Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 324 collected bathymetry and magnetic data during transits between drill sites on Shatsky Rise and from Shatsky Rise to Townsville, Australia. Bathymetry data showed the seafloor features of Shatsky Rise volcanic massifs, seamounts, and abyssal plains with water depths ranging from 2700 to over 7000 meters. Magnetic data varied from -400 to 800 nanoteslas, showing anomalies associated with the volcanic structures as well as low-amplitude features in the Jurassic Quiet Zone between Shatsky Rise and the Hawaiian magnetic lineations. The ship's magnetic effect on the data was corrected using measurements from a calibration circle survey.
Crustal Structure from Gravity and Magnetic Anomalies in the Southern Part of...Editor IJCATR
The gravity and magnetic data along the profile across the southern part of the Cauvery basin have been collected and the data is interpreted for crustal structure depths.The first profile is taken from Karikudito Embalecovering a distance of 50 km. The gravity lows and highs have clearly indicated various sub-basins and ridges. The density logs from ONGC, Chennai, show that the density contrast decreases with depth in the sedimentary basin, and hence, the gravity profiles are interpreted using variable density contrast with depth. From the Bouguer gravity anomaly, the residual anomaly is constructed by graphical method correlating with well data and subsurface geology. The residual anomaly profiles are interpreted using polygon and prismatic models. The maximum depths to the granitic gneiss basement are obtained as 3.00 km. The regional anomaly is interpreted as Moho rise towards coast. The aeromagnetic anomaly profiles are also interpreted for charnockite basement below the granitic gneiss group of rocks using prismatic model.
Marmara ve İstanbul için ayrı ayrı 2 senaryo yapılmış. Coulomb Stress etkisi önemli ölçüde deprem olasılığını yükseltiyor. Özellikle, KAFZ boyunca meydana gelen depremlerin yüzey kırıklarının Dünya'da ki benzer büyük depremlerin yüzey kırıklarından oldukça farklı ve büyük.
Deprem nerede olacak?
Neden OBS Deprem İzleme çalışması?
10 aylık OBS sismisite verisi ile Marmara denizi içinde çok aktif ve az aktif alanların tespiti yapılmış. Aynı süre içerisinde normal deprem istasyonları ile yapılan deprem verisinin 7 misli daha fazla verinin bu şekilde kayıt edildiği belirtiliyor. İlave olarak, deniz tabanında ki faya yakın OBS kayıtçılar ile dış merkez hataları çok minimize ediliyor ve ilave olarak sismik tomografi çalışması fay boyunca yapılabiliyor.
OBS depremler ile deprem tehlikesini doğru anlamak
Aktif olmayan alanların değişimi Marmara denizinin Doğu-Batı yönünde EŞİT değil ve bu farklılık üzerinden ekte verilen çalışmada bir sonuç öneriliyor. Beklenen İstanbul depreminin olacağından şüphe yok fakat esas araştırılan konu fay zonu'nun hangi alanının bu tür büyük bir depremi üretecek enerji birikimi kapasitesini araştırmak.
Aşağıda ki soruları doğal olarak bu paylaşımı okuyan birisi sorabilir.
Nerede olacağını bilmek neden önemli?
İstanbul deprem riski açısından olacak depremin hangi enlem ve boylam (dış merkez) ve derinlikte (iç merkez) olmasının bilinmesi ne yarar sağlar?
Kaynak: Figure 8 of Yamamato et. al., 2016. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2016JB013608
Deprem Verilerinin H/V Oranının Mevsimsel Değişimi Ali Osman Öncel
H/V oranının zaman içinde değişimi konusu bana oldukça ilginç gelmişti ve bu tür bir çalışma yapıldı mı sorusunu netleştirmek için araştırma yaptım ve 2021 yılında bu konuda GJI gibi bir dergide yayınlanmış bir çalışma buldum. Bu çalışma oldukça iyi bir referans H/V çalışmaları için. Önemli referans düşünceler şöyle; 1) Mevsimsel olarak yağışa bağlı olarak yeraltı kaynaklarında ki azalma ve yükselmeye bağlı olarak H/V yükseliyor, 2) H/V pik değerleri kaya zemin üzerinde yaklaşık BİR (1) oranında seyreder ve PİK vermezken, kaya zeminden uzaklaşıldıkça zemin etkisi ile PİK değerleri değişir, 3) Deprem ve Gürültü sinyallerinden hesap edilen F(PİK) nerede ise sabitken, H/V oranları %10 değişir, 4) M6.8 büyüklüğünde meydana gelen bir deprem H/V değişimlerini etkiler.
Yapılan çalışmada kullanılan yaklaşım SESAME (2004) kriterlerine uygun olarak 1) 60 dakikalık veriler analizi, 2) 1000 günden fazla gözlem süresi 3) 10'dan fazla farklı zeminlerde istasyon 4) 60 dakikalık birbirinden ayrı verilerin analiz edilmesi. Oldukça emek yoğun bir çalışma
Edge Detectionand Depth Estimation from Magnetic DataofWadi Araba,Eastern Des...iosrjce
Edge detection, trend analysis and depth estimation techniques are very important steps in the
interpretation of magnetic anomalies. In this paper, the Fast Fourier Transform was applied to showing the
regional and residual sources. Trend analysis was carried out on the Reduced to Pole, regional and residual
aeromagnetic maps to delineate the main tectonic trends dissected the study area. The edges of these sources
is determined by using the tilt angle derivative and standard 3D-Euler deconvolution. The estimated Euler
solutions was plotted on the tilt angle derivative map. A good correlation was noticed between them
indicating that both of them can be contribute in delineating the general structural framework of the area.
These techniques indicate that Wadi Araba is highly affected by the Gulf of Suez rifting system and the Syrian
Arc folding system. On other hand, the area is affected by the Tethyan trend especially the southwestern
corner of this area and it is maintained in regional components. The depth estimation was applied using
analytic signal and Source Parameter imaging techniques. These depth methods show a comparable results.
The depth to the top of the basement sources ranges from about 200 to 4000 m.
İstasyon dağılımı çift kanaldan yapılıyor ve bu kanallar AFAD ve KOERI. İlginç olan durum bu istasyonlar 1 YIL içinde yerleştirilmiyor ve YILLARA yayılan bir yerleştirme planı var. İstatistik çalışanlar için iyi özellikle, 'İstasyon Etkilerinin Sismisite Değişimine Muhtemel Etkileri' konusunu çalışmak isteyenler için. Özellikle, 1995 yılında ki çalışmam bununla ilişkili. https://npg.copernicus.org/articles/2/147/1995/
AFAD tarafından DAFZ civarında kurulmuş 28 istasyonu var ve 2006 yılında kurmaya başlamış ve süreç 2017 yılına kadar yükselerek devam etmiş. 2006 yılında 28 istasyonun tamamını 1 DEFA'da kurmuş olsa idi fay zonlarının deprem tehlikesinin araştırılması için önemli bir VERİ toplanması olacaktı ve bugüne kadar 15 yıllık veri üzerinde '0-İnsan Etkisi' olduğundan istatistik çalışmalar ile bulunan sonuçlar anlamlı olacaktı. Sıkça sorulan soru vardır, 'Depremler son yıllarda sayısal olarak artıyor mu?' diye, EVET artıyor çünkü depremi kayıt eden İSTASYON sayısı arttığı için. Bu açıdan, 'İnsana bağlı olarak deprem tehlike verisinde ki değişim' araştırma konusu olur mu? Neden olmasın!
Benzer durum KOERI'de var ve 2006 yılında 5 olan istasyon sayısını 2011 yılına kadar tedrici olarak 10 sayısına yükseltiyor. 2011 yılından sonra sayı 12'de sabit kalıyor.
2006 yılından günümüze DAFZ üzerinde İKİLİ KURUM tarafından kurulan toplam istasyon sayısı 40, fakat bunlar TEK 1 YILDA kurulmadığı için İSTATİSTİK çalışmalara ETKİSİ olumsuz. 2006 yılında 40 istasyon 1 DEFADA kurulsa idi, DAFZ boyunca fayların deprem potansiyelinin araştırılması açısından ÇOK İYİ bir potansiyel olacaktı.
Deprem İstatistiği çalışmalarında DİKKAT edilecek ÇOK noktalar var, bu noktalar bölgede ki VERİ KAPASİTESİ ve VERİ KALİTESİ'nin iyi araştırılması ile mümkün olur. Aslında burada ANLATILANLARI İstatistiksel Sismoloji dersinde detaylı tartıştım. Deprem İstatistiği çalışacak olan ve bu konuda çalışmak isteyenler bu dersler BAŞTAN SONA not alarak 1 KERE daha dinlese İYİ olur. AKSİ taktirde çalışmalarınız İYİ 1 BİLİMSEL TEMELE dayanmazsa çok yararsız olabilir.
Crustal Structure from Gravity and Magnetic Anomalies in the Southern Part of...Editor IJCATR
The gravity and magnetic data along the profile across the southern part of the Cauvery basin have been collected and the data is interpreted for crustal structure depths.The first profile is taken from Karikudito Embalecovering a distance of 50 km. The gravity lows and highs have clearly indicated various sub-basins and ridges. The density logs from ONGC, Chennai, show that the density contrast decreases with depth in the sedimentary basin, and hence, the gravity profiles are interpreted using variable density contrast with depth. From the Bouguer gravity anomaly, the residual anomaly is constructed by graphical method correlating with well data and subsurface geology. The residual anomaly profiles are interpreted using polygon and prismatic models. The maximum depths to the granitic gneiss basement are obtained as 3.00 km. The regional anomaly is interpreted as Moho rise towards coast. The aeromagnetic anomaly profiles are also interpreted for charnockite basement below the granitic gneiss group of rocks using prismatic model.
Marmara ve İstanbul için ayrı ayrı 2 senaryo yapılmış. Coulomb Stress etkisi önemli ölçüde deprem olasılığını yükseltiyor. Özellikle, KAFZ boyunca meydana gelen depremlerin yüzey kırıklarının Dünya'da ki benzer büyük depremlerin yüzey kırıklarından oldukça farklı ve büyük.
Deprem nerede olacak?
Neden OBS Deprem İzleme çalışması?
10 aylık OBS sismisite verisi ile Marmara denizi içinde çok aktif ve az aktif alanların tespiti yapılmış. Aynı süre içerisinde normal deprem istasyonları ile yapılan deprem verisinin 7 misli daha fazla verinin bu şekilde kayıt edildiği belirtiliyor. İlave olarak, deniz tabanında ki faya yakın OBS kayıtçılar ile dış merkez hataları çok minimize ediliyor ve ilave olarak sismik tomografi çalışması fay boyunca yapılabiliyor.
OBS depremler ile deprem tehlikesini doğru anlamak
Aktif olmayan alanların değişimi Marmara denizinin Doğu-Batı yönünde EŞİT değil ve bu farklılık üzerinden ekte verilen çalışmada bir sonuç öneriliyor. Beklenen İstanbul depreminin olacağından şüphe yok fakat esas araştırılan konu fay zonu'nun hangi alanının bu tür büyük bir depremi üretecek enerji birikimi kapasitesini araştırmak.
Aşağıda ki soruları doğal olarak bu paylaşımı okuyan birisi sorabilir.
Nerede olacağını bilmek neden önemli?
İstanbul deprem riski açısından olacak depremin hangi enlem ve boylam (dış merkez) ve derinlikte (iç merkez) olmasının bilinmesi ne yarar sağlar?
Kaynak: Figure 8 of Yamamato et. al., 2016. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2016JB013608
Deprem Verilerinin H/V Oranının Mevsimsel Değişimi Ali Osman Öncel
H/V oranının zaman içinde değişimi konusu bana oldukça ilginç gelmişti ve bu tür bir çalışma yapıldı mı sorusunu netleştirmek için araştırma yaptım ve 2021 yılında bu konuda GJI gibi bir dergide yayınlanmış bir çalışma buldum. Bu çalışma oldukça iyi bir referans H/V çalışmaları için. Önemli referans düşünceler şöyle; 1) Mevsimsel olarak yağışa bağlı olarak yeraltı kaynaklarında ki azalma ve yükselmeye bağlı olarak H/V yükseliyor, 2) H/V pik değerleri kaya zemin üzerinde yaklaşık BİR (1) oranında seyreder ve PİK vermezken, kaya zeminden uzaklaşıldıkça zemin etkisi ile PİK değerleri değişir, 3) Deprem ve Gürültü sinyallerinden hesap edilen F(PİK) nerede ise sabitken, H/V oranları %10 değişir, 4) M6.8 büyüklüğünde meydana gelen bir deprem H/V değişimlerini etkiler.
Yapılan çalışmada kullanılan yaklaşım SESAME (2004) kriterlerine uygun olarak 1) 60 dakikalık veriler analizi, 2) 1000 günden fazla gözlem süresi 3) 10'dan fazla farklı zeminlerde istasyon 4) 60 dakikalık birbirinden ayrı verilerin analiz edilmesi. Oldukça emek yoğun bir çalışma
Edge Detectionand Depth Estimation from Magnetic DataofWadi Araba,Eastern Des...iosrjce
Edge detection, trend analysis and depth estimation techniques are very important steps in the
interpretation of magnetic anomalies. In this paper, the Fast Fourier Transform was applied to showing the
regional and residual sources. Trend analysis was carried out on the Reduced to Pole, regional and residual
aeromagnetic maps to delineate the main tectonic trends dissected the study area. The edges of these sources
is determined by using the tilt angle derivative and standard 3D-Euler deconvolution. The estimated Euler
solutions was plotted on the tilt angle derivative map. A good correlation was noticed between them
indicating that both of them can be contribute in delineating the general structural framework of the area.
These techniques indicate that Wadi Araba is highly affected by the Gulf of Suez rifting system and the Syrian
Arc folding system. On other hand, the area is affected by the Tethyan trend especially the southwestern
corner of this area and it is maintained in regional components. The depth estimation was applied using
analytic signal and Source Parameter imaging techniques. These depth methods show a comparable results.
The depth to the top of the basement sources ranges from about 200 to 4000 m.
İstasyon dağılımı çift kanaldan yapılıyor ve bu kanallar AFAD ve KOERI. İlginç olan durum bu istasyonlar 1 YIL içinde yerleştirilmiyor ve YILLARA yayılan bir yerleştirme planı var. İstatistik çalışanlar için iyi özellikle, 'İstasyon Etkilerinin Sismisite Değişimine Muhtemel Etkileri' konusunu çalışmak isteyenler için. Özellikle, 1995 yılında ki çalışmam bununla ilişkili. https://npg.copernicus.org/articles/2/147/1995/
AFAD tarafından DAFZ civarında kurulmuş 28 istasyonu var ve 2006 yılında kurmaya başlamış ve süreç 2017 yılına kadar yükselerek devam etmiş. 2006 yılında 28 istasyonun tamamını 1 DEFA'da kurmuş olsa idi fay zonlarının deprem tehlikesinin araştırılması için önemli bir VERİ toplanması olacaktı ve bugüne kadar 15 yıllık veri üzerinde '0-İnsan Etkisi' olduğundan istatistik çalışmalar ile bulunan sonuçlar anlamlı olacaktı. Sıkça sorulan soru vardır, 'Depremler son yıllarda sayısal olarak artıyor mu?' diye, EVET artıyor çünkü depremi kayıt eden İSTASYON sayısı arttığı için. Bu açıdan, 'İnsana bağlı olarak deprem tehlike verisinde ki değişim' araştırma konusu olur mu? Neden olmasın!
Benzer durum KOERI'de var ve 2006 yılında 5 olan istasyon sayısını 2011 yılına kadar tedrici olarak 10 sayısına yükseltiyor. 2011 yılından sonra sayı 12'de sabit kalıyor.
2006 yılından günümüze DAFZ üzerinde İKİLİ KURUM tarafından kurulan toplam istasyon sayısı 40, fakat bunlar TEK 1 YILDA kurulmadığı için İSTATİSTİK çalışmalara ETKİSİ olumsuz. 2006 yılında 40 istasyon 1 DEFADA kurulsa idi, DAFZ boyunca fayların deprem potansiyelinin araştırılması açısından ÇOK İYİ bir potansiyel olacaktı.
Deprem İstatistiği çalışmalarında DİKKAT edilecek ÇOK noktalar var, bu noktalar bölgede ki VERİ KAPASİTESİ ve VERİ KALİTESİ'nin iyi araştırılması ile mümkün olur. Aslında burada ANLATILANLARI İstatistiksel Sismoloji dersinde detaylı tartıştım. Deprem İstatistiği çalışacak olan ve bu konuda çalışmak isteyenler bu dersler BAŞTAN SONA not alarak 1 KERE daha dinlese İYİ olur. AKSİ taktirde çalışmalarınız İYİ 1 BİLİMSEL TEMELE dayanmazsa çok yararsız olabilir.
Türkiye'nin doğusunda en büyük tehlike kaynaklarından birisi SINIR ZONU olarak görünüyor. Bölgede ki en güvenilir tarihsel veri Ambraseys'den geliyor. Büyük sismolog. Ambraseys makaleleri okudukça yeni şeyler keşfedilen makaleler. Türkiye'de Sınır Deprem Kuşağını çok net göstermiş.
A basic introduction to available geophysical test methods for the use of Geotechnical engineers presented at the USACE Infrastructure Conference in Atlanta, June 2011.
1980 öncesi deprem istasyon sayısı Türkiye'de herhalde 50'den azdı ve bu nedenle deprem istatistiği çalışmaları Türkiye boyunca çok büyük alanlara bölünerek yapılmış. Okla gösterdiğim yerlerde magnitüd aralığı çok yetersiz. Bu çalışmada, 4x4 şeklinde dilimleme yapılmış. 400kmx400 km olarak dilimlere ayrılarak yapılmış. Veri olmadığı zaman mecbur ALANI büyütmek zorunda kalıyorsunuz... bu nedenle Makro-İstatistik İnceleme yapılmış oluyor.a/b oranını çalışmalarımda hiç kullanmadım fakat bana kalırsa yararlı bir parametre olarak görünüyor. Bir yıl içinde olması beklenen en büyük deprem büyüklüğünü veriyor. Buna göre bu çalışmada, bir yıl içinde beklenen en büyük deprem M=5 bulunmuş ve alan 39 E ve 41 B arasında bir yere denk geliyor... muhtemelen Karlıova Üçlü Bileşimi çevresi olabilir.
Geodetic and seismological analysis of the January 26th, 2014 Cephalonia Isla...Demitris Anastasiou
On January 26, 2014 a strong earthquake of magnitude Mw=5.8 occurred on Cephalonia Island followed by a similar magnitude earthquake Mw=5.7 one week later on February 3, 2014. Extensive structural damages, landslides and many damages on the islands' main roads, harbour and airport caused mainly on the western and central part of the island. The first event located 2km eastern of Lixouri town and was followed five hours later by a strong aftershock of magnitude Mw=5.3. The second strong earthquake located in the north part of Paliki eninsula North-East Cephalonia). Geodetic data of six permanent GNSS stations were available and analysed in this study both in pro and post seismic terms, using 30sec and 1Hz data where available. The time series analysis shows the effect of each event at nearby stations. Seismological data are used to determine the focal mechanisms of the earthquake sequence and an attempt to investigate the homogeneity of the mechanisms and the stress field of the area is presented in the study. Geodetic analysis and seismological results are used to understand the mechanism of the events.
M6.0 2004 Parkfield Earthquake : Seismic AttenuationAli Osman Öncel
HRSN isimli kuyu içi sismik istasyonlar kullanılarak, San Andreas fayı boyunca meydana gelen büyük depremler öncesi sismik azalımın varlığının olup olmadığı araştırılıyor.
Geology is the one of the most interesting subject about mother earth which can be best studied on field. This report of geological field work done at Chobhar area, Kathmandu consists observation with analysis regarding geological features, structures and processes.
Türkiye'nin doğusunda en büyük tehlike kaynaklarından birisi SINIR ZONU olarak görünüyor. Bölgede ki en güvenilir tarihsel veri Ambraseys'den geliyor. Büyük sismolog. Ambraseys makaleleri okudukça yeni şeyler keşfedilen makaleler. Türkiye'de Sınır Deprem Kuşağını çok net göstermiş.
A basic introduction to available geophysical test methods for the use of Geotechnical engineers presented at the USACE Infrastructure Conference in Atlanta, June 2011.
1980 öncesi deprem istasyon sayısı Türkiye'de herhalde 50'den azdı ve bu nedenle deprem istatistiği çalışmaları Türkiye boyunca çok büyük alanlara bölünerek yapılmış. Okla gösterdiğim yerlerde magnitüd aralığı çok yetersiz. Bu çalışmada, 4x4 şeklinde dilimleme yapılmış. 400kmx400 km olarak dilimlere ayrılarak yapılmış. Veri olmadığı zaman mecbur ALANI büyütmek zorunda kalıyorsunuz... bu nedenle Makro-İstatistik İnceleme yapılmış oluyor.a/b oranını çalışmalarımda hiç kullanmadım fakat bana kalırsa yararlı bir parametre olarak görünüyor. Bir yıl içinde olması beklenen en büyük deprem büyüklüğünü veriyor. Buna göre bu çalışmada, bir yıl içinde beklenen en büyük deprem M=5 bulunmuş ve alan 39 E ve 41 B arasında bir yere denk geliyor... muhtemelen Karlıova Üçlü Bileşimi çevresi olabilir.
Geodetic and seismological analysis of the January 26th, 2014 Cephalonia Isla...Demitris Anastasiou
On January 26, 2014 a strong earthquake of magnitude Mw=5.8 occurred on Cephalonia Island followed by a similar magnitude earthquake Mw=5.7 one week later on February 3, 2014. Extensive structural damages, landslides and many damages on the islands' main roads, harbour and airport caused mainly on the western and central part of the island. The first event located 2km eastern of Lixouri town and was followed five hours later by a strong aftershock of magnitude Mw=5.3. The second strong earthquake located in the north part of Paliki eninsula North-East Cephalonia). Geodetic data of six permanent GNSS stations were available and analysed in this study both in pro and post seismic terms, using 30sec and 1Hz data where available. The time series analysis shows the effect of each event at nearby stations. Seismological data are used to determine the focal mechanisms of the earthquake sequence and an attempt to investigate the homogeneity of the mechanisms and the stress field of the area is presented in the study. Geodetic analysis and seismological results are used to understand the mechanism of the events.
M6.0 2004 Parkfield Earthquake : Seismic AttenuationAli Osman Öncel
HRSN isimli kuyu içi sismik istasyonlar kullanılarak, San Andreas fayı boyunca meydana gelen büyük depremler öncesi sismik azalımın varlığının olup olmadığı araştırılıyor.
Geology is the one of the most interesting subject about mother earth which can be best studied on field. This report of geological field work done at Chobhar area, Kathmandu consists observation with analysis regarding geological features, structures and processes.
Parece ate um pouco esquisito imaginar que seja possível na visão cristã acontecer a "seleção natural da especie" o que de fato existe na própria divisão do que é bom ou mau.
O cantar o passarinho pode ate ser bonito, pode trazer a paz, e o vento a soar em sua calma, mas consequentemente do que é bom, e sem poder explicar, intensamente começa a ventar, pássaros não podem mais cantar estão a se esconder pois a tempestade esta a acontecer.
PPM is the best business school in Indonesia. Now under Mr. Andi Ilham Said leadership, PPM is looking forward to be Indonesian landmark of management and business school
Boletín informativo con el título "La vocación matrimonial, camino de transformación del mundo". + info en http://opusdei.es/es-es/section/sobre-san-josemaria/
Similar to IODP uses Syqwest's Bathy 2010 3.5 khz chirp profiler to conduct geo physical survey from the shore of japan to the shatsky rise, with great success!
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
First Observation of the Earth’s Permanent FreeOscillation s on Ocean Bottom ...Sérgio Sacani
The Earth’s hum is the permanent free oscillations of the Earth recorded in the absence ofearthquakes, at periods above 30 s. We present the first observations of its fundamental spheroidaleigenmodes on broadband ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) in the Indian Ocean. At the ocean bottom,the effects of ocean infragravity waves (compliance) and seafloor currents (tilt) overshadow the hum. In ourexperiment, data are also affected by electronic glitches. We remove these signals from the seismic traceby subtracting average glitch signals; performing a linear regression; and using frequency-dependentresponse functions between pressure, horizontal, and vertical seismic components. This reduces the longperiod noise on the OBS to the level of a good land station. Finally, by windowing the autocorrelation toinclude only the direct arrival, the first and second orbits around the Earth, and by calculating its Fouriertransform, we clearly observe the eigenmodes at the ocean bottom.
Water vapor mapping on mars using omega mars expressAwad Albalwi
A systematic mapping of water vapor on Mars has been achieved using the imaging spectrometer OMEGA aboard the Mars Express
spacecraft, using the depth of the 2.6 mm (n1, n3) band of H2O. We report results obtained during two periods: (1) Ls ¼ 330–401
(January–June 2004), before and after the equinox, and (2) Ls ¼ 90–1251, which correspond to early northern summer
Crustal Structure from Gravity and Magnetic Anomalies in the Southern Part of...Editor IJCATR
The gravity and magnetic data along the profile across the southern part of the Cauvery basin have been
collected and the data is interpreted for crustal structure depths.The first profile is taken from Karikudito
Embalecovering a distance of 50 km. The gravity lows and highs have clearly indicated various sub-basins and ridges.
The density logs from ONGC, Chennai, show that the density contrast decreases with depth in the sedimentary basin,
and hence, the gravity profiles are interpreted using variable density contrast with depth. From the Bouguer gravity
anomaly, the residual anomaly is constructed by graphical method correlating with well data and subsurface geology.
The residual anomaly profiles are interpreted using polygon and prismatic models. The maximum depths to the granitic
gneiss basement are obtained as 3.00 km. The regional anomaly is interpreted as Moho rise towards coast. The
aeromagnetic anomaly profiles are also interpreted for charnockite basement below the granitic gneiss group of rocks
using prismatic model.
Hydrogeological Application of Refraction Seismicsiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
An Integrated Study of Gravity and Magnetic Data to Determine Subsurface Stru...iosrjce
:The present study wascarried out to delineate the location, extension, trend and depth of subsurface
structures of Alamein area. To achieve this aim, the gravity and aeromagnetic data have been subjected to
different analytical techniques. The Fast Fourier Transform technique was used to separatethe residual
components from the regional ones. The resulted maps showed that the area was affected mainly bytheENE, EW,
WNWand NWtectonic trends. In addition, spectral analysis technique was applied on magnetic anomalies to
estimate the depth to basement surface, which varies from 3.03 in southern part to 7.24 Km in northern part.3DEulerdeconvloution
and tilt angle derivative techniques were carried out to detect the edges of magnetic sources
and to determine their depths.Correlation between them shows acoincidence between Euler solution and zero
lines of tilt angle map. A tentative basement structure map is constructed from the integration of these results
and geological information. This map shows alternative uplifted and downfaulted structure trending in the ENE,
NE and E-W directions. In addition, the NNW to NW strike-slip faults intersected them in later events. Finally,
2-D modeling technique was run on three gravity and magnetic profiles in the same location. Different drilled
wells and the constructed basement structure map support these modeled profiles. Theyshow an acidic basement
rocks. A general decreasing of Conrad discontinuity depths from about 20.5 km at southern part to 17.9 km at
northern part can be noticed. Moreover, the crustal thickness (depth to Moho discontinuity), varies between
31.5 and 28.5 km revealing visibly crustal stretching and thinning northerly
Estimation of Dipping Angles of Refracting Interfacesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
Variations in the amount of water ice on Ceres’ surface suggest a seasonal wa...Sérgio Sacani
The dwarf planet Ceres is known to host a considerable amount of water in its interior, and areas of water ice were
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with time. The Dawn spectrometer data show a change of water ice signatures over a period of 6 months,
which is well modeled as ~2-km2 increase of water ice. The observed increase, coupled with Ceres’ orbital parameters,
points to an ongoing process that seems correlated with solar flux. The reported variation on Ceres’ surface
indicates that this body is chemically and physically active at the present time.
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Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
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What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
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DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
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IODP uses Syqwest's Bathy 2010 3.5 khz chirp profiler to conduct geo physical survey from the shore of japan to the shatsky rise, with great success!
1. Proc. IODP | Volume 324 doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.324.108.2010
Sager, W.W., Sano, T., Geldmacher, J., and the Expedition 324 Scientists
Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Volume 324
Introduction
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 324 had long tran-
sits from Yokohama, Japan, to Shatsky Rise; between the five sites;
and from Shatsky Rise to Townsville, Australia. In all, transits took
approximately one-third of the entire time allotted for the expe-
dition. Underway geophysical data were collected in international
waters during transit and between drill sites. Bathymetry and
magnetic data were collected using a 3.5 kHz CHIRP/echo-
sounder and marine magnetometer, respectively (Fig. F1). A gyro-
compass and a Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation sys-
tem were used for positioning the bathymetric and magnetic
data.
Methods
Navigation
The GPS navigation system was used throughout Expedition 324.
A Trimble DSM232 GPS receiver was used as the primary naviga-
tion device. GPS positions were continuously updated at 1 s inter-
vals and subsampled at 1 min intervals with a WINFROG software
system. Subsequent processing and display of navigation data
were performed using the Generic Mapping Tools software pack-
age (Wessel and Smith, 1995).
CHIRP/echo-sounder
A 3.5 kHz CHIRP/echo-sounder was used to acquire bathymetric
data as well as high-resolution subbottom seismic reflection data.
The 3.5 kHz system uses a SyQwest Bathy-2010 echo-sounder sys-
tem driven by a single EDO-type 323c transducer. The transducer
is mounted in a sonar dome located 45.5 m forward of the ship’s
moonpool. Digital bathymetry and Society of Exploration Geo-
physicists (file format “Y”) subbottom seismic data were recorded
on the SyQwest Bathy-2010 echo-sounder system during all tran-
sits.
Marine magnetometer
Total intensity measurements of the Earth’s magnetic field were
obtained with a Geometrics Model G-886 proton precession ma-
rine magnetometer towed ~300 m astern. Magnetic data were re-
corded at 3 s intervals and then reduced to 1 min intervals with
Data report: underway geophysics1
Moo-Hee Kang,2 William W. Sager,3 and the Expedition 324 Scientists3
Chapter contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1Kang, M.-H., Sager, W.W., and the Expedition
324 Scientists, 2010. Data report: underway
geophysics. In Sager, W.W., Sano, T., Geldmacher,
J., and the Expedition 324 Scientists, Proc. IODP,
324: Tokyo (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
Management International, Inc.).
doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.324.108.2010
2
Petroleum and Marine Division, Korea Institute of
Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 92 Gwahang-
no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Korea.
karl@kigam.re.kr
3Expedition 324 Scientists’ addresses.
2. M.-H. Kang et al. Data report: underway geophysics
Proc. IODP | Volume 324 2
navigation data produced by the WINFROG naviga-
tion software. In order to measure the effect of the
ship’s magnetic field with heading, a circular survey
(~7 km in diameter) was conducted while in transit
from Site U1349 to Site U1350 between Universal
Time Coordinated (UTC) 1055 h and 1215 h on 12
October 2009 (Fig. F2). This method was proposed
by Bullard and Mason (1961). The equation for pre-
dicting the effect of the ship’s magnetic field is:
FQ = F + C0 + C1 cosθ + C2 cos2θ + S1 sinθ + S2 sin2θ,
where θ is the ship’s heading measured clockwise
from north, FQ is the total field at location Q, F is the
ambient magnetic field, and C0, C1, C2, S1, and S2 are
constants dependent on the ship’s magnetic proper-
ties (Bullard and Mason, 1961). For a symmetrical
ship, the sine terms are negligible compared with the
cosine terms; therefore, we set S1 and S2 to 0. To min-
imize diurnal effects, the survey calibration circle
was conducted at night (time difference between lo-
cal time and UTC is +10 h). The circular survey was
conducted over a relatively flat portion of seafloor
(depth variation between 3242 and 3342 m) (Fig.
F3). Even though the International Geomagnetic
Reference Field (IGRF) values around the circular sur-
vey show only 40 nT differences (from 41,851 to
41,950 nT), the maximum differences observed are
as much as 100 nT (from 41,723 to 41,823 nT). The
measured magnetic data were plotted versus mag-
netic heading, and a best fit curve was computed
(Fig. F4). The computed heading correction con-
stants C0, C1, and C2 of the R/V JOIDES Resolution
from 300 m astern are
C0 = 48.16,
C1 = –52.61, and
C2 = 4.45.
Thus, the magnetic field errors generated by the ship
(FH) are expressed as
FH = 48.16 – 52.61 cosθ + 4.45 cos2θ.
The obtained constants C0 and C1 are higher than
previously reported results (C0 = –3.2 to 5.5; C1 =
–12.9 to –3.0) measured from other research vessels
(Bullard and Mason, 1961; Buchanan et al., 1996).
Higher constants are expected because of the length
of the JOIDES Resolution compared to the lengths of
other research ships. Even though the magnetometer
was towed 300 m astern, this distance is not suffi-
cient to avoid the ship’s magnetic effect. The ac-
quired total fields were reduced to magnetic anoma-
lies using the 10th generation IGRF coefficients
(McLean et al., 2004; Maus et al., 2005). Before cor-
rection of the ship’s heading effect, the maximum
track crossover errors are as much as 48 nT (root
mean square [RMS] = 20 nT) at track crossings. After
the ship’s heading effect was corrected, the cross-
overs are reduced to 13 nT (RMS = 9 nT). Herein, we
provide the results from both before and after the
ship’s heading correction.
Results
During Expedition 324, bathymetry data and marine
magnetic data were collected for 8559 km (Fig. F5).
The transits of the expedition were divided into six
legs and named sequentially (Transits EXP324-L1T–
EXP324-L6T) for convenient identification of each
transit (Table T1).
Bathymetry
Shatsky Rise contains three large volcanic massifs
(Tamu, Ori, and Shirshov), and the flanks of these
massifs typically have gentle slopes of ~1.5° (Sager et
al., 1999) (Fig. F6). During the first transit (EXP324-
L1T) from Yokohama to Site U1346, the ship passed
over the Japan Trench, a deep abyssal plain, and the
northern flank of the Ori Massif and ended at the
summit of Shirshov Massif (Figs. F6, F7). The deepest
part of the Japan Trench is deeper than 7000 meters
below sea level (mbsl), with a ~2.6° slope angle,
whereas the water depth of the abyssal plain ranges
from 5900 to 5600 mbsl, except over a seamount
(36°48.7970′N, 154°04.8012′E), which shallows up to
5200 mbsl. The northern flank of the Ori Massif has
a gentle surface with some high peaks and shallows
toward the Shirshov Massif. The seafloor bathymetry
between Sites U1346 and U1347 (Transit EXP324-
L2T) is characterized by several seamounts that shoal
to between 3900 and 3500 mbsl, jutting from a flat
plain at ~5000 mbsl (“Sliter Basin”) (Fig. F8). The
third transit (EXP324-L3T), from Sites U1347 to
U1348, crossed the northeast flank of Tamu Massif,
where water depth varies between 3000 and 3500
mbsl (Fig. F9). Bathymetry data were collected over
the summit of “Cooperation Seamount” while in
transit between Sites U1348 and U1349 (Transit
EXP324-L4T). The seamount has a steep flank and
twin peaks with the shallowest depth at 2700 mbsl,
as reported by Sager et al. (1999) (Fig. F10). The sum-
mit of Ori Massif is flat, and the flanks have a gentle
slope angle of ~1.2° on Transit EXP324-L5T (Fig.
F11). After drilling at Site U1350, the ship moved to
the southwest to pass over a high feature (4400 m)
within Helios Basin (Transit EXP324-L6T). The ship
then turned to the south over the western summit of
3. M.-H. Kang et al. Data report: underway geophysics
Proc. IODP | Volume 324 3
Tamu Massif (Fig. F12A). The summit has a broad,
dome-shaped feature, and the southern flank of the
massif has a ~2° slope toward the south. The depth
of the ocean floor surrounding the Shatsky Rise is
deeper than 5500 mbsl, and some sea knolls rise a
few hundred meters from the floor. The ship contin-
ued to move toward the south and crossed the Mar-
cus-Wake and Magellan seamount chains, which de-
veloped around the Jurassic Quiet Zone (Fig. F5). The
Marcus-Wake Seamounts show a west–northwest
trend, and numerous seamounts are scattered over
~400 km. Most of them have pointed peaks, but
some have flat tops (guyots) (Fig. F12B). Likewise,
the Magellan Seamounts show a trend of north–
northwest to south–southeast, and seamounts rise
above the surrounding ocean floor at ~6000 mbsl.
The ship passed through the Caroline Islands located
on the southern margin of the Mariana Basin and
over the western flank of Ontong Java Plateau, where
water depth ranges from 4000 to 2000 mbsl (Figs. F5,
F12C). Between the Ontong Java Plateau and the Sol-
omon Islands, the Kilinailau Trench lies with an ~30
km width. The Soloman Island arc is separated from
Solomon Basin by the New Britain Trench, the deep-
est point of which reaches below 7500 mbsl. Ba-
thymetry of Solomon Basin generally shoals to the
south up to 4000 mbsl. Another deep submarine ba-
sin, Woodlark Basin, is located between Woodlark
and Pocklington ridges.
Magnetic anomalies
Magnetic anomalies over the abyssal plain west of
Shatsky Rise vary from –250 to 250 nT and show
mostly positive anomalies except in a location over a
seamount (Fig. F7). However, near the northern part
of Ori Massif, the magnetic anomalies are again neg-
ative with low values of about –380 nT. The summit
of Shirshov Massif shows anomalies of –50 to 100 nT,
and between the southwestern flank of the Shirshov
Massif and the northern flank of Tamu Massif,
anomalies vary from –250 to 250 nT (Fig. F8). At the
northern flank margin of Tamu Massif, anomalies
fluctuate highly (between –400 and 400 nT) and
show mainly positive values toward the western
slope of the massif (Site U1347). Magnetic anomalies
in transit from Site U1347 to Site U1348 show posi-
tive values up to 250 nT (Fig. F9). In the confines of
Helios Basin, magnetic data show high positive
anomalies up to 450 nT, whereas over Cooperation
Seamount, magnetic data show weakly negative
anomalies (Fig. F10). On the summit of Ori Massif,
magnetic anomalies vary between –150 and 150 nT
(Fig. F11). Anomalies between Ori and Tamu massifs
fluctuate from –250 to 250 nT, but show mainly pos-
itive anomalies in the summit area of Tamu Massif
(Fig. F12A). On the southern slope of Tamu Massif,
magnetic anomalies show a deep trough of –300 nT
and fluctuate with mostly positive values toward the
abyssal plain where the Hawaiian magnetic linea-
tions are developed (Fig. F12A). However, from
~1100 km along the transit from Site U1350 to
Townsville over the Hawaiian lineations, magnetic
anomalies have very low amplitudes, except in the
regions of seamounts (Marcus-Wake and Magellan
seamount chains) (Fig. F12A, F12B). The area where
magnetic anomalies show low-amplitude features in
the western part of the mid-Pacific plate is known as
the Jurassic Quiet Zone (Tominaga et al., 2008) (Fig.
F5). These low-amplitude anomalies continued
southward to the Caroline Islands north of the On-
tong Java Plateau. At the Caroline Islands, magnetic
data show an anomalous high peak up to 800 nT,
whereas in the vicinity of the western flank of On-
tong Java Plateau, magnetic anomalies vary between
–150 and 150 nT (Fig. F12C). Deep troughs of nega-
tive magnetic anomalies less than –350 nT are
shown in the southwestern margin of Ontong Java
Plateau near the Kilinailau Trench and the Soloman
Island arc. Magnetic anomalies in the Solomon and
Woodlark basins also show mostly negative values,
but some high peaks of positive anomalies (~250 nT)
are observed around the Pocklington Ridge (Fig.
F12C).
Acknowledgments
This research used data provided by the Integrated
Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). We thank the tech-
nical staff and crew of the JOIDES Resolution during
Expedition 324 for their expertise, which made ma-
rine geophysical data collection possible. We also
thank H.-C. Han and J.-S. Hwang of Korea Institute
of Geoscience and Mineral Resources for advice on
analyzing ship’s heading effect on the magnetic mea-
surements. We are grateful to Benjamin Horner-
Johnson for his helpful suggestions to improve this
manuscript. This study was supported by the Korea
IODP grant from the Ministry of Land, Transport,
and Maritime Affairs, Korea.
References
Buchanan, S.K., Scrutton, R.A., Edwards, R.A., and Whit-
marsh, R.B., 1996. Marine magnetic data processing in
equatorial regions off Ghana. Geophys. J. Int.,
125(1):123–131. doi:10.1111/j.1365-
246X.1996.tb06539.x
Bullard, E.C., and Mason, R.G., 1961. The magnetic field
astern of a ship. Deep-Sea Res., 8(1):20–27. doi:10.1016/
0146-6313(61)90012-0
4. M.-H. Kang et al. Data report: underway geophysics
Proc. IODP | Volume 324 4
General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans, 2008. The
GEBCO_08 Grid: Liverpool (British Oceanographic Data
Centre). http://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/
gridded_bathymetry_data/documents/gebco_08.pdf
Maus, S., Macmillan, S., Chernova, T., Choi, S., Dater, D.,
Golovkov, V., Lesur, V., Lowes, F., Lühr, H., Mai, W.,
McLean, S., Olsen, N., Rother, M., Sabaka, T., Thomson,
A., and Zvereva, T., 2005. The 10th-generation Interna-
tional Geomagnetic Reference Field. Geophys. J. Int.,
161(3):561–565. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02641.x
McLean, S., Macmillan, S., Maus, S., Lesur, V., Thomson,
A., and Dater, D., 2004. The US/UK World Magnetic
Model for 2005–2010. NOAA Tech. Rep., NESDIS/NGDC-
1. http://www.geomag.bgs.ac.uk/documents/
wmm_2005.pdf
Nakanishi, M., Sager, W.W., and Klaus, A., 1999. Magnetic
lineations within Shatsky Rise, northwest Pacific Ocean:
implications for hot spot–triple junction interaction
and oceanic plateau formation. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid
Earth], 104(B4):7539–7556. doi:10.1029/1999JB900002
Sager, W.W., Kim, J., Klaus, A., Nakanishi, M., and Khank-
ishieva, L.M., 1999. Bathymetry of Shatsky Rise, north-
west Pacific Ocean: implications for ocean plateau
development at a triple junction. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid
Earth], 104(4):7557–7576. doi:10.1029/1998JB900009
Tominaga, M., Sager, W.W., Tivey, M.A., and Lee, S.-M.,
2008. Deep-tow magnetic anomaly study of the Pacific
Jurassic Quiet Zone and implications for the geomag-
netic polarity reversal timescale and geomatic field
behavior. J. Geophy. Res., [Solid Earth], 113(B7):B07110.
doi:10.1029/2007JB005527
Wessel, P., and Smith, W.H.F., 1995. New version of
Generic Mapping Tools released. Eos, Trans. Am. Geo-
phys. Union, 76(33):329. doi:10.1029/95EO00198
Initial receipt: 9 April 2010
Acceptance: 1 July 2010
Publication: 3 November 2010
MS 324-108
5. M.-H. Kang et al. Data report: underway geophysics
Proc. IODP | Volume 324 5
Figure F1. Illustration of underway geophysical data acquisition during Expedition 324.
H
Basement
Sediments Seafloor
Marine magnetometer
~300 m
Echo-
sounder
JOIDES Resolution
3.5kHz
6. M.-H. Kang et al. Data report: underway geophysics
Proc. IODP | Volume 324 6
Figure F2. Track line of clockwise circular survey for ship’s magnetic heading correction conducted in transit
from Site U1349 to U1350. Annotations are time in Universal Time Coordinated. Red dots along track are at 10
min intervals. Contours and colors indicate bathymetric depths using the 30 arc-s resolution GEBCO_08 grid
(General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans, 2008).
158°00'E 159°00'158°30' 159°30'
36°30'
N
36°00'
35°30'
km
0 20
-3500
-3500
-3500
-4000
-4000
-4000
-4500
Ori Massif
1100
1200
1300
1000
0940
1400
1417
Site
U1349 Site
U1350 -4000
7. M.-H. Kang et al. Data report: underway geophysics
Proc. IODP | Volume 324 7
Figure F3. Profiles of International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF), total magnetic field, magnetic
anomaly, and bathymetry of the circular survey. Time is Greenwich Mean Time.
42,000
41,800
41,600
200
100
0
-100
-200
11
W E
12 13
3500
Depth(mbsf)
3000
Magneticfield(nT)Magneticanomaly(nT)
Water depth
Magnetic anomaly
IGRF value
Observed value
0 5
km
Circular survey
Time (h)
8. M.-H. Kang et al. Data report: underway geophysics
Proc. IODP | Volume 324 8
Figure F4. Plot of variation of measured field with ship’s heading. Solid red line is computed best fit curve to
the measured magnetic field (blue circles) using the formula of Bullard and Mason (1961).
0 90 180
Ship’s heading (°)
Observedmagneticfield(nT)
270 360
41,700
41,750
41,800
9. M.-H. Kang et al. Data report: underway geophysics
Proc. IODP | Volume 324 9
Figure F5. Geophysical track lines collected during Expedition 324. Topography was made using the 30 arc-s
resolution GEBCO_08 grid (General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans, 2008). Red circles = Expedition 324 drill
sites, yellow dashed lines = Hawaiian and Japanese magnetic lineations (Nakanishi et al., 1999). CAR = Caroline
Islands, HML = Hawaiian magnetic lineations, JQZ = Jurassic Quiet Zone, JML = Japanese magnetic lineations,
MB = Mariana Basin, MS = Magellan Seamounts, MWS = Marcus-Wake Seamounts, PR = Pocklington Ridge, SB
= Solomon Basin, SIA = Solomon Islands arc, WR = Woodlark Ridge.
40°
N
20°
140°W 160° 180° 200°
0°
-20°
S
Ontong Java
Plateau
Townsville
Mid-Pacific
Mountains
Hess RiseYokohama Site U1349
Site U1346
Site U1350
Site U1348
JQZ
CAR
MB
MS
MWS
SB
SIA
Site U1347HM
L
JML
M3(125Ma)
M
12(135
M
a)
M
19(145
M
a)
M25(154 Ma)
WR PR
10. M.-H. Kang et al. Data report: underway geophysics
Proc. IODP | Volume 324 10
Figure F6. Bathymetric map of the Shatsky Rise using the 30 arc-s resolution GEBCO_08 grid (General Bathy-
metric Chart of the Oceans, 2008). Solid lines = ship tracks during transits, red circles Expedition 324 drill sites.
L1T = Transit EXP324-L1T (Fig. F7), L2T = Transit EXP324-L2T (Fig. F8), L3T = Transit EXP324-L3T (Fig. F9), L4T
= Transit EXP324-L4T (Fig. F10), L5T = Transit EXP324-L5T (Fig. F11), L6T = Transit EXP324-L6T (Fig. F12).
40°
N
36°
32°
152°E
L1T
L6T
L3T
L2T
L4T
156° 160°
Depth (mbsl)
7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000
164°
0 200
km
Site U1347
Site U1348
Site U1350
Cooperation
Seamount
Ori Massif
Sliter Basin
Shirshov Massif
Tamu Massif
Helios Basin
Site U1346
Site U1349
5000
4000
3000
5000
4000
5000
5000
4000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
5000
5000
5000
L5T
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Figure F7. Magnetic anomaly, bathymetry, and CHIRP profiles of Transit EXP324-L1T from Yokohama, Japan,
to Site U1346. See Figures F5 and F6 for location.
Magnetic anomaly
Corrected heading effect
500
250
0
-250
-500
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
4800
7200
9600
2000
0 200 400 600
Japan Trench Abyssal Plain
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Seamount
Northwest Pacific Basin
Distance (km)
Two-waytraveltime
(ms)
Depth(mbsl)Magneticanomaly
(nT)
North flank of
Ori Massif
Shirshov
Massif
W E
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Figure F8. Magnetic anomaly, bathymetry, and CHIRP profiles of Transit EXP324-L2T from Site U1346 to
U1347. See Figure F6 for location.
Magnetic anomaly
Corrected heading effect
500
250
0
-250
-500
3000
4000
5000
4000
5000
6000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
NE SW
Silter Basin
Shirshov Massif North eastern flank of Tamu Massif
Distance (km)
Two-waytraveltime
(ms)
Depth(mbsl)Magneticanomaly
(nT)
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Figure F9. Magnetic anomaly, bathymetry, and CHIRP profiles of Transit EXP324-L3T from Site U1347 to
U1348. See Figure F6 for location. Magnetic anomaly line is concealed by corrected heading effect line.
Magnetic anomaly
Corrected heading effect
500
250
0
-250
-500
3000
2500
3500
4000
4000
3000
5000
6000
0 50 100 150 200
S N
Tamu Massif
Distance (km)
Two-waytraveltime
(ms)
Depth(mbsl)Magneticanomaly
(nT)
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Figure F10. Magnetic anomaly, bathymetry, and CHIRP profiles of Transit EXP324-L4T from Site U1348 to
U1349. See Figure F6 for location. Magnetic anomaly line is concealed by corrected heading effect line.
Magnetic anomaly
Corrected heading effect
500
250
-250
-500
0
4000
2000
6000
4000
3000
5000
6000
0 50 100 150 200
S N
Cooperation Seamount
Helios Basin
Ori Massif
Tamu Massif
Distance (km)
Two-waytraveltime
(ms)
Depth(mbsl)Magneticanomaly
(nT)
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Figure F11. Magnetic anomaly, bathymetry, and CHIRP profiles of Transit EXP324-L5T from Site U1349 to
U1350. See Figure F6 for location.
Magnetic anomaly
Corrected heading effect
500
250
0
-250
-500
3000
4000
4000
5000
6000
0 20 40 60 80
W E
Ori Massif
Distance (km)
Two-waytraveltime
(ms)
Depth(mbsl)Magneticanomaly
(nT)
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Figure F12. Magnetic anomaly, bathymetry, and CHIRP profiles of Transit EXP324-L6T. See Figures F5 and F6
for location. A. Site U1350 to latitude 25°N. (Continued on next two pages.)
Magnetic anomaly
Corrected heading effect
500
250
0
-250
-500
2000
Helios Basin Abyssal plain
Ori Massif
Tamu Massif Sea knoll Sea knoll
3000
4000
5000
6000
4000
3000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
N S
Distance (km)
Two-waytraveltime
(ms)
Depth(mbsl)Magneticanomaly
(nT)
A
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Figure F12 (continued). B. Latitude 25°–10°N. (Continued on next page.)
Magnetic anomaly
Corrected heading effect
1000
500
0
-500
-1000
2000
4000
6000
4000
2000
6000
8000
N S
16001400 1800 2000 24002200
Mariana Basin
Marcus-Wake Seamounts Magellan Seamounts
2600 2800
Distance (km)
Two-waytraveltime
(ms)
Depth(mbsl)Magneticanomaly
(nT)B
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Figure F12 (continued). C. Latitude 10°N–12°S. Green dashed line = Equator. WR = Woodlark Ridge, PR = Pock-
lington Ridge.
Magnetic anomaly
Corrected heading effect
1000
5000
0
-500
-1000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
4000
2000
6000
8000
3000 3200
Caroline
Islands
Kilinailau
Trench New
Britain
Trench
Woodlark
Basin
WR
PR
3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600
N S
Distance (km)
Two-waytraveltime
(ms)
Depth(mbsl)Magneticanomaly
(nT)
4800 5000 5200 5400
Western flank of Ontong Java Plateau
?
C
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Table T1. Transit segments information for Expedition 324.
Transit From To
Distance
(km)
EXP324-L1T Yokohama, Japan Site U1346 1943
EXP324-L2T Site U1346 Site U1347 693
EXP324-L3T Site U1347 Site U1348 203
EXP324-L4T Site U1348 Site U1349 196
EXP324-L5T Site U1349 Site U1350 94
EXP324-L6T Site U1350 Townsville, Australia 5430