Cranes are lifting machines that use pulleys and cables to lift heavy loads. Ancient Greeks invented early construction cranes, while modern cranes can be huge tower cranes with reaches of 800 meters used for infrastructure projects. There are different types of cranes like mobile cranes, tower cranes, overhead cranes and more. Mobile cranes can transport to sites and lift various loads, operating booms from ends with suspended hooks. Tower cranes are fixed to the ground with a horizontal boom balanced asymmetrically by a short counterweight arm and long lifting gear arm. Concrete mixers homogenously mix cement, aggregates and water to form concrete using revolving drums. There are twin shaft, vertical axis and drum mixers

1. CRANES

2. CRANE : DEFINITION
A crane is a lifting machine that principally works with the use of pulleys and
cables. For the construction industry, cranes are valuable assets because they
make working with heavy machinery and construction materials easy.
The ancient Greeks invented the first construction crane hundreds of years ago.
Modern day construction cranes are huge, taking up tons of material hundreds
of meters in height. For high end infrastructure projects, tower cranes are used
that have a reach as high as 800 meters.
WORKING OF CRANE
• Crane uses the pulley and cable system to create a
mechanical advantage so that large loads can be
lifted.
• Winders, cables, ropes, chains, and a basic level-
pulley system are essential parts of any type of crane.
• The lever and other simple machines make work
easier by decreasing the amount of force required to
accomplish lifting and moving tasks.
• Levers manipulate the torque involved and enable
construction engineers to lift heavy loads.
• A pulley serves its basic purpose, which is to
distribute the amount of weight needed to lift an
object.
• Inclusion of electronic components has made cranes
even easier to operate because the control remains
no more manual.

3. TYPES OF CRANES
Mobile Cranes
Telescopic Crane
Tower Crane
Truck Mounted Crane
Rough Terrain Crane
Loader Crane Overhead Crane
1. MOBILE CRANES
Mobile crane is a cable-controlled crane mounted on crawlers or
rubber-tired carriers or a hydraulic-powered crane with a
telescoping boom mounted on truck-type carriers or as self-
propelled models. They are designed to easily transport to a site
and use with different types of load and cargo with little or no
setup or assembly.
They are designed to easily transport to a site
and use with different types of load and cargo
with little or no setup or assembly.
Mobile cranes generally operate a boom from
the end of which a hook is suspended by wire
rope and sheaves. The wire ropes are
operated by whatever prime movers the
designers have available, operating through a
variety of transmissions. Steam
engines, electric motors, and internal
combustion engines (IC) have all been used.

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5. STATIC CRANES
Despite having a similar appearance to the traditional tower cranes, static cranes differ in that
the lattice mast is mounted on the slewing ring meaning that the whole tower rotates from one
fixed position.
They are fitted with a luffing jib which can be raised through 90-degrees from horizontal, with a
trolley and hoist block that can move along the length of the jib.
Lifting capacity: These will
vary depending on the length
of the jib, the position to
which the jib is raised, and the
position of the hoist block
along the length.
Static cranes tend to be used
for low capacity lifting and are
beneficial in that they tend to
allow for a closer approach to
the face of a building.

7. STATIC CRANE DETAILS

8. ABC
D
Radius of
the Boom
Location of the Tower Crane
Tower
Crane
Rohan Tapovan
Rohan Builders Pvt. Ltd.
(India)
Gokhale Nagar,
Near Mendhi Farm
Senapati Bapat Marg,
Pune.
Tower Cranes
• Fixed to the
ground
• Horizontal boom
is balanced
asymmetrically
• Short arm carries
a counterweight
of concrete blocks
• Long arm carries
the lifting gear

9. CONCRETE MIXER
• A CONCRETE MIXER IS A DEVICE THAT HOMOGENEOUSLY COMBINE CEMENT,
AGGREGATE(SAND & GRAVAL) AND WATER TO FORM CONCRETE.
• A TYPICAL CONCRETE MIXER USES A REVOLVING DRUM TO MIX THE COMPONENTS.
• FOR SMALLER VOLUME WORKS PORTABLE CONCRETE MIXERS ARE OFTENLY USED.
• THE CONCRETE MIXER WAS INVENTED BY A COLUMBUS INDUSTRIALIST GEBHARDT JAEGER

10. TYPES OF CONCRETE MIXER
• THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF CONCRETE MIXER
• (1) TWIN SHAFT MIXER
• (2) VERTICAL AXIS MIXER
• (3) DRUM MIXER
TWIN SHAFT CONCRETE MIXER
• TWIN SHAFT MIXERS ARE KNOWN FOR THIER HIGH INTENSITY
MIXING IN SHORT PERIOD OF TIME.
• THESE MIXERS ARE TYPICALLY USED FOR HIGH STRENGTH
CONCRETE IN BATCHES OF 2.6 – 7.8 CUBIC YARDS.

12. • VERTICAL AXIS MIXERS ARE MOST COMMONLY USED FOR THE
PRODUCTION OF COLOURED CONCRETE AND SMALLER BATCHES OF
O.98 – 3.9 CUBIC YARDS
VERTICAL AXIS MIXTURE

13. • DRUM MIERS ARE USED WHERE LARGE VOLUME OF CONCRETE IS BEING
PRODUCED.
• THE BATCHE SIZE IS RANGING FROM 3.9 – 12 CUBIC YARDS.
• THIS TYPE OF MIXERS DOMINATE THE READY MIXED MARKET AS IT IS KNOWN TO
BE CAPABLE OF HIGH PRODUCTION SPEED, IDEAL FOR SLUMP CONCRETE AND
WHERE OVERALL COST OF PRODUCTION IS IMPORTANT.
• DRUM MIXERS ARE KNOWN TO HAVE THE LOWEST MAINTANCE AND OPERATING
COST.ALL THE THREE TYPES OF MIXERS ARE USED TO VARYING DEGREE IN ALL
PARTS OF THE WORLD.
DRUM MIXER

14. TYPES OF DRUM MIXER
• DRUM MIXERS ARE BROADLY CLASSIFIED INTO TWO MAIN CATAGORIES:-
• (1) TILTING DRUM MIXER
• (2) NON-TILTING DRUM MIXER
TILTING DRUM MIXER NON-TILTING DRUM MIXER