respect to time and continuous can be claimed as analogue just like an analogue
clock measures time by means of the distance travelled for the spokes of the clock around the
circular dial.
2. Digital : “Computer capable of solving problems by processing information expressed in
discrete form by manipulating the combinations of the binary digits, it can perform mathematical
calculations, organize and analyse data, control industrial and other processes, and simulate
dynamic systems such as global weather patterns.
3. Hybrid : A computer that processes both analogue and digital data, Hybrid computer is a digital
computer that accepts analogue signals, converts them to digital and processes them in digital
form.
Classification on the
basis of Data
Handling Capacity

14. About Analogue
Computers
An analogue is a computer which uses continuously changeable
entities like mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, etc.
These were first used at the time of the 1950s–1960s.
These computers work on an analogue signal. Also, these signals
are the continuous signals with a time-varying feature of the signal.
Analogue computers are in use for some specific applications, like
the flight computer in aircraft, ships, submarines, and some
appliances in our daily life such as refrigerator, speedometer, etc.

15.  An essential feature of analogue computers is that the quantities that represent digital data change consistently
over time.
 Analogue computers are mostly mechanical or electrical machines that can perform tasks like addition,
multiplication, subtraction, and division.
 The output of analogue devices can be expressed in the form of graphs drawn on the screen of an oscilloscope or
on paper, or an electrical signal used to control the operation of a mechanism.
 The analogue machines are designed for specific purposes. These are generally used to monitor real-world
conditions like Wind, Sound, Movement, Temperature, etc.
 In addition to technical applications (like automatic transmissions and musical synthesizers), analogue computers
are also used to solve specific computational problems of a practical nature.
Features of
Analogue
Computers

16. Types of
Analogue
Computers
1.Slide Rules
• It is the simplest
and most
recognizable
mechanical
analogue
computer. It is
the device for
approximating
basic mathematic
al calculations.
The user slides a
hashed rod to
line up with
various markings
on another rod.
They read the
device on the
basis of the line-
up of various
hash marks.
2.Differential
Analysers
• It is a famous
mechanical
analogue
computer and is
able to solve
differential
equations. The
differential
analyser was
refined in the
1930s. The
machines are
large in
comparison to
modern
computers.
3.The Castle
Clock
• It is a good
representation of
the various uses
for mechanical
analogue
computers. It was
invented by Al-
Jarazi and it was
capable of saving
programming
instructions. A
computational
portion of this
device allowed
users to set the
variable length of
the day based on
the current
season.
4.Electronic
Analog Computers
• Modern analogue
computers are using
electrical signals
flowing through various
resistors and
capacitors. These are
not using the
mechanical interaction
of components. The
voltage of the signal
provides the displays.
Electronic analogue
computers are also
widely in use for
computing and military
technology.
4.Mechanical
Analog
Computers
• Mechanical analogue
computers are
designed along with
different components
such as gears and
lever, in which not use
electronic parts. It
produces output while
turning of gears, and it
can perform
multiplication and
division operations.
Examples are – Cosmic
Engine, Pascaline,
Stepped Reckoner etc.
4.Pneumatic
Analog
Computer
• These computers
use the
compressed air in
the form of
power source
that is very
simple and
inherently
analogue, and
these computers
mostly used in
the non
residential
building areas.
4.Hydraulic
Analog
Computer
• First, hydraulic
analogue
computer was
developed by
Mihailo Petrovic
Alas in 1868-
1943. Firstly,
main objective of
designing of this
computer is to
solve the
differential
equations.

17. Advantages of
Analogue Computers
Real time operations- several signal values can be manipulated
concurrently.
No need the transducers to transform input/output to digital electronic
form.
Programmers can analysis the problems in real-time and fix them.
Less consumption of bandwidth.
It has more speed to produce result.
More accurate.

18. Disadvantages of
Analogue
Computers
1.Computations operations have various
limitations to dynamic range like as not more
about 125 db.
The size of generated results can take
inordinate amount of setup time frame.
Its result is displayed only in real time, so less
probability to store its result for future uses.
All elements of problems work on the large
different time scales, so it’s difficult to deal
along with accurately values.

19. Applications of
Analogue Computers
1. Thermometer
An analogue thermometer makes use of a graduated scale and properties of mercury to fulfil its operation. Mercury,
which is liquid at room temperature, expands upon heating. Body temperature is an analogue signal.
2. Speedometer
The speedometer is a device that detects the speed of a moving vehicle. The Speed is pointed with the help of a needle
that is allowed to deflect freely according to the analogue signal received by it. The speedometer cable is attached to the
gear shaft on one end, and to a permanent magnet on the other end. This magnet is coupled to a metallic speed cup with
no physical connection between them. The speed cup is connected to the indicator with the help of an inductor rod having
a spring attached to it. The spinning outer shaft of the gearbox rotates the magnet. The magnetic field generated by the
moving magnet attracts the metallic speed cup. This mechanical movement of the speed cup is used to deflect the
needle. This deflection of the needle indicates the speed of the vehicle.
3. Analogue Clock
An analogue clocks use quartz crystal that is susceptible to the piezoelectric effect. The voltage provided by the battery,
an analogue signal, allows the piezoelectric crystal to vibrate at a rate of exactly 32,768 vibrations per second. With the
help of these vibrations, a pulse is generated, and one pulse is the time equivalent of one second. So, one second equals
32,768 vibrations of the piezoelectric crystal.

20. 4. Seismometer
The seismometer is a device used to record the intensity of an earthquake. The waves produced during an earthquake
are called seismic waves. Seismic waves are then recorded on the graph paper present in the setup, called a
seismograph. The seismologists, then, tell us about the intensity of the earthquake after a proper study and analysis of
the seismograph.
5. Voltmeter
A voltmeter is used to display the potential difference existing between two points of an electrical network. Voltage is
an analogue signal because it varies constantly with respect to time. Analogue voltmeters mainly consist of a deflecting
needle and a curved graduated scale on the display unit. The voltmeter is connected in parallel circuit in order to
measure the subsequent voltage drop across the resistor.
6. Flight Simulators
During the flight, the pilot may experience a lot of extremities including bad weather, engine failure, tyre blowouts on
the runway, etc. A flight simulator is used to create an illusion of all such problems during the training of a pilot. The
simulator creates an exact replica of the real cockpit with use of hydraulic pumps, image generators, sound systems,
motion actuators, etc. All such computing elements deal in real-life or analogue signals.
7. Tide Predictors
A tide-predicting machine makes use of mechanical machinery to note the height of tides at regular intervals. Tides are
caused due to the gravitational pull of the earth, sun, and moon. The location and motion of these three celestial
bodies are very well known, which is why it is easy to predict tides in a precise manner. Whenever a high tide is
observed, the machine sends an alert. Water waves are analogue in nature.

21. About Digital
Computers
The information in such computers is represented by variables taking a
limited number of discrete values. These computers work on a digital
signal. These signals represent data as a series of discrete values.
Specifically, digital computers use the binary number system, which
has two digits i.e., 0 and 1. A binary digit is called a bit. Thus, they
represented and store the information in the groups of bits.
Main advantages of a digital computer are their accuracy and fast
speed. Also, these are re-programmable and their outputs are least
affected by outside disturbances.
Some examples of digital computers are desktop, laptop, calculators,
smartphones, etc.

22.  Digital computers can store a large number of data and can retrieve data in a fraction of
second. The data can be stored for any duration and retrieved anytime.
 These computers can perform multi-tasking without any human interference and hence
they are very flexible and versatile.
 These devices once started are automatic. They do not need any intervention until
required by the task specifically.
 Digital computers are high in speed and carry out all the operations with very fast
speed.
 These devices help in storing all the information which helps in retrieving accurate data
at any point in a given time.
Features of
Digital
Computers

23. Types of Digital
Computers
1.Microcomputer
A Microcomputer is not really
expensive and it comes with a
microprocessor as its Central
processing unit and
input/output devices.
These computers are generally
called personal computers and
a few of the examples are IBM
pc, Apple, Dell.
Minicomputers
Minicomputers are known as
mid-range computers that
contain one or more
processors.
They support multiprocessing
which means these multiple
processors share the same
computer memory and other
required peripheral devices to
perform the given task.
Minicomputers are generally
used for processing
transactions, file handling,
managing database.
Mainframe computers
Mainframe computers are
generally large size computers
mainly used for storing large
amounts of data and processing
and known for its high level of
reliability.
These machines are used by an
organization that requires
crucial applications such as
census, customer statistics for
large calculations which require
a high volume of data
processing.
Super Computers
Supercomputers are very
expensive and the world’s
fastest computers are available.
These computers have
thousands of processors that
perform trillions of calculations
per second and hence the
fastest known ever.
Supercomputers are used
extensively in enterprises and
organizations that require
massive calculations.

24. Advantages of
Digital Computers
Digital systems have made possible many industrial, scientific, and
commercial advances that would have been unattainable otherwise.
Information or data can be easily stored in digital computer systems.
Many additional features and units can often be added to a digital system
more efficiently.
Digital computers provide more accurate results.
Other merits of digital computers are more reliability, flexibility, versatility,
compatibility, less expensive, and ease to control.

25. Disadvantages of
Digital
Computers
1.Digital systems consume more energy to
accomplish the tasks, thus producing more
heat.
The Digital circuits are often fragile. If a single
piece of digital data is lost or misinterpreted,
the meaning of large blocks of related data
can completely change.
Digital computers manipulate discrete
elements of information by using a machine
language (binary code).

26. Applications of
Digital Computers
1.Digital Calculator
A digital calculator is an electronic gadget designed to perform calculations including simple
mathematics, complex algebra, logical analysis, etc. Most digital calculators are easily portable
and battery-powered. Computers were initially designed to perform calculations.
2. Digital Clock
Digital clocks display the time on the screen directly in terms of numeric digits, that are easy to
comprehend. However, the timekeeping mechanism of both analogue and digital clocks is
almost the same. Both of them make use of quartz crystals. The crystal vibrates 32,768 times
to generate a pulse, which is then fed to 15 flip-flops in order to generate a 1 Hz signal. A
digital clock makes use of integrated circuits that deal with digital data.
3. Digital Weighing Machine
A digital weighing machine consists of a sensor, a microcontroller, and a digital display screen.
Most of the digital weighing machines are battery-powered making them easily portable. The
sensor senses the pressure and generates a change in resistance. This change in resistance
is then fed to the microcontroller that processes and converts the signal to human-
understandable digital digits.

27. 4. Consumer Electronic Equipment
Consumer electronic equipment are the electronic gadgets that we use in daily life. For example, a microwave oven, refrigerator,
washing machine, vacuum cleaner, etc.
•Modern refrigerators make use of a digital inverter compressor that allows the compressor to adjust the cooling speed as per the
requirement.
•Similarly, microwave ovens have built-in digital counters and temperature sensors that offer better functionality compared to traditional
ovens.
•Likewise, automatic washing machines have a microcontroller chip that controls all the processes and data to generate the required
output.
5. Automobiles
A lot of operations performed inside an automobile are digital computer-dependent. For example, accessing GPS, playing music,
wielding the smart rearview mirror, etc.
6.. Smart Phones
A smartphone is a microcomputer that consists of a processor, a memory element, and various input/output devices embedded on a
printed circuit board. The processor takes the real-life input from the user, converts it into digital form, processes it, and output the data
into user understandable format.
7. Laptop/Personal Computer
Earlier, personal computers worked on analogue technology. Therefore, they were slow, less precise, and offered low signal quality, but
digital computers helped overcome all these disadvantages along with providing additional features such as portability, better
information storage, greater flexibility, etc.
8. ATM
Automated Teller Machine is a perfect example of mainframe computers. Data handling capacity and reliability are the two most notable
traits of mainframe computers. This is why they are employed in applications where security and flawless operation are of prime
concern.

28. About Hybrid
Computers
Hybrid computer has features of both analogue and digital
computer.
It is fast like an analogue computer and has memory and accuracy
like digital computers.
It can process both continuous and discrete data. It accepts
analogue signals and convert them into digital form before
processing.
So, it is widely used in specialized applications where both analogue
and digital data is processed. For example, a processor is used in
petrol pumps that converts the measurements of fuel flow into
quantity and price.

29.  Hybrid computer has features of both analogue and digital computer.
 It is fast like an analogue computer and has memory and accuracy like
digital computers.
 It can process both continuous and discrete data. It accepts analogue
signals and convert them into digital form before processing.
 So, it is widely used in specialized applications where both analogue
and digital data is processed. For example, a processor is used in petrol
pumps that converts the measurements of fuel flow into quantity and
price.
Features of
Hybrid
Computers

30. Types of Hybrid
Computers
1.1. Large Electronic
Hybrid Computer
2.Large Electronic Hybrid
Computers consist of a number of
operational amplifiers. Initially,
they were designed to solve
complex differential equations.
Now, these computers have
become obsolete, but they have
provided a rigid base for the later
developed technologies.
2. General-Purpose
Hybrid Computers
As the name suggests, general-
purpose hybrid computers are
used for general purposes such
as computing numerical results
quickly with high precision.
Due to the application in daily
life, these computers are
comparatively more flexible
and user friendly.
3. Special-Purpose
Hybrid Computers
Special Purpose Hybrid
Computers are used in places
that require extreme
supervision. For instance,
hospitals, fire stations, forensic
labs, etc. These computers are
very less susceptible to
reprogramming and serve as a
controller or analyser.

31. Advantages of
Hybrid Computers
Hybrid computers are extremely fast when controlling equations, even if
the calculations are very complex.
The digital components help eliminate the limited accuracy of analogue
device.
The value of the hybrid computer is easy to see where equations need to
be driven in real-time.
The answers are more detailed and, therefore, more useful than the quick
answers provided by analogue computers.

32. Disadvantages of
Hybrid
Computers
1.Hybrid computers are used only for
performing specific (particular fields) tasks
and are a bit expensive.
1.The hardware of these computers is
complicated because these computers have to
convert digital signals into analogue signals
and analogue signals into digital signals.
1.To run these computers, it is necessary to
have complete knowledge of their software.

33. Applications of
Digital Computers
1. Gasoline Station
The fuel vending machine at a gas station measures the amount of fuel via analogue
technology and displays the information regarding cost in digital form.
2. Electrocardiogram Machine
Electrocardiogram or ECG machine is designed to measure heart activity. It makes use of 12-
13 sensors that pick the body signals and translate them to the digital data, then processed by
the controller, and the output is generated, usually, in the form of an electrocardiograph. Body
signals are analogue in nature, and the output is generated in both analogue and digital form.
3. Ultrasound Machine
Ultrasound is the high-frequency sound waves that a normal human cannot hear directly. An
ultrasound machine consists of a transducer probe that transmits the high-frequency sound,
this sound travels freely till it strikes an obstacle. When the ultrasound strikes the obstacle, it
gets reflected back. The reflected signal is picked up by the same transducer probe and is sent
for processing to generate the output in image form. Ultrasound devices are neither completely
analogue nor completely digital.

34. 4. Monitoring Machine
Typically, a monitoring machine is able to evaluate body parameters such as heart rate,
breathing rate, blood pressure, SPO2, and body temperature. A number of sensors,
attached to the body are responsible for catching the analogue signal from the body. This
signal is then converted into digital data and is sent for further processing. The controller
processes this digital data and presents it in a form that is interpretable to the doctor.
5. Forensic
A lot of forensic related activities make use of hybrid computers. For instance, if a crime
investigator takes a sample of anything (like a powdered substance) from a crime scene
and gives it to a forensic scientist for its further analysis, the forensic scientist would use
mass spectrometry to detect the molecular mass of the element. The molecular mass tells
about the element and its possible isotopes. This technique is highly dependent on hybrid
computers to achieve accuracy.
6. Defence
The systems designed for defence-related activities are supposed to be both quick and
precise. This is the reason why hybrid computers are employed in applications such as the
control system for missiles, nuclear security systems, fighter plane simulation systems, etc.

35. Differ
ence
Analog Computers Digital Computers Hybrid computers
The analogue computer displays the
results in the signal or graphical
form.
The work shown by digital computers is in
the way of exact values or numbers on the
device screen.
Here, the output is displayed in the
form of values or numbers after
processing both the
required data.
Analog Computer works on a
continuous signal.
Digital Computer works on a discrete
signal.
It is a combination of both computers.
Analog machines are Slow in Speed. Digital computers are very fast at Speed.
It depends upon the situation and task
of the computer, however, it is
generally fast in speed.
Using Analog Computer is a bit
complex.
Using digital computers is generally
straightforward.
Uses of hybrid computers are bit
tricky. However, to run these
computers, it is necessary to have
complete knowledge of the software.

36. Analog Computers Digital Computers Hybrid computers
Analog computers range in size from
average small desktops the size of a
large book to tall equipment machines.
Digital computers range from tiny microcircuits
a few millimetres in size to server installations
the size of a room.
The size of hybrid computers varies
depends upon the situation from small to
large.
Analog Computer measures Analog
Quantities like the voltage, temperature,
etc.
Digital computers perform mathematical
functions, complex calculations, media
streaming, etc.
It works(processes) with the duo
combination of analogue and digital
computers at the same time to complete
the task.
These computers are mainly used in the
field of science.
Digital computers can be used in all aspects of
life.
Hybrid computers are used in specific
areas.
Energy meters, weight measuring
machine, 3 hands wrist watch and
old washing machine, etc
Digital cameras, modern
computers, Chromebook, digital watches,
scanners, etc.
hybrid computer examples are
thermometer and Auto Gasoline pump
installed in petrol pumps.

37. Than
k
You!