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16
Problem
Finding
Problem
Solving
1. Has a personal frame of reference
2. No existing or unique solution
3. Calling something a problem doesn’t
necessarily make it a real problem for a given
person or group.
4. The purpose of pursuing a real problem is to
bring about form of change, and/or contribute
something new to sciences, art, or humanities.
A real problem . . .
Renzulli
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17
Problem Finding
Power Privilege Injustice
Equity &
Equality
STEREOTYPES
AGEISM
POVERTYBODY TYPE
RACISM
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
20. 1/30/18
20
STEREOTYPES
AGEISM
POVERTYBODY TYPE
RACISM
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
This is a tiny
little article
about racism
or one of the
other isms
THE GUIDED
COMPREHENSION
DIRECT INSTRUCTION
FRAMEWORK
(McLaughlin & Allen, 2002a)
21. 1/30/18
21
(McLaughlin & Allen, 2002a)
Explain
what the critical literacy strategy is and how it works.
1
Problem Posing
Who is in the
text/picture/situation?
Who is missing?
Whose voices are
represented? Whose
voices are
marginalized or
discounted?
What are the
intentions of the
author? What does
the author want the
reader to think?
What would an
alternative
text/picture/situation
say?
How can the reader
use this information to
promote equity?
McLaughlin & DeVoogd (2004)
22. 1/30/18
22
(McLaughlin & Allen, 2002a)
Demonstrate
the strategy, using a think-aloud, a read aloud, and an
overhead projector or white board.
2
23. 1/30/18
23
(McLaughlin & Allen, 2002a)
Guide
the students to work in small groups or with partners
to create responses.
3
Who is in the text/picture/situation?
Who is missing?
Whose voices are represented?
Whose voices are marginalized or
discounted?
24. 1/30/18
24
(McLaughlin & Allen, 2002a)
Practice
by having students work with partners or independently
to apply the critical literacy strategy.
4
What are the intentions of the
author? What does the author
want the reader to think?
What would an alternative
text/picture/situation say?
25. 1/30/18
25
(McLaughlin & Allen, 2002a)
Reflect
on how the strategy helps students read from a
critical stance.
5
Explain
Demonstrate
Guide Practice
Reflect
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26
Problem Posing: Switching
• Students respond to
questions around
one of several
topics.
• Then they think
about how the story
would be different if
that element were
changed.
GENDER RACE
SETTING LANGUAGE
THEME EMOTION
Problem Posing: Switching
• Students respond to
questions around
one of several
topics.
• Then they think
about how the story
would be different if
that element were
changed.
27. 1/30/18
27
Problem Posing: Switching
• Students respond to
questions around
one of several
topics.
• Then they think
about how the story
would be different if
that element were
changed.
GENDER RACE
SETTING LANGUAGE
THEME EMOTION
28. 1/30/18
28
Problem Posing: The Rest of the
Story
• Students use prior
knowledge to
determine what is
missing or
underrepresented in
the story.
• Then use internet or
other resources to find
out the rest of the
story.
Problem Posing: Switching
• Students respond to
questions around one
of several topics.
• Then they think about
how the story would
be different if that
element were
changed.
GENDER SWITCH
Tell the story USING A DIFFERENT
GENDER FOR A MAIN CHARACTER
How would the story change?
31. 1/30/18
31
Alternate Perspectives
• Students CREATE
an alternative text
on the topic to
gain an alternate
perspective.
ALTERNATE PERSPECTIVE
Students can create an alternative
text, but that could be written, visual
(picture), song that represents a
different perspective
#readyourworld
33. 1/30/18
33
Are we ready to have the critical
conversations we need to have? Are
we willing to question the books that
are used? The novels that are
promoted? The kinds of conversations
and discourse we have in our
classrooms? And are we willing to
question our own practices?
#ILA
• Janks, M. (2013). Critical literacy in teaching and research. Education
Inquiry, 4(2), 225 – 242.
• McLaughlin, M., & DeVoogd, G. L. (2004). Critical literacy: Enhancing
students’ comprehension of text. N
New York, Scholastic, Inc.
Resources