The 8th cranial nerve, also known as the vestibulocochlear nerve, carries sensory information about hearing and balance. It has two divisions - the cochlear nerve for hearing and the vestibular nerve for balance. The nerve exits the brainstem between the pons and medulla and crosses the posterior cranial fossa into the inner ear. Damage to the 8th cranial nerve can cause symptoms like hearing loss, vertigo, and loss of balance. Tests like the caloric test and Dix-Hallpike maneuver examine the vestibular component, while audiometry tests the cochlear component. Treatment may include rest, medications, exercises, or surgery to relieve severe symptoms.
glossopharyngeal nerve, origin an course and termination of glossopharyngeal nerve, functional component of the nerve, sensory and motor component of glossopharyngeal nerve, gag reflex
glossopharyngeal nerve, origin an course and termination of glossopharyngeal nerve, functional component of the nerve, sensory and motor component of glossopharyngeal nerve, gag reflex
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The seventh cranial nerve is an extremely important entity to dental professionals..... specially if we want to see that pretty smile on our patients face after we are done with the treatment. hence this was an effort to make a seminar on facial nerve. hope it helps you!!!
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
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A brief study material of glossophrayngeal nerve its relations and courses and importance on dentistry with diagrams and references in relation to dentistry.
The seventh cranial nerve is an extremely important entity to dental professionals..... specially if we want to see that pretty smile on our patients face after we are done with the treatment. hence this was an effort to make a seminar on facial nerve. hope it helps you!!!
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
The cochlear system is a critical part of the auditory system responsible for the sense of hearing.
The vestibular system plays a crucial role in maintaining static and dynamic balance in the human body as it provides the brain with information about the direction and strength of the gravitational force acting on the body.
A concise presentation about BPPV and Ménière's disease and other causes of vertigo, the difference between central and peripheral vertigo, symptoms and etiology and approach to physical examination and treatment.
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Provides a good description of the anatomy of the brainstem & cerebellum; their parts, structure, blood supply & a brief description of their functions.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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2. NTRODUCTION
8th cranial nerve
consists of two divisions:
2 components:
a) cochlear (hearing)
b) vestibular (equilibrium)
OBJECTIVES
1) Anatomy and
2) functions.
3) Blood supply
4)Clinical Significance
5) Examination
6) How to test
7) Treatment
3. Vestibulocochlear nerve VIII
•ANATOMY
The vestibulocochlear nerve [VIII] carries SA fibers for hearing
and balance,
consists of two divisions:
1. A Vestibular component for balance.
2. A Vochlear component for hearing.
1.The vestibulocochlear nerve
attaches to the lateral surface of the brainstem,
between the pons and medulla,
after emerging from the internal acoustic meatus and
crossing the posterior cranial fossa into the single nerve seen
in the posterior cranial fossa within the substance of the
petrous part of the temporal bone
5. Vestibular nerves
Vestibular nerves
• The vestibular nerves, joined by the cochlear nerve,
form the vestibulcochlear nerve.
• enter the pontomedullary junction near the lateral recess of
the fourth ventrlde.
• Whereas the cochlear fiben spilt dorsllly to reach the
Cochlear nudei,
the vestibular fibers split ventrally to terminate in
• 1. Vestibular nuclei (superior , lateral , medial and
inferior )
• 2. cerebellum (flocculonoclular lobe).
The flocculonoclular lobe functions with the semicircular
canals to detect rapid changes In direction.
• 3. Reticular formation.
6. Blood supply
The blood supply to the cochlea and auditory
brainstem nuclei arises from the internal auditory
(labyrinthine) artery, usually a branch of the anterior
inferior cerebellar artery.
The superior olivary complex and lateral lemniscus
are supplied by circumferential branches of the basilar
artery
the inferior colliculus is vascularized by branches of
the superior cerebellar and quadrigeminal arteries
whereas the medial geniculate bodies receive their
blood supply from the thalamogeniculate arteries.
Branches of the middle cerebral artery supply the
primary auditory and associated cortices
7. FUNCTIONS--8th cranial nerve
This is the nerve along which the sensory cells
(the hair cells) of the inner ear transmit information
to the brain.
It consists of the cochlear nerve, carrying
information about hearing, and
the vestibular nerve, carrying information
about balance.
It emerges from the pontomedullary junction and
exits the inner skull via the internal acoustic
meatus (or internal auditory meatus) in
the temporal bone.
The vestibulocochlear nerve carries axons of type
SSA (special somatic afferent)
8.
9. Clinical Significance
Symptoms of damage
Patients may present with pain in or behind the ear preceding
or appearing with the development of facial weakness.
There is inability to close the eye or move the lower face and
mouth
Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve may cause the
following symptoms:
hearing loss
vertigo
false sense of motion
loss of equilibrium (in dark places)
nystagmus is a condition of involuntary (or voluntary, in
some cases) eye movement
motion sickness
gaze-evoked tinnitus -is the perception of sound)
10. Examination
Method of testing:
A) For cochlear component
1) Rinne’stest
2) Weber’s test
3) Absolute bone conduction (ABC) test
4) Schwabach test
5) Audiometric test
6) Evoked response
B) For vestibular component
• 1) Rotationaltest.
• 2) Caloric test.
• 3) Dix Hallpikemaneuver for nystagmus.
• 4) Electronystagmography
15. Treatment
In the acute attack most patients require bed rest
accompanied by an injection or suppository to
relieve
the vomiting. In adults a prochlorperazine
suppository of 25 mg or an injection of 6.25–12.5
mg may
be useful. Frequent attacks may be treated with a
vestibular sedative such as cinnarizine or
betahistine, although there have been no proper
trials of
16. Treatment
treatment in the acute phase. Most treatment regimens
now use a graded approach, starting with
dietary changes with the elimination of caffeine and
vestibular sedative. Vestibular rehabilitation exercises
may also be used. About 80% of patients
respond to such measures but in those that do not,
surgery may be employed – either endolymphatic sac
Surgery or ablative therapy to destroy the affected
labyrinth or its function.
These procedures will produce deafness but can give
relief