construction equipment details

1. PPT ON CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT’S

2. CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT’S:
 Construction equipment’s for building construction and construction
machinery used in construction projects. Construction equipment
refers to heavy-duty vehicles specially designed for executing
construction tasks, most frequently involving earthwork operations
 They are also known as heavy machines, heavy trucks, construction
equipment, engineering equipment, heavy vehicles, or heavy
hydraulics.

3. TYPES OF HEAVY
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
EXCAVATORS
BACKHOE
DRAGLINE EXCAVATOR
BULLDOZERS
GRADERS
WHEEL TRACTOR SCRAPER
TRENCHERS
LOADERS
TOWER CRANES
PAVERS
COMPACTORS
TELEHANDLERS
FELLER BUNCHERS
DUMP TRUCKS
PILE BORING MACHINE
PILE DRIVING MACHINE

4. CONCRETE MIXING
AND PLACING
EQUIPMENT

5. CONCRETE MIXING AND PLACING
EQUIPMENT
• Concrete is the most familiar building element. The densest and strongest concrete is
that in which cement paste fills the voids with the sand and the resulting mortar fills the
voids in the coarse aggregate. Every grain of sand should be entirely coated with
cement. Before the invention of the mixing machine, the entire mixing process used to
be done by hand, shovel, shallow box

6. TYPES OF CONCRETE
MIXERS
• Based on Working Principles
• Batch Mixer
• Continuous Mixer
• Based on Mixing Methods
• Self Loading Mixer
• Compulsory Mixer
• Based on the shape of concrete mixers
• Pear-Shaped Mixer
• Drum Shaped Mixer
• Cone Shaped Mixer
• Vertical Shaft Pan Mixer
• Horizontal Shaft Mixer
• Based on the Discharging Method
• Rotary or Non-tilting Type
• Tilting Type

7. BATCH CONCRETE
MIXER
• Batch mixers are those into which measured ingredients are placed, mixed, and discharged as one
mass. This is in contrast to a continuous mixer, where materials are fed into the device continually,
creating an ongoing supply of the product.
• Features:
• Has extremely high capacity (batches of up to 1 thousand gallons or 3785 liters).
• Consists of drum mixers, pan mixers, and open-top mixers.
• Many types of batch mixers (e.g. Gravity, revolving drum, cube, etc).
• Gravity mixers are made stationary.
• Revolving mixers contain shelves and projections on the inside and drum is revolved to mix the
materials.

9. CONTINUOUS
CONCRETE MIXER
• Continuous mixers are those into which ingredients are fed continuously and discharge occurs
as a steady stream. The loading of materials is done continuously by screw feeders.
• Features:
• Productivity higher is than the batch mixer.
• Material proportion and mixing time are difficult to control.
• Feeding, mixing, and discharging processes go on in a longer mixing drum continuously.

11. SELF LOADING
CONCRETE MIXER
• Self-loading mixers are those which can automatically produce and transport concrete on-site.
• Features:
• Efficient as they can load them themselves (Don’t need any Auxiliary equipment!).
• Useful for small and narrow construction.
• Four-wheels drove, low pressures and wide tires, swing rear axles (provides good off-road performance).
• Motor and hydraulic system and electronic weighing system.
• Consists of a rotating drum mounted on an operator-driven cab-mounted chassis frame fitted with a
loading bucket.
• This type of mixer is best suited for sites where concrete batching plants are not available.

13. COMPULSORY
CONCRETE MIXER
Features:
Parts of twin-shaft
compulsory mixer:
Mixing device,
reducer, shaft-end
sealing, electric
lubricating oil
pump, discharging
system.
Equipped with
floating oil sealing
ring at each end
axis.
Full automatic
system.

14. ROTARY OR NON-TILTING TYPE
CONCRETE MIXER
Rotary mixers are not allowed to tilt
but use drum rotation about its
horizontal axis for discharging.
Features:
The drum is opened at two ends
where one end is for pouring and
another end is for discharge.
Rapid discharge is not possible
which may result in the segregation
of concrete sometimes.

15. TILTING TYPE
MIXER
• The tilting type mixer is a mixer with the rotating drum to discharge the concrete.
• Features:
• Mixes the ingredients while forward rotating and discharge downwards rapidly using gravity reversing
the mixer drum.
• Used to blend plastic and semi-dry concrete.
• Low noise, stable operation, and convenient movement.
• Mixing efficiency depends on the shape of the drum, angle of the drum, size, and angle of blades.

16. FORCED CONCRETE
MIXERS
• Forced mixers are specially for hard concrete, lightweight aggregate, and liquid concrete. This is
specially used in the concrete batching plant. The machine is specially designed to blend gravel
and resin evenly and consistently.
• Features :
• Have stirring blades equipped on the spindle arms.
• The disc vertical axis forced mixer can be divided into two types: Turboprop type and Planetary
type.

17. SELF PROPELLED CONCRETE
MIXERS
• Features:
• Have stirring blades ranged vertically on the inside wall of the mixing drum.
• The drum rotates horizontally when fed materials are lifted and materials fall down due to gravity.

18. Pear-Shaped Mixer Features
This is a self-loading concrete mixer.
Drum Shaped Mixer
This is a self-loading concrete mixer.
Cone Shaped Mixer Features
This a self-loading concrete mixer

19. VERTICAL SHAFT
PAN MIXER
• This is a Compulsory Concrete Mixer.
• It is not only applied in common or precast concrete but also in high-performance concrete.
• Consists of the frame, stirring cover, follow-up paddle, cylinder, lifting slider mechanism, electric part,
etc.
• There is a circular pan where concrete is mixed and blades arranged in star shape inside the pan

20. HORIZONTAL
SHAFT MIXER
• This is a Compulsory Concrete Mixer.
• Due to its horizontal design, the paddle mixer can easily mix a series of a wide range of aggregates
especially the massive ones to create a more uniform slurry.
• Well suited for lightweight as well as dry hard concrete.

22. EQUIPMENT'S OF
TRANSPORTING CONCRETE
• Discharge directly into forms through short chute
• By barrows:
• Wheel burrows and handcarts.
• Power barrows or power buggies
• Dumpers and trucks (agitating or non agitation)
• Monorail system
• Elevating towers and hoists
• Skips operated by cranes or overhead cable ways
• Belt conveyers and boom conveyers, it can use on small
location
• Tremie
• Concrete pumps and pneumatic placers
• Any combination of above.

23. DIRECT DISCHARGE, MANUAL TRANSPORT IN
CONTAINERS AND SHORT CHUTES
• Free fall of concrete over a height of 2 m should be avoided.
• Short chutes with proper lower end treatment (Concrete should be re-mixed at the lower end by passing
down through a funnel-shaped pipe or drop chute so that the concrete mix is workable and cohesive) are
simple to use and economical.
• Chutes which are Metallic, half round in section, stiffened at places may last to handle about 1500m3 of
concrete.
• Long chutes are less desirable as they have the tendency to cause segregation in the concrete mix.
Burrows
• Manual wheel burrow has capacity up to 80 kg of concrete (2.5 Cu-ft). It is used for long horizontal
distances.
• Power burrows' capacity is up to 800 kg and can be used for horizontal distances upto 300m. They can
also be used to haul concrete to a gradient of 20%. Part of the mixer is single burrow. If you take a part of
concrete in one burrow and the other part of concrete in another burrow, it might be problematic because
uniformity of concrete will be disturbed.

25. DUMPERS AND TRUCKS
• Dumpers and trucks (Horizontal transport) are used for long hauls. Because of the jolting on
the ground, ordinary trucks and dumpers tend to cause segregation of concrete during transit.

29. MONORAIL SYSTEM
• Monorail system needs a track and consists of a power wagon mounted on the single rail track, which can move at a speed of 80-90
m/min. This kind of tracks are used in construction of tunnels, dams and other such kind of constructions.
• Segregation of concrete may take place due to jolting of concrete in the wagon over each rail joint. Hence, wet mixes are generally
unsuitable for monorail transport. When the rail track runs over the slab form, the wagon can directly discharge on the form.
Elevating towers and hoists (Vertical transport)
Elevating towers are used for lifting concrete buckets, which can be distributed using a chute or by other means such as barrows,
etc. This kind of transport can be used for construction of multi-storey building, bridges and towers.
• Hoists operate on similar principle; a cantilever platform hoist operates along a steel lattice mast.
• Concrete skip can be used directly, that can till and discharge the concrete on some distribution system.

31. CRANES AND CABLE WAY (TWO OR THREE
DIMENSIONAL TRANSPORT)
Cranes and cableway is use for three dimensional purpose of transport. It can be used in projects where concrete is to
be transferred across a valley or some obstruction like a river, sea or road. Cranes can be used for various high rise
buildings and many other type of constructions also.
Cranes or cableways may be used for three dimensional transport of concrete. Cable way is useful in river valley
projects; cranes of various types are also useful in high rise building construction in congested sites.
Depending upon the site, cranes may be any one of the following types such as derrick crane, tower crane, crawler
mounted, or wheel mounted, or a hydraulic crane.
The main consideration in selecting the crane is height and radius of operation

32. BELT
CONVEYOR
• Belt conveyor is used for very short distance, not for large distances
• Belt conveyors needs small power.
• Discharge can be as high as 115 cu-m/hour on a narrow strip of belt the main consideration in selecting the crane is height and
radius of operations.
• Conveying concrete through a limited elevation of 30 degrees is also possible through belt conveyors.
• For wet mixes the capacity of the belt is reduced as the inclination through which concrete can be lifted is also lowered.
• It is recommended that low slump concrete be used for slower moving belts and higher slump concrete by faster moving belts.
• Concrete tends to segregate in steep inclines as the belt passes over the rollers, this problem is less acute in drier mixes, and
segregation at the discharge point may be avoided using proper hopper and the chute arrangement.
• In case of a breakdown of machines, large amount of concrete in the belt needs removal by other means and the belt is to be
cleaned and washed.
• Their initial cost of setting up is also high.

34. TREMIE
• The most common way to use concrete under water is tremie; this is
done by tremie pipe. There are 2 retaining walls beside the tremie
pipe. This pipe is made piece by piece, and concrete is discharged
at the bottom. Only the cement of top surface will contact with water,
rest of the concrete will not contact with the water. The other method
which can be used for mixing and can transport over a large
distance is through "ready mixed concrete". This is very much used
where the area is congested and one cannot mix the concrete on
site

35. TREMIE SETTING :

36. THANK YOU …