The document provides an outline for a course on computers that covers: - The history of computers, basic architecture, numbers systems, algorithms, programming languages, software engineering, operating systems, and social/legal issues. - Evaluation will include quizzes, assignments, class participation, projects, midterms and a final exam. - Learning objectives cover uses of computers in professions, parts of computer systems, types of hardware/software, and computers used for different jobs.

1. Chapter 1
The Amazing Computer
WOW!
1

2. Course Outline
History computer system, basic machine
organization, Von Neumann Numbers systems,
Binary numbers, Boolean logic, Architecture
Algorithm definition , design and implementation,
programming Paradigm and languages, Graphical
programming, Overview of software engineering
and information technology ,operating system,
compiler, computer network and internet, computer
graphics, All social and legal issues.
2

3. Evaluation Criteria
 10% Quizzes
 10% Assignments
 05% Class Participation
 15 % Project
 20 % Midterm
 40% Final Exams
3

4. Learning Objectives:
 List at least five professions in which computers are
routinely used, and describe at least one of the ways
computers have affected the work of people in those
professions.
 List the four parts of a computer system.
 Identify four kinds of computer hardware.
 List the two major categories of software and explain the
purpose of each.
 List the four most common types of computers available
today and describe what kind of job each does best.
4

5. Recommended Book
1.Peter Norton’s Introduction to Computers
5
Reference Book:
1. Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computer
& Communications, 11 th Edition. Williams, S. McGraw-Hills.
2. Microsoft Office 2007 step by online training solution Inc., Curits.
3. Computers, Communications & information: A user's
introduction, Sarah, E. Hutchinson. Stacey, C. Swayer.
4. Fundamentals of Information Technology, Alexis L Mathewsleon Leon
Press.
5. The Associated Press Guide to Internet Research and Reporting by
Frank Bass.

6. Computer - an electronic device
used to process data.
•Converts data into information
•Modern computers are digital
•Two digits combine to make data
(0, 1) abcde
6

7. Computer
 Older computers were analog
◦ A range of values made data
1A-7

8. Computer
 Older computers were analog
◦ A more manageable type -- the old-
fashioned slide rule
1A-8

9. Computers for Individual Use
 Computers can be shared by multiple
users but can be used by only one
person at a time
9

10. Computers for Individual Use
 Although PCs are used by individuals,
they also can be connected together
to create networks.
1A-10

11. Computers for Individual Use
 Desktop computers
◦ The most common type of computer
◦ Sits on the desk or floor
◦ Performs a variety of tasks
1A-11

12. Computers for Individual Use
 Workstations
◦ Specialized computers
◦ Optimized for science or graphics
◦ More powerful than a desktop
1A-12

13. Computers for Individual Use
 Notebook computers
◦ Small portable computers
◦ Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds
1A-13

14. Computers for Individual Use
 Notebook computers
◦ About 8 ½ by 11 inches
◦ Typically as powerful as a desktop
◦ Can include a docking station
1A-14

15. Computers for Individual Use
 Tablet computers
◦ Newest
development in
portable
computers
◦ Input is through
a pen
◦ Run specialized
versions of office
products
1A-
15

16. Computers for Individual Use
 Handheld computers, palm computer
◦ Very small computers
◦ Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
◦ Note taking or contact management
◦ Data can synchronize with a desktop
1A-16

17. Computers for Individual Use
 Smart phones
◦ Hybrid of
cell phone
and PDA
◦ Web surfing,
e-mail access
1A-17

18. Computers for Organizations
 Network servers
◦ Centralized computer
◦ All other computers connect
1A-18

19. Computers for Organizations
 Network servers
◦ Provides access to network resources
◦ Multiple servers are called server farms
◦ Often simply a powerful desktop: Google
1A-19

20. Computers for Organizations
 Network servers
◦ Flexibility to different kinds of tasks
1A-20
Computers for Organizations
Computers for Organizations

21. Computers for Organizations
 Network servers
◦ Users use the Internet as a means of
connecting even if away from the offices.
1A-21

22. Types of Computers:
 Supercomputer
 Mainframe
 Minicomputer
 Microcomputer
22
Mainframe computer

23. Supercomputer
Minicomputer
Microcomputer
23

24. Supercomputers
• The most powerful computers made
• Handle large and complex calculations
• Process trillions of operations per second
• Found in research organizations
24

25. Mainframes
•Used in large
organizations
•Handle thousands of users
•Users access through a
terminal
•Large and powerful
systems
25

26. Minicomputers
•Called midrange computers
•Power between mainframe and desktop
•Handle hundreds of users
•Used in smaller organizations
•Users access through a terminal
26

27. Microcomputers
• Those are cheaper and slower computers with significant
computing power.
• Such computers basically use Intel Chipsets.
• They are mostly single processor systems
27

28. Who Uses
Computers?
Military
Doctors
Educators
Engineers
Architects
Musicians
Filmmakers
Attorneys
Bankers
Architects
28

29. Computers in Society
 More impact than any other invention
◦ Changed work and leisure activities
◦ Used by all demographic groups
 Computers are important because:
◦ Provide information to users
◦ Information is critical to our society
◦ Managing information is difficult
1A-29

30. Computers in Society
 Impact of computers
◦ Like the Impact of automobile
1A-30

31. Computers in Society
 The benefits of using computers
◦ As varied as users
1A-31

32. Computers in Society
 Computers at home
◦ Many homes have multiple computers
◦ Most homes have Internet
◦ Computers are used for
 Communication
1A-32

33. Computers in Society
 Computers at home
◦ Computers are used for
 Business
 Entertainment
 Schoolwork
 Finances
1A-33

34. Computers in Society
 Computers in education
◦ Computer literacy required at all levels
1A-34

35. Computers in Society
 Computers in small business
◦ Makes businesses more profitable
◦ Allows owners to manage
1A-35

36. Computers in Society
 Computers in industry
◦ Computers are
used to design
products
◦ Assembly
lines are
automated
1A-36

37. Computers in Society
 Computers in government
◦ Necessary to track data for population
 Police officers
 Tax calculation and collection
◦ Governments were the first computer
users
1A-37

38. Computers in Society
 Computers in health care
◦ Revolutionized health care
◦ New treatments possible
◦ Scheduling of patients has improved
◦ Delivery of medicine is safer
1A-38

39. A medical team using “robodoc” to assist in surgery.
39

40. Musicians can use MIDI technology
to compose and edit their work.
40

41. Parts of the Computer
System
41

42. • Hardware - physical parts of the computer
• Software - instructions to the computer
• Data - raw facts the computer can manipulate
• People - also known as users
Computer System:
42

43. Computer Hardware - any part
of the computer you can touch.
• Processor
• Memory
• Input and Output Devices
• Storage Devices
43

44. Output
Some types of hardware devices.
Storage
Input
Processor
Input and
output
Memory
44

45. Software - electronic instructions to
the computer. Also referred to as a
“program.”
Two types:
• System Software
• Application Software
45

46. • Operating Systems
• Windows 95, 98, 2000, 2010
•Windows NT, NT Server, NT
•Workstation, Server 2000, 2003,
2008 etc
•Linux and Unix
•DOS
System Software:
46

47. Application Software:
• Word Processing
• Spreadsheets
• Graphics
• Databases
• Entertainment
• Educational
•
Communications
• Presentation
47

48. Application software and system software
work together to provide useful output.
48

49. Software brings a computer to life.
49

50. Data
Pieces of information
Computers organize and present data
50
Users
People operating the computer
Most important part
Tell the computer what to do

51. Information Processing Cycle
 Steps followed to process data
 Input
 Processing
 Output
 Storage

52. Review Questions
1. What is a computer?
2. Explain a few of the different ways in which
computers can be categorized.
3. List six types of computers that are
designed for use by a single person.
4. Describe the two common designs for
desktop computers.
5. How much do notebook computers typically
weigh?
6. List four types of computers that are
designed for use by organizations, and are
commonly used by multiple people at the
same time.

53. Review Questions
7. Why are mainframe systems usually
limited in the number of tasks they
perform?
8. What is the most popular use for
home computers?
9. How are computer technologies used
by the military?
10. How are computer technologies
being used to train surgeons?

54. Learning Objectives:
Chapter 1 Review
• List at least five professions in which computers are routinely
used, and describe at least one of the ways computers have
affected the work of people in those professions.
• List the four parts of a computer system.
• Identify four kinds of computer hardware.
• List the two major categories of software and explain the purpose
of each.
• List the four most common types of computers available today
and describe what kind of job each does best.
54