This document discusses discourse analysis and its application to print media. It defines discourse analysis as the study of language use in context. There are four main types discussed: political discourse analysis, conversational analysis, media discourse analysis, and critical discourse analysis (CDA). CDA examines written and spoken language as social practices and can reveal how power relations are established and reinforced through language. The document applies CDA to the analysis of print media like newspapers, magazines, and other printed materials.

2. Kamran Ahmad
Registration Number: FA14MENG097
Supervisor: Anmol Ahmad
Department of Humanities, COMSATS Institute of
Information Technology, Virtual Campus, Islamabad
Study of discourse analysis and its
implementation on print media

3. • INTRODUCTION
 DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
 TYPES OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
 CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS (CDA)
 APPLICATION OF CDA
 CDA IN PRINT MEDIA
• LITERATURE REVIEW
• RESULTS
• DISCUSSION
• CONCLUSIONS
• ABSTRACT
Study of discourse analysis and its implementation
on print media
CONTENTS

4. DISCOURSE
Specific sense that HOW we use words for
the exchange of our ideas
Formal, orderly and
extended expression
of thoughts on a
subject
A linguistic unit,
larger than a sentence
- 1. Conversation
2. Story

5. DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
‘The use of language in a running discourse, continued
over a number of sentence and involving the interaction
of speaker in a specific situational context, within a
framework of social and cultural conventions’
WHYstudy discourse?

6. TYPES OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
1. Political discourse analysis
2. Conversational analysis
3. Media discourse
4. Critical discourse analysis

7. POLITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS (PDA)
 PDA emphases on discourse in political forums.
 WHAT specifically is political discourse??
 Political discourse is branded by its authors or actors
TYPES OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
• Political Discourse Analysis
• Conversational Analysis
• Media Discourse
• Critical Discourse Analysis
INSTITUTIONS
a. Political Dialogue
b. Parliament
c. Senate
ACTORS
a. Politicians
b. Prime Minister
c. President

8. CONVERSATIONAL ANALYSIS
 Conversational analysis is the analysis of the dialog
which we do with each other in our daily life
 PURPOSE of studying these interaction??
 Conversational analysis uncovers:
The tactics reasoning procedure
Sociolinguistics competencies
TYPES OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
• Political Discourse Analysis
• Conversational Analysis
• Media Discourse
• Critical Discourse Analysis

9. MEDIA DISCOURSE
Media discourse is the border term which can bring up to the
sum of how certainty is represented in
 Print Media, For instance: News paper
 Broadcast, For instance: TV and radio
TYPES OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
• Political Discourse Analysis
• Conversational Analysis
• Media Discourse
• Critical Discourse Analysis
Everyday Interactions Media Interactions
Everyday conversation overhear in the
public places
MI on TV or radio
EI takes place besides overhearing
audience
MI takes place in the presence of hearing
audience
Private sphere Public sphere
Ratified Unratified

10. CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
 CDA emerged in the late 1990 as a programmatic progress in European
discourse studies spearheaded by:
 Ruth Wadok
 Norman Fairlough
 Tean Van Dijk
 Amongst CDA specialists Van Dijk is prominent and most repeatedly
referenced and cited scrutiny of media discourse
 Firstly in 1980, he started to put on his studies on media scripts
TYPES OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
• Political Discourse Analysis
• Conversational Analysis
• Media Discourse
• Critical Discourse Analysis

11. Cont ...
CDA ,it is the type of DA which is extremely sensitive to ontext,democrative
methodology which takes a right stand on publics disputes having the goal
of refining the social order
1. Understanding of discourse may be different from that of the discourse
expert
2. Extending the possibility of scrutiny away from the documented,
broadening it to the intertextuality study.

12. APPLICATION OF CDA
 CDA talk about the usage of an collaboration of techniques for the examination of
written exercise and language as communal and social practices
 We derived the applied methods of CDA from frequent disciplinary arenas
 Speech act theory
 Narratology
 Pragmatics
 CDA uses logical apparatus to report determined queries about larger, culture,
relationships of group and gender

13.  The primary element of examination for CDA is the script
 Definite script types “genres” attend predictable social uses and purposes
 That is certain kinds of text endeavor to “do action "in public institutes with
expectable material an ideational properties
 Written scripts( text books,policies,business letters
 Verbal frontal communications. E.g. classroom lesson, clinical exchange, in
restaurant (service exchange)
 Different model, filmic electronic scripts and gestural scripts. For example,
Internet homepages
Cont ...

14. The study of manuals and work books of schools has concentrate on choosey
customs of beliefs ideas and demonstration
1. Scrutiny can refer to specific
2. Lexical selection, e.g., ”wording”, “naming's”
3. Structural illustration of organization and action e.g. “Mode and Modality
transitivity”
4. The usages of passive voice and active voice in the work book explanation of
“colonialization” of Americans
Cont ...
CDA consequently can file how the world is described

15.  The appearance of CDA has however three interconnected suggestions for
instructive education and sociology of learning
 Firstly, it punt ots the retheorisation of instructive exercise.
 Secondly CDA puts light out a new group of productive methods and
prospects.
 Thirdly, CDA describe the setting for reconsidering educational
exercise.
Cont ...

16. CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS IN PRINT
MEDIA
 MEDIA is very important medium or the social change and communication
 Books  Magazines and Newspapers
 Academic Journals  Posters
 Flyers
 Restaurant menucards
 Postcards  University Prospectus

17.  In the previous list, we excludes the three dimensional carriers if we relax the
paper criterion, than the range becomes wider
 Consumers goods packages in malls
 Printed T-shirts
 Mugs
 Bags
 Key rings, pens umbrellas
Cont ...