The gravity and magnetic data along the profile across the southern part of the Cauvery basin have been
collected and the data is interpreted for crustal structure depths.The first profile is taken from Karikudito
Embalecovering a distance of 50 km. The gravity lows and highs have clearly indicated various sub-basins and ridges.
The density logs from ONGC, Chennai, show that the density contrast decreases with depth in the sedimentary basin,
and hence, the gravity profiles are interpreted using variable density contrast with depth. From the Bouguer gravity
anomaly, the residual anomaly is constructed by graphical method correlating with well data and subsurface geology.
The residual anomaly profiles are interpreted using polygon and prismatic models. The maximum depths to the granitic
gneiss basement are obtained as 3.00 km. The regional anomaly is interpreted as Moho rise towards coast. The
aeromagnetic anomaly profiles are also interpreted for charnockite basement below the granitic gneiss group of rocks
using prismatic model.
This document summarizes a tomographic seismic velocity study of the shallow crust in the Eastern Marmara region of Turkey. Seismic refraction data was collected along a 120 km profile crossing active fault zones. Tomographic inversion of first-arrival travel times produced a 2D velocity model down to 7 km depth showing significant velocity heterogeneity. Areas of high and low seismic velocity correlate well with the locations of aftershocks from the 1999 Izmit earthquake, suggesting a relationship between crustal structure and seismicity along fault zones in the region.
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 324 collected bathymetry and magnetic data during transits between drill sites on Shatsky Rise and from Shatsky Rise to Townsville, Australia. Bathymetry data showed the seafloor features of Shatsky Rise volcanic massifs, seamounts, and abyssal plains with water depths ranging from 2700 to over 7000 meters. Magnetic data varied from -400 to 800 nanoteslas, showing anomalies associated with the volcanic structures as well as low-amplitude features in the Jurassic Quiet Zone between Shatsky Rise and the Hawaiian magnetic lineations. The ship's magnetic effect on the data was corrected using measurements from a calibration circle survey.
The presentation comprises the Gravity Method, It's anomaly, reduction, and its applications. The Gravity method is commonly used in Geology specifically in Geophysics.
Bouguer anomaly and free-air anomaly correlation signatures in parts of Benue...Premier Publishers
Topographic values in the study area range from 80m to 170m. The rock type comprises Basement Complex at the west bounded by River Niger, and sedimentary rock type in the east. Density measurements of various rocks were taken with the highest bulk density from the metamorphic schist (2.77gm/cm3), followed by igneous rock olivine gabbro (2.73gm/cm3), and sandstone (2.35gm/cm3). Results of gravity survey revealed a mean Bouguer anomaly of +12.15 mgals and a mean free air anomaly of +22.0 mgals. Interpretation of gravity measurements revealed the existence of a fracture at Gboloko NE-SW axis, a synclinal fold axis at about 5.5km west of Gboloko (between the Staurolite Schist and Cordierite-Tourmaline schist). The Basement-Sedimentary boundary is characterized by a drop in residual Bouguer anomaly from positive to negative at about 6km east of Gboloko. The thickness of the sediments is about 0.90km at the northern part of the Basement-Sedimentary boundary, and about 2.0km in the south, thus suggesting a progressive increase in sedimentary thickness at the western edge of the Benue trough. The Free-air anomaly ‘highs’ correspond to Bouguer anomaly ‘highs’ and tied to areas of high topography and bands of weathered, lateritized sediments. The Bouguer anomaly profiles exhibited reliable signature changes at the rock boundaries, thus a supportive tool for delineation of those border areas.
Deprem Verilerinin H/V Oranının Mevsimsel Değişimi Ali Osman Öncel
H/V oranının zaman içinde değişimi konusu bana oldukça ilginç gelmişti ve bu tür bir çalışma yapıldı mı sorusunu netleştirmek için araştırma yaptım ve 2021 yılında bu konuda GJI gibi bir dergide yayınlanmış bir çalışma buldum. Bu çalışma oldukça iyi bir referans H/V çalışmaları için. Önemli referans düşünceler şöyle; 1) Mevsimsel olarak yağışa bağlı olarak yeraltı kaynaklarında ki azalma ve yükselmeye bağlı olarak H/V yükseliyor, 2) H/V pik değerleri kaya zemin üzerinde yaklaşık BİR (1) oranında seyreder ve PİK vermezken, kaya zeminden uzaklaşıldıkça zemin etkisi ile PİK değerleri değişir, 3) Deprem ve Gürültü sinyallerinden hesap edilen F(PİK) nerede ise sabitken, H/V oranları %10 değişir, 4) M6.8 büyüklüğünde meydana gelen bir deprem H/V değişimlerini etkiler.
Yapılan çalışmada kullanılan yaklaşım SESAME (2004) kriterlerine uygun olarak 1) 60 dakikalık veriler analizi, 2) 1000 günden fazla gözlem süresi 3) 10'dan fazla farklı zeminlerde istasyon 4) 60 dakikalık birbirinden ayrı verilerin analiz edilmesi. Oldukça emek yoğun bir çalışma
MAGIA satellite. Experimental Astronomy (8 December 2010), pp. 1-20Stefano Coltellacci
The document describes the MAGIA satellite mission, which aims to study the Moon's internal structure, polar regions, and exosphere. The satellite will carry a suite of instruments including cameras, an altimeter, particle detectors, and accelerometers. It will be launched via Soyuz rocket into a lunar transfer orbit, then enter a polar mapping orbit for 6 months before transitioning to a gravity science orbit. Key challenges include meeting tight budget constraints while achieving ambitious science goals and accommodating multiple payloads and propulsion systems for orbital maneuvers.
This document summarizes a tomographic seismic velocity study of the shallow crust in the Eastern Marmara region of Turkey. Seismic refraction data was collected along a 120 km profile crossing active fault zones. Tomographic inversion of first-arrival travel times produced a 2D velocity model down to 7 km depth showing significant velocity heterogeneity. Areas of high and low seismic velocity correlate well with the locations of aftershocks from the 1999 Izmit earthquake, suggesting a relationship between crustal structure and seismicity along fault zones in the region.
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 324 collected bathymetry and magnetic data during transits between drill sites on Shatsky Rise and from Shatsky Rise to Townsville, Australia. Bathymetry data showed the seafloor features of Shatsky Rise volcanic massifs, seamounts, and abyssal plains with water depths ranging from 2700 to over 7000 meters. Magnetic data varied from -400 to 800 nanoteslas, showing anomalies associated with the volcanic structures as well as low-amplitude features in the Jurassic Quiet Zone between Shatsky Rise and the Hawaiian magnetic lineations. The ship's magnetic effect on the data was corrected using measurements from a calibration circle survey.
The presentation comprises the Gravity Method, It's anomaly, reduction, and its applications. The Gravity method is commonly used in Geology specifically in Geophysics.
Bouguer anomaly and free-air anomaly correlation signatures in parts of Benue...Premier Publishers
Topographic values in the study area range from 80m to 170m. The rock type comprises Basement Complex at the west bounded by River Niger, and sedimentary rock type in the east. Density measurements of various rocks were taken with the highest bulk density from the metamorphic schist (2.77gm/cm3), followed by igneous rock olivine gabbro (2.73gm/cm3), and sandstone (2.35gm/cm3). Results of gravity survey revealed a mean Bouguer anomaly of +12.15 mgals and a mean free air anomaly of +22.0 mgals. Interpretation of gravity measurements revealed the existence of a fracture at Gboloko NE-SW axis, a synclinal fold axis at about 5.5km west of Gboloko (between the Staurolite Schist and Cordierite-Tourmaline schist). The Basement-Sedimentary boundary is characterized by a drop in residual Bouguer anomaly from positive to negative at about 6km east of Gboloko. The thickness of the sediments is about 0.90km at the northern part of the Basement-Sedimentary boundary, and about 2.0km in the south, thus suggesting a progressive increase in sedimentary thickness at the western edge of the Benue trough. The Free-air anomaly ‘highs’ correspond to Bouguer anomaly ‘highs’ and tied to areas of high topography and bands of weathered, lateritized sediments. The Bouguer anomaly profiles exhibited reliable signature changes at the rock boundaries, thus a supportive tool for delineation of those border areas.
Deprem Verilerinin H/V Oranının Mevsimsel Değişimi Ali Osman Öncel
H/V oranının zaman içinde değişimi konusu bana oldukça ilginç gelmişti ve bu tür bir çalışma yapıldı mı sorusunu netleştirmek için araştırma yaptım ve 2021 yılında bu konuda GJI gibi bir dergide yayınlanmış bir çalışma buldum. Bu çalışma oldukça iyi bir referans H/V çalışmaları için. Önemli referans düşünceler şöyle; 1) Mevsimsel olarak yağışa bağlı olarak yeraltı kaynaklarında ki azalma ve yükselmeye bağlı olarak H/V yükseliyor, 2) H/V pik değerleri kaya zemin üzerinde yaklaşık BİR (1) oranında seyreder ve PİK vermezken, kaya zeminden uzaklaşıldıkça zemin etkisi ile PİK değerleri değişir, 3) Deprem ve Gürültü sinyallerinden hesap edilen F(PİK) nerede ise sabitken, H/V oranları %10 değişir, 4) M6.8 büyüklüğünde meydana gelen bir deprem H/V değişimlerini etkiler.
Yapılan çalışmada kullanılan yaklaşım SESAME (2004) kriterlerine uygun olarak 1) 60 dakikalık veriler analizi, 2) 1000 günden fazla gözlem süresi 3) 10'dan fazla farklı zeminlerde istasyon 4) 60 dakikalık birbirinden ayrı verilerin analiz edilmesi. Oldukça emek yoğun bir çalışma
MAGIA satellite. Experimental Astronomy (8 December 2010), pp. 1-20Stefano Coltellacci
The document describes the MAGIA satellite mission, which aims to study the Moon's internal structure, polar regions, and exosphere. The satellite will carry a suite of instruments including cameras, an altimeter, particle detectors, and accelerometers. It will be launched via Soyuz rocket into a lunar transfer orbit, then enter a polar mapping orbit for 6 months before transitioning to a gravity science orbit. Key challenges include meeting tight budget constraints while achieving ambitious science goals and accommodating multiple payloads and propulsion systems for orbital maneuvers.
Archaeological and groundwater investigationsZaidoon Taha
This document discusses the use of seismic methods for archaeological and groundwater investigations. It provides examples of how seismic reflection and refraction surveys can be used to map subsurface structures and locate buried archaeological remains or water sources. Specifically, it describes 3D seismic acquisition techniques that provide ultra-high resolution for shallow investigations. Case studies demonstrate how seismic imaging can detect a buried shipwreck and Roman dyke. The document also discusses applications of seismic methods for groundwater exploration, such as locating aquifers and fractured zones.
Earth–mars transfers with ballistic escape and low thrust captureFrancisco Carvalho
This paper presents novel low-energy transfers between Earth and Mars that exploit natural dynamics and low-thrust propulsion. Ballistic escape orbits are designed using the Moon-perturbed Sun-Earth system, while low-thrust capture orbits are designed in the Sun-Mars system. The ballistic escape and low-thrust capture trajectories are matched and optimized in the full n-body problem to find efficient transfers between Earth and Mars orbits.
This document describes fine structure interpretation of 3D seismic data from the Huangjindai Oil Field in China. It discusses horizon calibration between well logs and seismic data, analysis of reflection characteristics from different geological interfaces, fault identification and combination, and time-depth conversion to establish a 3D velocity model. Through detailed interpretation of the 3D seismic data, three key faults were identified in the oil field: the Jiazhangsi fault, Erjiegou boundary fault, and Huangdong main fault.
Geophysical prospecting uses physical methods to study the structure of the Earth's crust and locate minerals and ores. It involves collecting data using geophysical methods like seismic, gravitational, magnetic, electrical, and electromagnetic surveys. Seismic methods are commonly used in exploration. They involve generating seismic waves using sources like sledgehammers and analyzing the reflected and refracted waves detected by receivers to characterize subsurface layers and locate resources based on their elastic properties. Proper data acquisition, processing to reduce noise, and geological interpretation of processed seismic data are required to build an accurate model of the subsurface.
- Researchers in China noticed significant gravity changes in a region covering the south-north earthquake belt before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Mw 7.9). In 2006, they suggested a major earthquake could occur near Wenchuan in 2007-2008 based on these gravity variations.
- Repeated regional gravity surveys were conducted in 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2005 using absolute and relative gravity measurements. Gravity variations at some locations near Wenchuan were significant but more research is needed to determine if they could be considered precursors.
- Limitations in the data include measurement errors, effects of hydrology and crustal movements on gravity readings, coarse station density, and long time intervals between surveys. Improved
The gravity method involves measuring variations in the Earth's gravitational field to determine subsurface density variations. Gravity surveys measure differences in gravitational attraction at surface locations. After collecting data at regular intervals, corrections are applied for drift, elevation, tides and topography. The corrected anomalies are analyzed to infer subsurface geology, locating structures like faults, voids or buried valleys. Common applications include engineering, environmental and geothermal studies.
The document summarizes a study on designing optimal transfer trajectories between Earth and the Moon using a combination of impulsive and continuous thrust. It formulates the trajectory optimization problem using the planar circular restricted three-body problem considering the gravitational attractions of Earth and Moon. The continuous and dynamic optimization is reformulated as a discrete problem using direct transcription and collocation methods, then solved using nonlinear programming. The results show different trajectory types can be obtained by varying design parameters, and all trajectories allow for ballistic lunar orbit capture without thrusting.
M6.0 2004 Parkfield Earthquake : Seismic AttenuationAli Osman Öncel
HRSN isimli kuyu içi sismik istasyonlar kullanılarak, San Andreas fayı boyunca meydana gelen büyük depremler öncesi sismik azalımın varlığının olup olmadığı araştırılıyor.
Marmara ve İstanbul için ayrı ayrı 2 senaryo yapılmış. Coulomb Stress etkisi önemli ölçüde deprem olasılığını yükseltiyor. Özellikle, KAFZ boyunca meydana gelen depremlerin yüzey kırıklarının Dünya'da ki benzer büyük depremlerin yüzey kırıklarından oldukça farklı ve büyük.
Gravity and magnetic methods are an essential part of oil exploration. They do not replace seismic. Rather, they add to it. Despite being comparatively low-resolution, they have some very big advantages.
These geophysical methods passively measure natural variations in the earth’s gravity and magnetic fields over a map area and then try to relate these variations to geologic features in the subsurface. Lacking a controlled source, such surveys are usually environmentally unobjectionable.
The document discusses different geophysical methods used for subsurface exploration, including gravity, magnetic, electrical resistivity, and seismic methods. It focuses on explaining the gravity and magnetic methods. Gravity surveys measure differences in the gravitational field to detect variations in subsurface density distributions. Magnetic surveys map variations in the magnetic field caused by changes in magnetic susceptibility or structure of near-surface rocks. Both methods are used to locate features like hydrocarbon deposits, ore bodies, cavities, and buried structures or utilities.
Geophysical surveys use physical methods at the Earth's surface to measure subsurface physical properties and anomalies. Types of geophysical surveys include gravity, magnetic, electrical, seismic, radiometric, and geothermal methods. The gravity method measures minute variations in gravity caused by differences in subsurface density and distance from the Earth's center. Gravity surveys can be aerial or land-based, using a highly sensitive gravimeter. Processed gravity data is plotted on maps showing variations indicating subsurface densities, and is used for hydrocarbon exploration, mineral deposits, cavity detection, and other applications.
Geophysical Methods of Hydrocarbon ExplorationM.T.H Group
This document provides an overview of geophysical methods used for hydrocarbon exploration, specifically focusing on seismic surveying. It describes how seismic surveying works, including generating sound waves at shot points and measuring the travel time of reflections to determine subsurface rock densities and structures. Gravity and magnetic methods are also discussed briefly as tools used in the pre-drilling phase to locate salt domes and reefs, while seismic surveying is described as the most widely used method and applicable to both exploration and development phases.
1980 öncesi deprem istasyon sayısı Türkiye'de herhalde 50'den azdı ve bu nedenle deprem istatistiği çalışmaları Türkiye boyunca çok büyük alanlara bölünerek yapılmış. Okla gösterdiğim yerlerde magnitüd aralığı çok yetersiz. Bu çalışmada, 4x4 şeklinde dilimleme yapılmış. 400kmx400 km olarak dilimlere ayrılarak yapılmış. Veri olmadığı zaman mecbur ALANI büyütmek zorunda kalıyorsunuz... bu nedenle Makro-İstatistik İnceleme yapılmış oluyor.a/b oranını çalışmalarımda hiç kullanmadım fakat bana kalırsa yararlı bir parametre olarak görünüyor. Bir yıl içinde olması beklenen en büyük deprem büyüklüğünü veriyor. Buna göre bu çalışmada, bir yıl içinde beklenen en büyük deprem M=5 bulunmuş ve alan 39 E ve 41 B arasında bir yere denk geliyor... muhtemelen Karlıova Üçlü Bileşimi çevresi olabilir.
This document summarizes a study that used gravity data to delineate underground structure in the Beppu geothermal field in Japan. Analysis of Bouguer anomaly maps revealed high anomalies in the southern and northern parts of the study area that correspond to known geological formations. Edge detection filtering of the gravity data helped identify subsurface faults, including the northern edge of the high southern anomaly corresponding to the Asamigawa Fault. Depth modeling of the gravity basement showed differences between the southern and northern hot spring areas, with steep basement slopes along faults in the south and uplifted basement in the north.
The document discusses geophysical methods for soil investigations, specifically focusing on the seismic refraction method. It provides an overview of how seismic refraction works, noting that shock waves have different velocities in different materials. When the waves pass from one material to another, they get partly reflected and partly refracted. By measuring the arrival times of the refracted waves at geophones placed on the surface, it is possible to determine the depth and velocity of subsurface layers. The document also provides a diagram illustrating seismic refraction and a table of approximate velocity ranges for different rock and soil types. It notes some limitations of the seismic method.
Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrolusite, β- MnO2, Nano Crystal wi...Editor IJCATR
MnO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by a simple combustion method using MnSO4.4H2O. The crystalline phase,
morphology, optical property and magnetic property of the as prepared nanoparticle were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, FTRaman,
SEM, UV-Vis, PL and VSM respectively. Structural studies by XRD indicate that the synthesized material as tetragonal rutile
crystal structure. FT-IR and FT-Raman analysis revealed the stretching vibrations of metal ions in tetrahedral co-ordination confirming
the crystal structure. The PL and UV analysis having an emission band at 390 nm, showed a prominent blue peak at 453 nm as well as
a green emission lines at 553 nm with band gap energy of 3.2eV. Magnetic measurements indicate that the Néel temperature of the β-
MnO2 structures is 92.5K for Hc = 100 Oe which showed antiferromagnetic behaviour
Nearly half of the world's population currently lives in cities, and that proportion is projected to rise to 75% by 2050. Some of the major challenges facing cities in the future include growing income inequality, lack of resources, infrastructure decay, and environmental issues. The document outlines various strategies that could help address these challenges, such as developing smarter transportation, energy, education and government systems that are more integrated and efficient. It emphasizes that the future depends on how we address current issues.
El documento habla sobre la productividad y cómo medirla. Explica que medir la productividad no es fácil, especialmente en el sector de servicios donde depende de cada cliente. También discute formas de mejorar la productividad como inversiones y cultura organizacional. Finalmente, reconoce que medir la productividad de los servicios es complicado debido a que depende de lo satisfecho que esté cada cliente.
Archaeological and groundwater investigationsZaidoon Taha
This document discusses the use of seismic methods for archaeological and groundwater investigations. It provides examples of how seismic reflection and refraction surveys can be used to map subsurface structures and locate buried archaeological remains or water sources. Specifically, it describes 3D seismic acquisition techniques that provide ultra-high resolution for shallow investigations. Case studies demonstrate how seismic imaging can detect a buried shipwreck and Roman dyke. The document also discusses applications of seismic methods for groundwater exploration, such as locating aquifers and fractured zones.
Earth–mars transfers with ballistic escape and low thrust captureFrancisco Carvalho
This paper presents novel low-energy transfers between Earth and Mars that exploit natural dynamics and low-thrust propulsion. Ballistic escape orbits are designed using the Moon-perturbed Sun-Earth system, while low-thrust capture orbits are designed in the Sun-Mars system. The ballistic escape and low-thrust capture trajectories are matched and optimized in the full n-body problem to find efficient transfers between Earth and Mars orbits.
This document describes fine structure interpretation of 3D seismic data from the Huangjindai Oil Field in China. It discusses horizon calibration between well logs and seismic data, analysis of reflection characteristics from different geological interfaces, fault identification and combination, and time-depth conversion to establish a 3D velocity model. Through detailed interpretation of the 3D seismic data, three key faults were identified in the oil field: the Jiazhangsi fault, Erjiegou boundary fault, and Huangdong main fault.
Geophysical prospecting uses physical methods to study the structure of the Earth's crust and locate minerals and ores. It involves collecting data using geophysical methods like seismic, gravitational, magnetic, electrical, and electromagnetic surveys. Seismic methods are commonly used in exploration. They involve generating seismic waves using sources like sledgehammers and analyzing the reflected and refracted waves detected by receivers to characterize subsurface layers and locate resources based on their elastic properties. Proper data acquisition, processing to reduce noise, and geological interpretation of processed seismic data are required to build an accurate model of the subsurface.
- Researchers in China noticed significant gravity changes in a region covering the south-north earthquake belt before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Mw 7.9). In 2006, they suggested a major earthquake could occur near Wenchuan in 2007-2008 based on these gravity variations.
- Repeated regional gravity surveys were conducted in 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2005 using absolute and relative gravity measurements. Gravity variations at some locations near Wenchuan were significant but more research is needed to determine if they could be considered precursors.
- Limitations in the data include measurement errors, effects of hydrology and crustal movements on gravity readings, coarse station density, and long time intervals between surveys. Improved
The gravity method involves measuring variations in the Earth's gravitational field to determine subsurface density variations. Gravity surveys measure differences in gravitational attraction at surface locations. After collecting data at regular intervals, corrections are applied for drift, elevation, tides and topography. The corrected anomalies are analyzed to infer subsurface geology, locating structures like faults, voids or buried valleys. Common applications include engineering, environmental and geothermal studies.
The document summarizes a study on designing optimal transfer trajectories between Earth and the Moon using a combination of impulsive and continuous thrust. It formulates the trajectory optimization problem using the planar circular restricted three-body problem considering the gravitational attractions of Earth and Moon. The continuous and dynamic optimization is reformulated as a discrete problem using direct transcription and collocation methods, then solved using nonlinear programming. The results show different trajectory types can be obtained by varying design parameters, and all trajectories allow for ballistic lunar orbit capture without thrusting.
M6.0 2004 Parkfield Earthquake : Seismic AttenuationAli Osman Öncel
HRSN isimli kuyu içi sismik istasyonlar kullanılarak, San Andreas fayı boyunca meydana gelen büyük depremler öncesi sismik azalımın varlığının olup olmadığı araştırılıyor.
Marmara ve İstanbul için ayrı ayrı 2 senaryo yapılmış. Coulomb Stress etkisi önemli ölçüde deprem olasılığını yükseltiyor. Özellikle, KAFZ boyunca meydana gelen depremlerin yüzey kırıklarının Dünya'da ki benzer büyük depremlerin yüzey kırıklarından oldukça farklı ve büyük.
Gravity and magnetic methods are an essential part of oil exploration. They do not replace seismic. Rather, they add to it. Despite being comparatively low-resolution, they have some very big advantages.
These geophysical methods passively measure natural variations in the earth’s gravity and magnetic fields over a map area and then try to relate these variations to geologic features in the subsurface. Lacking a controlled source, such surveys are usually environmentally unobjectionable.
The document discusses different geophysical methods used for subsurface exploration, including gravity, magnetic, electrical resistivity, and seismic methods. It focuses on explaining the gravity and magnetic methods. Gravity surveys measure differences in the gravitational field to detect variations in subsurface density distributions. Magnetic surveys map variations in the magnetic field caused by changes in magnetic susceptibility or structure of near-surface rocks. Both methods are used to locate features like hydrocarbon deposits, ore bodies, cavities, and buried structures or utilities.
Geophysical surveys use physical methods at the Earth's surface to measure subsurface physical properties and anomalies. Types of geophysical surveys include gravity, magnetic, electrical, seismic, radiometric, and geothermal methods. The gravity method measures minute variations in gravity caused by differences in subsurface density and distance from the Earth's center. Gravity surveys can be aerial or land-based, using a highly sensitive gravimeter. Processed gravity data is plotted on maps showing variations indicating subsurface densities, and is used for hydrocarbon exploration, mineral deposits, cavity detection, and other applications.
Geophysical Methods of Hydrocarbon ExplorationM.T.H Group
This document provides an overview of geophysical methods used for hydrocarbon exploration, specifically focusing on seismic surveying. It describes how seismic surveying works, including generating sound waves at shot points and measuring the travel time of reflections to determine subsurface rock densities and structures. Gravity and magnetic methods are also discussed briefly as tools used in the pre-drilling phase to locate salt domes and reefs, while seismic surveying is described as the most widely used method and applicable to both exploration and development phases.
1980 öncesi deprem istasyon sayısı Türkiye'de herhalde 50'den azdı ve bu nedenle deprem istatistiği çalışmaları Türkiye boyunca çok büyük alanlara bölünerek yapılmış. Okla gösterdiğim yerlerde magnitüd aralığı çok yetersiz. Bu çalışmada, 4x4 şeklinde dilimleme yapılmış. 400kmx400 km olarak dilimlere ayrılarak yapılmış. Veri olmadığı zaman mecbur ALANI büyütmek zorunda kalıyorsunuz... bu nedenle Makro-İstatistik İnceleme yapılmış oluyor.a/b oranını çalışmalarımda hiç kullanmadım fakat bana kalırsa yararlı bir parametre olarak görünüyor. Bir yıl içinde olması beklenen en büyük deprem büyüklüğünü veriyor. Buna göre bu çalışmada, bir yıl içinde beklenen en büyük deprem M=5 bulunmuş ve alan 39 E ve 41 B arasında bir yere denk geliyor... muhtemelen Karlıova Üçlü Bileşimi çevresi olabilir.
This document summarizes a study that used gravity data to delineate underground structure in the Beppu geothermal field in Japan. Analysis of Bouguer anomaly maps revealed high anomalies in the southern and northern parts of the study area that correspond to known geological formations. Edge detection filtering of the gravity data helped identify subsurface faults, including the northern edge of the high southern anomaly corresponding to the Asamigawa Fault. Depth modeling of the gravity basement showed differences between the southern and northern hot spring areas, with steep basement slopes along faults in the south and uplifted basement in the north.
The document discusses geophysical methods for soil investigations, specifically focusing on the seismic refraction method. It provides an overview of how seismic refraction works, noting that shock waves have different velocities in different materials. When the waves pass from one material to another, they get partly reflected and partly refracted. By measuring the arrival times of the refracted waves at geophones placed on the surface, it is possible to determine the depth and velocity of subsurface layers. The document also provides a diagram illustrating seismic refraction and a table of approximate velocity ranges for different rock and soil types. It notes some limitations of the seismic method.
Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrolusite, β- MnO2, Nano Crystal wi...Editor IJCATR
MnO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by a simple combustion method using MnSO4.4H2O. The crystalline phase,
morphology, optical property and magnetic property of the as prepared nanoparticle were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, FTRaman,
SEM, UV-Vis, PL and VSM respectively. Structural studies by XRD indicate that the synthesized material as tetragonal rutile
crystal structure. FT-IR and FT-Raman analysis revealed the stretching vibrations of metal ions in tetrahedral co-ordination confirming
the crystal structure. The PL and UV analysis having an emission band at 390 nm, showed a prominent blue peak at 453 nm as well as
a green emission lines at 553 nm with band gap energy of 3.2eV. Magnetic measurements indicate that the Néel temperature of the β-
MnO2 structures is 92.5K for Hc = 100 Oe which showed antiferromagnetic behaviour
Nearly half of the world's population currently lives in cities, and that proportion is projected to rise to 75% by 2050. Some of the major challenges facing cities in the future include growing income inequality, lack of resources, infrastructure decay, and environmental issues. The document outlines various strategies that could help address these challenges, such as developing smarter transportation, energy, education and government systems that are more integrated and efficient. It emphasizes that the future depends on how we address current issues.
El documento habla sobre la productividad y cómo medirla. Explica que medir la productividad no es fácil, especialmente en el sector de servicios donde depende de cada cliente. También discute formas de mejorar la productividad como inversiones y cultura organizacional. Finalmente, reconoce que medir la productividad de los servicios es complicado debido a que depende de lo satisfecho que esté cada cliente.
George eldon ladd teologia do novo testamento.(pg 1 à 211)dyguo
O documento discute a importância da educação para o desenvolvimento econômico e social de um país. Ele argumenta que investimentos em educação melhoram a produtividade e a competitividade da força de trabalho, levando a maiores taxas de crescimento econômico a longo prazo.
1. Frederick Winslow Taylor fue un ingeniero estadounidense pionero en el estudio científico de la administración. 2. Desarrolló principios como la selección científica de trabajadores, establecimiento de cuotas de producción e incentivos salariales. 3. Sus aportes revolucionaron la administración pero también recibieron críticas por considerar que deshumanizaban el trabajo.
The study uses seismic tomography to image P- and S-wave velocity perturbations in the crust and upper mantle beneath Iran. Arrival times from over 2800 earthquakes recorded at over 2000 stations were used to perform inverse tomography. The results show that the crust and upper mantle beneath the Iranian Plateau has lower velocities than the surrounding Arabian and Caspian plates. The anomalies provide evidence of subduction of the Oman Sea crust beneath southeast Iran, though the subduction pattern is more complex along the Zagros suture zone.
A geophysical insight of earthquake occurred on 21 st may 2014 off paradip, b...eSAT Publishing House
1) A 6.0 magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of Paradip, Odisha in the Bay of Bengal on May 21, 2014 at a depth of around 40 km.
2) Analysis of magnetic and bathymetric data from the area revealed the presence of major lineaments in NW-SE and NE-SW directions that may be responsible for seismic activity through stress release.
3) Movements along growth faults at the margins of large Bengal channels, due to large sediment loads, could also contribute to seismic events by triggering movements along the faults.
This document summarizes a presentation on analyzing the crustal structure of the Kachchh basin in India using EGM 2008 gravity data. It was presented by Nawneet Kumar from IIT-ISM Dhanbad under the supervision of Dr. Saumen Maiti and with Geophysicist Avinash K. Chouhan. The objectives were to identify lineaments and crustal structure in the study area. EGM 2008 data was used to generate Bouguer anomaly and horizontal gradient maps. 2D gravity modeling along a cross section found average sedimentary thickness of 3-3.5 km, shallow Moho depth of 38-42 km, and a high density mafic intrusive body explaining high anomalies
IODP uses SyQwest's Bathy 2010 3.5 khz Chirp Profiler to conduct geo physical...SyQwest Inc.
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 324 had long transits from Yokohama, Japan, to Shatsky Rise; between the five sites; and from Shatsky Rise to Townsville, Australia. In all, transits took approximately one-third of the entire time allotted for the expedition. Underway geophysical data were collected in international
waters during transit and between drill sites. Bathymetry and magnetic data were collected using a 3.5 kHz CHIRP/echosounder and marine magnetometer, respectively (Fig. F1). A gyrocompass and a Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation system were used for positioning the bathymetric and magnetic data.
This document summarizes a geological and geotechnical engineering survey conducted at the Prabasi Palli area in Bangladesh to assess the feasibility of the site for building construction. 13 boreholes up to 20m depth and 2 up to 30m were drilled and tested. Four major soil layers were identified based on soil samples and Standard Penetration Test N-values. The site lies within the Dhaka-Gazipur terrace formed of Madhupur Clay Residuum. Based on the investigation, the authors recommended a foundation soil layer for the site while keeping foundation design out of scope.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Integration of Aeromagntic Data and Landsat Imagery for structural Analysis f...iosrjce
In this study, different digital format data sources including aeromagnetic and remotely sensed
(Landsat 8 and ASTER) images were used for structural and tectonic interpretation of the Mahabubnager
and Gulbarga districts of Telangana and Karnataka states in the Eastern Dharwarcraton. From analysis of
Landsat and ASTER images, the surface morphology and major lineaments trending in the NW–SE, E-W and
NE-SW were identified. Qualitative analysis of IGRF corrected aeromagnetic data were carried out using the
analytical signal, reduction to pole, horizontal & vertical gradient maps, several lineaments trending in three
major directions NE-SW, NW-SE and E-W were delineated. The structural features inferred from image
analysis were corroborated, the zones of intersection of these structural trends which could have acted as
potential sites for kimberlites emplacement were accordingly delineated at 21 locations. Subsequently,
quantitative analysis of magnetic inversion at 21 profiles are carried out utilizing GM-SYS and Geosoft
software, brought out the subsurface configuration of kimberlites. The inferred magnetic models are exhibiting
V-shaped / Oval type structure. Depth of the inferred structures has been revealed by the Euler deconvolution
methods suggest depth varies from 536 to 1640 mts
Applied geophysics - 3D survey of the Lesser Antilles subduction zone present...Riccardo Pagotto
The document summarizes research on the structure of the Lesser Antilles subduction zone based on 3D seismic refraction tomography data. Key findings include:
1) The subduction zone can be divided into a rigid inner forearc block and a more deformable outer forearc/accretionary wedge.
2) The inner forearc basement is uplifted around 4km relative to the outer forearc basement, likely due to subduction of the 2km high Tiburon Ridge.
3) Seismicity is concentrated beneath the rigid inner forearc block, with earthquakes located between 20-45km depth and also at around 160km depth delineating the subducting slab.
4) The
2D MASW ANALYSIS FOR GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERINGAli Osman Öncel
This document describes a study that used seismic refraction and multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) to investigate near-surface shear wave velocities at a site in Egypt. Seismic refraction was used to determine P-wave velocities down to depths of 30 m. MASW was used to determine 1D and 2D shear wave velocity profiles by analyzing Rayleigh surface wave dispersion. Shear wave velocities obtained from MASW were used to evaluate site response and classify the site according to standard site classifications. The study area consists of Quaternary deposits overlying Tertiary sedimentary rocks. P-wave and MASW surveys were conducted along multiple profiles using geophones and a seismograph to
Subsurface densities and lithospheric flexure of the Himalayan foreland in Pa...Ali Ahmad Saddat
The document summarizes a study of gravity data and lithospheric flexure modeling in the Himalayan foreland of Pakistan. Key findings include:
(1) Gravity modeling shows variations in subsurface densities that can be explained by flexural bending of the Indian tectonic plate under mountain and sediment loads.
(2) Flexural modeling indicates the Indian plate has a relatively small flexural rigidity, implying an elastic thickness of approximately 30 km confined to the crystalline crust.
(3) Features like the Sargodha high and basement faults can be explained by the stress field associated with ongoing flexure of the Indian plate since the India-Asia collision.
This document summarizes a study that performed broadband frequency simulations of strong ground motion in the Sea of Marmara region of Turkey based on fault rupture scenarios. Three earthquake scenarios were modeled involving rupture of the Central Marmara Fault and North Boundary Fault, which pose the largest hazard to Istanbul. A hybrid technique was used that combines deterministic and semi-stochastic methods. The location of the hypocenter was found to be a critical parameter for predicting ground motions in Istanbul. Anelasticity was also found to significantly affect regional attenuation of peak ground accelerations. The simulated ground motions resulted in large acceleration response spectra at long periods that could be critical for building damage in Istanbul during an actual earthquake.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Radial Derivative and Radial Inversion for Interpreting 4D Gravity Anomaly Du...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The 4D gravity or time lapse gravity has been used many reseracher to identify fluid injection in oil reservoir. The objective of this study is to find the better way in interpreting 4D gravity anomaly due to fluid injection around the reservoir. Radial Derivatives are derivative values of gravity anomalies against horizontal distances in the radial direction. Radial inversion is a two-dimensional inversion of lines with radial directions resulting in a 3-dimension model. Time lapse microgravity research have been performed in “X Oil Field” with amount of 604 data point covering area of 4000 m x 5000 m. This Radial derivative and Radial inversion have been aplied at an injection well of the X oil field. The yield show that 4D gravity anomaly value due to injection is 0.02 mGal to 0.36 mGal. Radial derivative value in the area is 0 micro Gal/cm to 0,012 mGal/meter. Radial inversion shows radius of fluid front movement is 304 meters to 1120 meters. Radial derivative and Radial inversion have been proven fairly good to identify injected fluid movement in the reservoir.
Hydrogeological Application of Refraction Seismicsiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
Structural interpretation of abakiliki – ugep, usingAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that used aeromagnetic and Landsat Thematic Mapper data to interpret the structures in the Abakaliki–Ugep area of Nigeria. 2-D spectral analysis of the aeromagnetic data revealed two depth models: shallower magnetic sources ranging from 0.035km to 1.285km deep, and deeper sources from 1.585km to 4.136km deep. Regional magnetic fields showed NE-SW structural trends while residual fields emphasized NW-SE trends. Lineaments identified from Landsat data also showed dominant NE-SW and NW-SE trends. The average estimated sedimentary thickness of 3.096km may favor hydrocarbon generation in the study area.
Deprem Tehlike Potansiyeli Araştırması: Antakya ÖrneğiAli Osman Öncel
This document provides an erratum to correct the third author's name in a previous publication assessing potential seismic hazard and site effects in Antakya, Turkey. It notes that the original publication incorrectly listed the third author's name as "Ozcan Bekta" when it should have been "Ozcan Bektas". It provides the correct citation information for the original article.
Optimisation of Parameters in Seismic data acquisition for better subsurface ...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Well-designed and optimised seismic data acquisition geometry illuminates the subsurface. While designing the geometry we have to think about the available resources for data acquisition and also implementation difficulties in the working area and most importantly technical requirements of Interpreter should be strictly considered. The main objective of a better survey design is to image subsurface structures. Generally, the data acquisition parameters are selected and designed by considering simplified subsurface model. In this work the real subsurface model of the area is constructed in the laboratory with the help of a new state of art software NORSAR and the data was artificially acquired. Several acquisition geometries were used for acquiring data in laboratory conditions and a final geometry is selected with optimised parameters resulted in the proper illumination of subsurface structures up to the basement. The illumination maps generated in laboratory play key role for finalising acquisition parameters and results are well matching with the real results after seismic data processing.
Engineering geophysical study of unconsolidated top soil using shallow seismi...Alexander Decker
1) An integrated geophysical study using seismic refraction and electrical resistivity techniques was conducted to image the shallow subsurface at the University of Peshawar, Pakistan.
2) Analysis of seismic refraction data along profile AB revealed a two-layer subsurface structure, with a top layer of loose soil 0-4 meters thick having P-wave velocities of 223m/sec underlain by a layer with a velocity of 316 m/sec.
3) Electrical resistivity surveys along two profiles validated the two-layer model, detecting a top soil layer 1.1-1.3 meters thick with resistivities of 38-52 ohm-meters underlain by a more conductive clay-rich layer with resist
The document provides a summary of a seismic hazard study for the Peshawar Bus Rapid Transit Corridor Project. It analyzes the regional tectonic setting and identifies major active faults in the project area, including the Main Karakoram Thrust, Kohistan Faults, and Main Mantle Thrust. A probabilistic seismic hazard analysis is conducted considering seven seismic source zones. The analysis finds a peak ground acceleration of 0.23g for a 475-year return period, consistent with the project area being in Seismic Zone 2B according to the Building Code of Pakistan.
2 d seismic refraction tomography investigation of a sewage treatment siteAlexander Decker
This study used seismic refraction tomography to investigate subsurface layers at a sewage treatment site in Nigeria. Five seismic profiles were collected and analyzed. The results show three layers: an upper undifferentiated overburden layer with velocities from 891-1421 m/s and thicknesses ranging from 18m in the north to 55m in the south; a partially weathered middle layer with velocities from 3010-5129 m/s; and a fresh granite basement layer below with velocities from 5704-7762 m/s. One profile revealed a fracture zone in the basement at 60m depth that could allow sewage to contaminate groundwater if the lagoons are not lined. The study characterized the subsurface
Similar to Crustal Structure from Gravity and Magnetic Anomalies in the Southern Part of the Cauvery Basin, India (20)
Text Mining in Digital Libraries using OKAPI BM25 ModelEditor IJCATR
The emergence of the internet has made vast amounts of information available and easily accessible online. As a result, most libraries have digitized their content in order to remain relevant to their users and to keep pace with the advancement of the internet. However, these digital libraries have been criticized for using inefficient information retrieval models that do not perform relevance ranking to the retrieved results. This paper proposed the use of OKAPI BM25 model in text mining so as means of improving relevance ranking of digital libraries. Okapi BM25 model was selected because it is a probability-based relevance ranking algorithm. A case study research was conducted and the model design was based on information retrieval processes. The performance of Boolean, vector space, and Okapi BM25 models was compared for data retrieval. Relevant ranked documents were retrieved and displayed at the OPAC framework search page. The results revealed that Okapi BM 25 outperformed Boolean model and Vector Space model. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of Okapi BM25 model to reward terms according to their relative frequencies in a document so as to improve the performance of text mining in digital libraries.
Green Computing, eco trends, climate change, e-waste and eco-friendlyEditor IJCATR
This document discusses green computing practices and sustainable IT services. It provides an overview of factors driving adoption of green computing to reduce costs and environmental impact of data centers, such as rising energy costs and density. Green strategies discussed include improving infrastructure efficiency, power management, thermal management, efficient product design, and virtualization to optimize resource utilization. The document examines how green computing aims to lower costs and environmental footprint, and how sustainable IT services take a broader approach considering economic, environmental and social impacts.
Policies for Green Computing and E-Waste in NigeriaEditor IJCATR
Computers today are an integral part of individuals’ lives all around the world, but unfortunately these devices are toxic to the environment given the materials used, their limited battery life and technological obsolescence. Individuals are concerned about the hazardous materials ever present in computers, even if the importance of various attributes differs, and that a more environment -friendly attitude can be obtained through exposure to educational materials. In this paper, we aim to delineate the problem of e-waste in Nigeria and highlight a series of measures and the advantage they herald for our country and propose a series of action steps to develop in these areas further. It is possible for Nigeria to have an immediate economic stimulus and job creation while moving quickly to abide by the requirements of climate change legislation and energy efficiency directives. The costs of implementing energy efficiency and renewable energy measures are minimal as they are not cash expenditures but rather investments paid back by future, continuous energy savings.
Performance Evaluation of VANETs for Evaluating Node Stability in Dynamic Sce...Editor IJCATR
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a favorable area of exploration which empowers the interconnection amid the movable vehicles and between transportable units (vehicles) and road side units (RSU). In Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), mobile vehicles can be organized into assemblage to promote interconnection links. The assemblage arrangement according to dimensions and geographical extend has serious influence on attribute of interaction .Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are subclass of mobile Ad-hoc network involving more complex mobility patterns. Because of mobility the topology changes very frequently. This raises a number of technical challenges including the stability of the network .There is a need for assemblage configuration leading to more stable realistic network. The paper provides investigation of various simulation scenarios in which cluster using k-means algorithm are generated and their numbers are varied to find the more stable configuration in real scenario of road.
Optimum Location of DG Units Considering Operation ConditionsEditor IJCATR
The optimal sizing and placement of Distributed Generation units (DG) are becoming very attractive to researchers these days. In this paper a two stage approach has been used for allocation and sizing of DGs in distribution system with time varying load model. The strategic placement of DGs can help in reducing energy losses and improving voltage profile. The proposed work discusses time varying loads that can be useful for selecting the location and optimizing DG operation. The method has the potential to be used for integrating the available DGs by identifying the best locations in a power system. The proposed method has been demonstrated on 9-bus test system.
Analysis of Comparison of Fuzzy Knn, C4.5 Algorithm, and Naïve Bayes Classifi...Editor IJCATR
Early detection of diabetes mellitus (DM) can prevent or inhibit complication. There are several laboratory test that must be done to detect DM. The result of this laboratory test then converted into data training. Data training used in this study generated from UCI Pima Database with 6 attributes that were used to classify positive or negative diabetes. There are various classification methods that are commonly used, and in this study three of them were compared, which were fuzzy KNN, C4.5 algorithm and Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) with one identical case. The objective of this study was to create software to classify DM using tested methods and compared the three methods based on accuracy, precision, and recall. The results showed that the best method was Fuzzy KNN with average and maximum accuracy reached 96% and 98%, respectively. In second place, NBC method had respective average and maximum accuracy of 87.5% and 90%. Lastly, C4.5 algorithm had average and maximum accuracy of 79.5% and 86%, respectively.
Web Scraping for Estimating new Record from Source SiteEditor IJCATR
Study in the Competitive field of Intelligent, and studies in the field of Web Scraping, have a symbiotic relationship mutualism. In the information age today, the website serves as a main source. The research focus is on how to get data from websites and how to slow down the intensity of the download. The problem that arises is the website sources are autonomous so that vulnerable changes the structure of the content at any time. The next problem is the system intrusion detection snort installed on the server to detect bot crawler. So the researchers propose the use of the methods of Mining Data Records and the method of Exponential Smoothing so that adaptive to changes in the structure of the content and do a browse or fetch automatically follow the pattern of the occurrences of the news. The results of the tests, with the threshold 0.3 for MDR and similarity threshold score 0.65 for STM, using recall and precision values produce f-measure average 92.6%. While the results of the tests of the exponential estimation smoothing using ? = 0.5 produces MAE 18.2 datarecord duplicate. It slowed down to 3.6 datarecord from 21.8 datarecord results schedule download/fetch fix in an average time of occurrence news.
Evaluating Semantic Similarity between Biomedical Concepts/Classes through S...Editor IJCATR
Most of the existing semantic similarity measures that use ontology structure as their primary source can measure semantic similarity between concepts/classes using single ontology. The ontology-based semantic similarity techniques such as structure-based semantic similarity techniques (Path Length Measure, Wu and Palmer’s Measure, and Leacock and Chodorow’s measure), information content-based similarity techniques (Resnik’s measure, Lin’s measure), and biomedical domain ontology techniques (Al-Mubaid and Nguyen’s measure (SimDist)) were evaluated relative to human experts’ ratings, and compared on sets of concepts using the ICD-10 “V1.0” terminology within the UMLS. The experimental results validate the efficiency of the SemDist technique in single ontology, and demonstrate that SemDist semantic similarity techniques, compared with the existing techniques, gives the best overall results of correlation with experts’ ratings.
Semantic Similarity Measures between Terms in the Biomedical Domain within f...Editor IJCATR
The techniques and tests are tools used to define how measure the goodness of ontology or its resources. The similarity between biomedical classes/concepts is an important task for the biomedical information extraction and knowledge discovery. However, most of the semantic similarity techniques can be adopted to be used in the biomedical domain (UMLS). Many experiments have been conducted to check the applicability of these measures. In this paper, we investigate to measure semantic similarity between two terms within single ontology or multiple ontologies in ICD-10 “V1.0” as primary source, and compare my results to human experts score by correlation coefficient.
A Strategy for Improving the Performance of Small Files in Openstack Swift Editor IJCATR
This is an effective way to improve the storage access performance of small files in Openstack Swift by adding an aggregate storage module. Because Swift will lead to too much disk operation when querying metadata, the transfer performance of plenty of small files is low. In this paper, we propose an aggregated storage strategy (ASS), and implement it in Swift. ASS comprises two parts which include merge storage and index storage. At the first stage, ASS arranges the write request queue in chronological order, and then stores objects in volumes. These volumes are large files that are stored in Swift actually. During the short encounter time, the object-to-volume mapping information is stored in Key-Value store at the second stage. The experimental results show that the ASS can effectively improve Swift's small file transfer performance.
Integrated System for Vehicle Clearance and RegistrationEditor IJCATR
Efficient management and control of government's cash resources rely on government banking arrangements. Nigeria, like many low income countries, employed fragmented systems in handling government receipts and payments. Later in 2016, Nigeria implemented a unified structure as recommended by the IMF, where all government funds are collected in one account would reduce borrowing costs, extend credit and improve government's fiscal policy among other benefits to government. This situation motivated us to embark on this research to design and implement an integrated system for vehicle clearance and registration. This system complies with the new Treasury Single Account policy to enable proper interaction and collaboration among five different level agencies (NCS, FRSC, SBIR, VIO and NPF) saddled with vehicular administration and activities in Nigeria. Since the system is web based, Object Oriented Hypermedia Design Methodology (OOHDM) is used. Tools such as Php, JavaScript, css, html, AJAX and other web development technologies were used. The result is a web based system that gives proper information about a vehicle starting from the exact date of importation to registration and renewal of licensing. Vehicle owner information, custom duty information, plate number registration details, etc. will also be efficiently retrieved from the system by any of the agencies without contacting the other agency at any point in time. Also number plate will no longer be the only means of vehicle identification as it is presently the case in Nigeria, because the unified system will automatically generate and assigned a Unique Vehicle Identification Pin Number (UVIPN) on payment of duty in the system to the vehicle and the UVIPN will be linked to the various agencies in the management information system.
Assessment of the Efficiency of Customer Order Management System: A Case Stu...Editor IJCATR
The Supermarket Management System deals with the automation of buying and selling of good and services. It includes both sales and purchase of items. The project Supermarket Management System is to be developed with the objective of making the system reliable, easier, fast, and more informative.
Energy-Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Network Using Modified Bi-Directional A*Editor IJCATR
Energy is a key component in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)[1]. The system will not be able to run according to its function without the availability of adequate power units. One of the characteristics of wireless sensor network is Limitation energy[2]. A lot of research has been done to develop strategies to overcome this problem. One of them is clustering technique. The popular clustering technique is Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH)[3]. In LEACH, clustering techniques are used to determine Cluster Head (CH), which will then be assigned to forward packets to Base Station (BS). In this research, we propose other clustering techniques, which utilize the Social Network Analysis approach theory of Betweeness Centrality (BC) which will then be implemented in the Setup phase. While in the Steady-State phase, one of the heuristic searching algorithms, Modified Bi-Directional A* (MBDA *) is implemented. The experiment was performed deploy 100 nodes statically in the 100x100 area, with one Base Station at coordinates (50,50). To find out the reliability of the system, the experiment to do in 5000 rounds. The performance of the designed routing protocol strategy will be tested based on network lifetime, throughput, and residual energy. The results show that BC-MBDA * is better than LEACH. This is influenced by the ways of working LEACH in determining the CH that is dynamic, which is always changing in every data transmission process. This will result in the use of energy, because they always doing any computation to determine CH in every transmission process. In contrast to BC-MBDA *, CH is statically determined, so it can decrease energy usage.
Security in Software Defined Networks (SDN): Challenges and Research Opportun...Editor IJCATR
In networks, the rapidly changing traffic patterns of search engines, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, Big Data and data centers has thrown up new challenges for legacy; existing networks; and prompted the need for a more intelligent and innovative way to dynamically manage traffic and allocate limited network resources. Software Defined Network (SDN) which decouples the control plane from the data plane through network vitalizations aims to address these challenges. This paper has explored the SDN architecture and its implementation with the OpenFlow protocol. It has also assessed some of its benefits over traditional network architectures, security concerns and how it can be addressed in future research and related works in emerging economies such as Nigeria.
Measure the Similarity of Complaint Document Using Cosine Similarity Based on...Editor IJCATR
Report handling on "LAPOR!" (Laporan, Aspirasi dan Pengaduan Online Rakyat) system depending on the system administrator who manually reads every incoming report [3]. Read manually can lead to errors in handling complaints [4] if the data flow is huge and grows rapidly, it needs at least three days to prepare a confirmation and it sensitive to inconsistencies [3]. In this study, the authors propose a model that can measure the identities of the Query (Incoming) with Document (Archive). The authors employed Class-Based Indexing term weighting scheme, and Cosine Similarities to analyse document similarities. CoSimTFIDF, CoSimTFICF and CoSimTFIDFICF values used in classification as feature for K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN) classifier. The optimum result evaluation is pre-processing employ 75% of training data ratio and 25% of test data with CoSimTFIDF feature. It deliver a high accuracy 84%. The k = 5 value obtain high accuracy 84.12%
Hangul Recognition Using Support Vector MachineEditor IJCATR
The recognition of Hangul Image is more difficult compared with that of Latin. It could be recognized from the structural arrangement. Hangul is arranged from two dimensions while Latin is only from the left to the right. The current research creates a system to convert Hangul image into Latin text in order to use it as a learning material on reading Hangul. In general, image recognition system is divided into three steps. The first step is preprocessing, which includes binarization, segmentation through connected component-labeling method, and thinning with Zhang Suen to decrease some pattern information. The second is receiving the feature from every single image, whose identification process is done through chain code method. The third is recognizing the process using Support Vector Machine (SVM) with some kernels. It works through letter image and Hangul word recognition. It consists of 34 letters, each of which has 15 different patterns. The whole patterns are 510, divided into 3 data scenarios. The highest result achieved is 94,7% using SVM kernel polynomial and radial basis function. The level of recognition result is influenced by many trained data. Whilst the recognition process of Hangul word applies to the type 2 Hangul word with 6 different patterns. The difference of these patterns appears from the change of the font type. The chosen fonts for data training are such as Batang, Dotum, Gaeul, Gulim, Malgun Gothic. Arial Unicode MS is used to test the data. The lowest accuracy is achieved through the use of SVM kernel radial basis function, which is 69%. The same result, 72 %, is given by the SVM kernel linear and polynomial.
Application of 3D Printing in EducationEditor IJCATR
This paper provides a review of literature concerning the application of 3D printing in the education system. The review identifies that 3D Printing is being applied across the Educational levels [1] as well as in Libraries, Laboratories, and Distance education systems. The review also finds that 3D Printing is being used to teach both students and trainers about 3D Printing and to develop 3D Printing skills.
Survey on Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithms for Underwater Wireless Sensor ...Editor IJCATR
In underwater environment, for retrieval of information the routing mechanism is used. In routing mechanism there are three to four types of nodes are used, one is sink node which is deployed on the water surface and can collect the information, courier/super/AUV or dolphin powerful nodes are deployed in the middle of the water for forwarding the packets, ordinary nodes are also forwarder nodes which can be deployed from bottom to surface of the water and source nodes are deployed at the seabed which can extract the valuable information from the bottom of the sea. In underwater environment the battery power of the nodes is limited and that power can be enhanced through better selection of the routing algorithm. This paper focuses the energy-efficient routing algorithms for their routing mechanisms to prolong the battery power of the nodes. This paper also focuses the performance analysis of the energy-efficient algorithms under which we can examine the better performance of the route selection mechanism which can prolong the battery power of the node
Comparative analysis on Void Node Removal Routing algorithms for Underwater W...Editor IJCATR
The designing of routing algorithms faces many challenges in underwater environment like: propagation delay, acoustic channel behaviour, limited bandwidth, high bit error rate, limited battery power, underwater pressure, node mobility, localization 3D deployment, and underwater obstacles (voids). This paper focuses the underwater voids which affects the overall performance of the entire network. The majority of the researchers have used the better approaches for removal of voids through alternate path selection mechanism but still research needs improvement. This paper also focuses the architecture and its operation through merits and demerits of the existing algorithms. This research article further focuses the analytical method of the performance analysis of existing algorithms through which we found the better approach for removal of voids
Decay Property for Solutions to Plate Type Equations with Variable CoefficientsEditor IJCATR
In this paper we consider the initial value problem for a plate type equation with variable coefficients and memory in
1 n R n ), which is of regularity-loss property. By using spectrally resolution, we study the pointwise estimates in the spectral
space of the fundamental solution to the corresponding linear problem. Appealing to this pointwise estimates, we obtain the global
existence and the decay estimates of solutions to the semilinear problem by employing the fixed point theorem
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
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Crustal Structure from Gravity and Magnetic Anomalies in the Southern Part of the Cauvery Basin, India
1. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications
Volume 4 Issue 5, 2015, ISSN-2319-7560 (Online)
www.ijsea.com 238
Crustal Structure from Gravity and Magnetic
Anomalies in the Southern Part of the Cauvery
Basin, India
D.Bhaskara Rao,
Dept. of Geophysics
Andhra University
Visakhapatnam, India
T. Annapurna
Dept. of Geophysics
Andhra University
Visakhapatnam, India
Abstract: The gravity and magnetic data along the profile across the southern part of the Cauvery basin have been
collected and the data is interpreted for crustal structure depths.The first profile is taken from Karikudito
Embalecovering a distance of 50 km. The gravity lows and highs have clearly indicated various sub-basins and ridges.
The density logs from ONGC, Chennai, show that the density contrast decreases with depth in the sedimentary basin,
and hence, the gravity profiles are interpreted using variable density contrast with depth. From the Bouguer gravity
anomaly, the residual anomaly is constructed by graphical method correlating with well data and subsurface geology.
The residual anomaly profiles are interpreted using polygon and prismatic models. The maximum depths to the granitic
gneiss basement are obtained as 3.00 km. The regional anomaly is interpreted as Moho rise towards coast. The
aeromagnetic anomaly profiles are also interpreted for charnockite basement below the granitic gneiss group of rocks
using prismatic model.
Key words : Cauvery Basin, Gravity, Variable density contrast, Granitic gneiss basement, Magnetic, Charnockite
Basement
1. INTRODUCTION
The Cauvery basin is located between 9o
N-120
N
latitudes and 78o
301
E - 80o
301
E longitudes on the east
coast of India and covers 25,000 sq. km on land and
35,000 sq. km offshore. It consists of six sub-basins and
five ridge patterns. The basement is comprised of the
Archean igneous and metamorphic complex
predominantly granitic gneisses and to a lesser extent
khondalites.Sastri et al (1973, 1977 and 1981) and
Venkatarengan (1987) provided the earliest details on
stratigraphy and tectonics of the sedimentary basins on
the east coast of peninsular India. The Cauvery basin has
come into existence as a result of fragmentation of the
eastern Gondwanaland which began in the Late Jurassic
(Rangaraju et.al, 1993). Lal et al (2009) have provided a
plate tectonic model of the evolution of East coast of
India and the NE-SW trending horst and grabens of
Cauvery basin are considered to be placed juxtaposing
fractured coastal part of Antarctica, located west of
Napier Mountains The Cauvery basin is a target of
intense exploration for hydrocarbons by the Oil and
Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) and has been
extensively studied since early 1960. This is one of the
promising petroliferous basins of India. Many deep
bore-wells have been drilled in this basin in connection
with oil and natural gas exploration. These wells
revealed a wealth of information about the stratigraphy
and density of the formations with depth. The Cauvery
basin is for the most part covered by Holocene deposits.
Sediments of late Jurassic to Pleistocene age crop out in
three main areas near the western margin of the basin
and gently dip towards the east. The oldest sediments in
this basin are Sivaganga beds of late Jurassic age. The
maximum sediment thickness of the basin is about
6000m (Prabhakar and Zutshi, 1993).O.N.G.C.
2. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications
Volume 4 Issue 5, 2015, ISSN-2319-7560 (Online)
www.ijsea.com 239
conducted gravity and magnetic surveys in the Cauvery
basin in 1960s (Kumar, 1993) and presented the
Bouguer gravity anomaly map. Avasthi et al (1977) have
published gravity and magnetic anomaly maps of
Cauvery basin. Verma (1991) have analyzed few gravity
profiles in the Cauvery basin. Subrahmanyam et al
(1995) has presented offshore magnetic anomalies of
Cauvery basin. Ram Babu and Prasanti Lakshmi (2004)
have interpreted aeromagnetic data for the regional
structure and tectonics of the Cauvery basin. The
geological and geophysical work clearly delineated the
presence of a number of ridges and sub-basins trending
in NE-SW directions (Prabhakar and Zutshi, 1993 and
Hardas, 1991): They are: i. Pondicherry sub-basin ii.
Tranquebar sub-basin iii.Tanjavur sub-basin
IV.Nagapattinam sub-basin v. Palk Bay sub-basin and
vi. Mannar sub basin and i. Madanam Ridge ii.
Kumbakonam Ridge iii.Karaikal Ridge iv. Mannargudi
Ridge v. Mandapam Ridge. The gravity and magnetic
surveys are carried out in the entire Cauvery basin along
nine profiles, at closely spaced interval, and placing the
profiles at approximately 30 km interval and
perpendicular to various tectonic features. In this paper
gravity and magnetic anomaly profile is PP’ presented
along the tectonic map of Prabhakar and Zutshi
(1993).The gravity anomalies are interpreted with
variable density contrast for granitic gneiss basement
and the aeromagnetic profiles are interpreted for the
chornockite basement below the granitic gneiss group of
rocks
.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS.
GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC
SURVEYS
The gravity, magnetic and DGPS(Differential Global
Position System) observations are made along three
profiles across the various tectonic features (Prabhakar
and Zutshi, 1993) in the central part of the Cauvery
basin as shown in Fig.1.Gravity measurements have
been made at approximately 1.5 to 2km station interval.
Gravity readings are taken with Lacoste-Romberg
gravimeter and Position locations and elevations are
determined by DGPS(Trimble).The HIG (Haiwaii
Institute of Geophysics) gravity base station located in
the Ist class waiting hall of Vridhachalam railway
station is taken as the base station. The latitude and
longitude of this base are 110
321
06.4588511
N and
790
181
59.1986611
E respectively. The gravity value at
this base station is 978227.89 mgals. With reference to
the above station, auxiliary bases are established for the
day to day surveys. The Bouguer anomaly for these
profiles is obtained after proper corrections viz (i) drift
(ii) free air (iii) Bouguer and (iv) normal. The Bouguer
density is taken a value of 2.0gm/cc after carrying out
density measurements of the surface rocks. The gravity
observations are made along available roads falling
nearly on straight lines .The maximum deviations from
the straight lines at some places are around 5 km. Total
field magnetic anomalies are also observed at the same
stations using Proton Precession Magnetometer but the
data is later found to be erroneous. In order to get
magnetic picture, aeromagnetic anomaly maps in topo
sheets 58M, 58N, 58J, 58K, 58O, 58L, 58H covering the
total Cauvery basin on land from GSI are procured and
anomaly data is taken along these three profiles. The
total field magnetic anomalies are observed at an
elevation of 1.5 km above msl. IGRF corrections are
made for this data using standard computer programs
and the reduced data is used for interpreting magnetic
basement.
Gravity profile along PPꞌ
The profile (PPꞌ) runs from Karikudi(Latitude
10°01.06.84367"N and Longitude 78°33'13.8292"E) to
Embale, (Latitude 9°01'08.47826"Nand Longitude
78°59'12.71739"E) covering a distance of 50 km and
23 stations are established along this profile (Fig.1).The
data is collected on 20/3/2007. This profile passes across
the Tanjavur sub-basin, Mannargudi ridge (Fig.1). The
profile is sampled at 5 km station interval .The
minimum and maximum Bouguer gravity anomalies
3. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications
Volume 4 Issue 5, 2015, ISSN-2319-7560 (Online)
www.ijsea.com 240
over the basins and ridges are -45,-35,1.8 and 2,-
17,0.7,.The profile is passing through one ONGC well
which was drilled upto a depth, of; 1500.00 meters and
did not reach granitic gneiss basement and is plotted as
dotted lines in Fig.1,(Jayakondam-1).The basement
depths based on sub-surface geology (Prabhakar and
Zutshi, 1993), shown in Fig.1, are plotted as dotted
curve. Based on this data and by trial and error method
of modeling, a smooth regional curve is drawn such that
the interpretation of resulting residual anomalies with
quadratic density function gives rise to the depths
conforming to the depths given by wells and sub-surface
geology. The regional is -25mgals at the origin and
continuously increases reaching a maximum of 22mgals
at 50 km distance from the land border of the basin. The
regional is subtracted from the Bouguer anomaly and the
residual is plotted as shown in Fig 1. The residual
anomaly is interpreted with quadratic density function
using polygon model (BhaskaraRao and Radhakrishna
Murthy1986) and also with prismatic model
(BhaskaraRao 1986).The depths are obtained by
iterative method using Bott’s method and the results at
10th
iteration are plotted as polygon and prismatic
models as shown in Fig.1. The errors between the
residual and calculated anomalies in both the methods
are below +0.1 mgals. The maximum and minimum
depths over the basins and ridges are the interpreted
depths are nearly coinciding with the depths given by
Prabhkar and Zutshi (1993). The regional is interpreted
for Moho depths. For this, the normal Moho value
outside the basin is taken as 42km from Kaila et al
(1990) and the regional anomaly is obtained by
removing a constant value of -25mgals from the regional
and a density contrast of +0.6 gm/cc is assumed
between the upper mantle and crust. The depths to
Moho are deduced from the regional anomaly by Bott’s
method and the Moho rise is plotted at the bottom of
Fig.1 and the Moho is identified at 34.0 km depth near
the coast to 42 km on land border of the basin in NW.
Figure 1. Interpretation of gravity anomaly
profile along PPꞌ
Magnetic profile along PPꞌ
The magnetic data for the profile PP’ is taken from
two topo sheets (58J and 58K).To construct the profile,
the observed stations are placed on topo sheets of the
magnetic anomaly map and a mean straight line is
drawn. The points of intersection of the magnetic
contours with the straight line are noted and these values
are plotted against the distance .This aeromagnetic data
was collected in the year 1983 and diurnal corrections
were made before contouring the data. IGRF corrections
made to this data using 1985 coefficients as and the
magnetic anomaly profile is constructed. The length of
the magnetic anomaly profile is 50 km and is sampled at
5 km interval. The magnetic anomalies vary from 36ɳT
to 164ɳT. The anomalies are interpreted for magnetic
basement structure below granitic gneisses using prism
model. The profile is interpreted by taking the mean
depth of the basement at 5.0 km and constraining the
depths to upper and lower limits of the basement as 2.0
km and 8.0 km respectively. The FORTRAN computer
program TMAG2DIN to interpret the profiles is taken
4. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications
Volume 4 Issue 5, 2015, ISSN-2319-7560 (Online)
www.ijsea.com 241
from Radhakrishna Murthy (1998). The program is
based on the Marquadt algorithm and this seeks the
minimum of the objective function defined by the sum
of the squares of the differences between the observed
and calculated anomalies. A linear order regional, viz;
Ax+B, is assumed along this profile and the coefficients
A and B are estimated by the computer. The profile is
interpreted for different magnetizations angles (Φ)+18,-
18 and intensity of magnetizations (J) 450.The average
value for the total field (F)39780 , inclination (i)4.0 and
declination (d)0.0 along this profile and the measured
angle between the strike and magnetic north (α)22.
Based on this data, the magnetization angle Φ is
calculated to be 11.00°. But by trial and error, the best
fit of the anomalies for Φ and J. The values of the
objective function, lamda (,)ג regional at the origin (A),
regional gradient (B) and the no.of iterations executed
for normal as well as reverse magnetization. Here the
objective function for normal magnetization is 3.46 and
that of reverse magnetization is 18.51. The residual
anomaly after removing the regional from the observed
anomaly is plotted in the figure 2. The differences
between the residual and the calculated anomalies are
negligible as shown in the figure 2. The interpretations
of the depths for normal and reverse magnetizations for
charnockite basement. The depths for these two
interpretations are not much different. As the average
susceptibility of the granitic gneisses is of the order of
10*10-6
cgs units and that of charnockite is 2000*10-6
cgs
units, granitic gneiss basement cannot explain the
observed magnetic anomalies. The modeling results
place the charnockite basement 0 to 8 km below the
granitic gneiss basement along this profile. The
existence of charnockite basement below granitic
gneisses was also noted by Narayaswamy (1975).
Figure 2. Interpretation of total field magnetic
anomaly profile along PP'
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.
The gravity and magnetic surveys have been carried out
along profile laid perpendicular to various tectonic
features, approximately at 30 km interval, in the
southern part of the Cauvery basin. The subsurface
geology and information available from the boreholes
along these profiles are used to estimate the regional in
the case of gravity anomalies. The residual gravity
anomalies are interpreted for the thickness of the
sediments in the basins and on ridges using variable
density contrast. The density data obtained from various
boreholes drilled in connection with oil and natural gas
exploration is used to estimate variable density contrast,
which is approximated by a quadratic function. The
gravity anomalies are interpreted with polygon model
(BhaskaraRao and Radhakrishna Murthy 1986) and also
with prismatic model (BhaskaraRao, 1986), and the
depths are plotted and these are nearly the same for both
the methods: The basement for the sedimentary fill is the
5. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications
Volume 4 Issue 5, 2015, ISSN-2319-7560 (Online)
www.ijsea.com 242
granitic gneiss group of rocks. The maximum depths
obtained in the Tanjavur sub-basin is 3.0 km along PPꞌ
profile. The regional anomaly is interpreted for Moho
depths and it is rising towards coast along these profiles.
The Moho depth outside the basin is taken as 42 km and
the Moho depths near the coast are obtained as 34.0 km
for the PPꞌ. The gravity studies clearly brought out the
structure of the sedimentary basin along the profile and
supplement the geological studies. The aeromagnetic
anomalies along these three profiles are also interpreted
as a basement structure below the sediments. The
magnetic basements do not coincide with the gravity
basements. The depths obtained for chornackite
basement for normal and reverse magnetizations are
nearly the same. The best fit for the observed magnetic
anomalies is obtained for chornackite basement
structure0 to 8 km below the granitic gneiss basement.
The values of magnetizations angle and intensity of
magnetization show that the anomalies are caused by
remanent magnetization. There is no correlation between
the basements obtained by gravity and magnetic
methods. A close fit with the observed magnetic
anomalies is obtained for reverse magnetization.
However, the charnockite basement structure for normal
and reverse magnetizations are not much different. The
interpretation of magnetic anomalies clearly brought out
the existence of charnockite basement below the granitic
gneiss basement. The observed magnetic anomalies can
be best explained with the intensity of magnetizations
450 gammas for PPꞌ. The modeling results for various
profiles place the chornackite basement at 0 to 8km
below the granitic basement.
4. CONCLUSIONS.
The profile PPꞌ runs from Karikudi to Embale
covering a distance of 50 km. This profile passes
across the Tanjavur sub-basin and Mannargudi
ridge.The residual anomaly is interpreted with
quadratic density function using polygon and
prismatic models. The depths obtained by gravity
methods on the Tanjavur sub basin and
Mannargudi ridge are 1.8 km, and 0.7 km
respectively. The interpreted depths are nearly
coinciding with the depths given by Prabhakar and
Zutshi (1993) and drilled depths. The regional
gravity anomalies are interpreted for Moho depths.
The Moho is identified at 34.0 km depth near the
coast to 42 km on land border of the basin in NW.
The magnetic anomaly profile is interpreted with
different intensity of magnetizations (J) and dips
(Φ) for charnockite basement. There is no
correlation between the basements obtained by the
gravity and magnetic methods. The observed
magnetic anomalies can be best explained with the
intensity of magnetization of 450 gammas and dips
of ±18.0 degrees. The objective functions for
normal and reverse magnetizations are 3.46 and
18.51 respectively.
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
A part of this work was carried out during the DST
project (2005-2009) “Crustal structure, regional
tectonics and evolution of K-G and Cauvery basins from
gravity and magnetic surveys and modeling” and the
financial support received from the DST is gratefully
acknowledged. We thank the Director (Exploration),
O.N.G.C. for giving permission to use well log density
data. We also thank Prof.K.V.V.Satyanarayana, Retired
Professor of Geophysics for the help in field work. We
are also thankful to Prof.P.RamaRao, Head of the
Department, Department of Geophysics, for providing
facilities in the Department.
6. REFERENCES
[1] Avasthi, D.N,V.V.Raju., and B.Y
Kashethiyar,1977. A case history of
geophysical surveys for in the
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Cauvery basin: In: Geophysical case
histories of India (Ed.
V.L.S.Bhimasankaram), Vol.1,p.57-
77,Assoc.Expl.Geophysics.India.
[2] Bhaskara Rao, D. (1986). Modelling of
sedimentary basins from gravity
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[3] Bhaskara Rao, D. and Radhakrishna Murthy,
I.V. (1986).Gravity anomalies of two
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[4] Hardas,M.G.(1991).Depositional pattern of
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[5] Kumar, S.P. (1993).Geology and hydrocarbon
prospects of Krishna-Godavari and
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[6] Kaila,K.L.,Murthy,P.R.K.,Rao,V.K.and
Venkateswarlu,N.(1990).Deep Seismic
Sounding in the Godavari graben and
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