Covering Coup 101
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Six coup attempts were made from 1986 to 1987 to overthrow Philippine President Corazon Aquino's government. Some coups supported the exiled former president Ferdinand Marcos while others were launched by military rebels. All of the coup attempts ended in failure. The most serious attempt was in December 1989 and resulted in 99 deaths, including 50 civilians, and 570 wounded. The United States supported the Aquino government by using airpower from aircraft carriers to deter the rebels.
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- 4. From July, 1986 through August, 1987, six attempts were made to overthrow President Corazon Aquino's government. Some of the coups were in support of the exiled former- president Marcos, and some were launched by members of the Reform the Armed Forces Movement (RAM) . All ended in failure. Asadahdlkjsalkfjsdfjdhskasadj flsadkl…….
- 5. Manila Hotel plot (July 6-8,1986)-500 armed soldiers and 5,000 civilians loyal to Ferdinand Marcos occupied the Manila Hotel for 37 hours. This confrontation ended peacefully. "God Save the Queen" plot (November 22, 1986)-- Rebel troops attempted to march on the government but were blocked by loyal troops. The rebels returned peacefully to their barracks. Coup Attempt "GMA-7 Incident" (January 27-29, 1987)-- Rebel soldiers led by Colonel Oscar Canlas seized control of the main compound of GMA Network (a television network) in Quezon City, while other troops unsuccessfully attempted to capture the Sangley Point Air Force Base in Cavite. One rebel soldier was killed, and thirty five people were injured.
- 6. "Black Saturday" incident (April 18, 1987)-56 rebel soldiers raided Fort Bonifacio. Loyal troops beat back the attack, killing 1 rebel soldier. Manila International Airport plot (July 5,1987)--Rebel troops plotted another coup attempt through a military takeover of the Manila International Airport. The plan was never executed due to a leak to the authorities. Several military officers were arrested. Coup attempt (August 28-29,1987)-Military coup led by Colonel Gregorio Honosan in which the presidential palace and several military bases were attacked by rebel forces. Loyal troops defeated this rebellion. This attempted coup resulted in 53 dead and more than 200 wounded. Most of the casualties were civilians. Honosan was arrested after several months on the run, but later escaped and led the 1989 Coup Attempt.
- 7. Coup Attempt (December 1-9, 1989)--The most serious coup attempt against President Aquino. The official casualty list included 99 dead (including 50 civilians) and 570 wounded. Under orders from President George H.W. Bush, the United States military supported the Aquino government during this coup. Operation "Classic Resolve" involved the use of U.S. airpower from the USS Midway and USS Enterprise aircraft carriers and F-5 fighters from Clark Air Base in the Philippines. The U.S. planes had clearance to "...buzz the rebel planes at their base, fire in front of them if any attempted to take off, and shoot them down if they did". From Historyguy.com Aasaasdsajhfdsaasdasfasd asf………
- 9. …a sudden decisive exercise of force in politics; especially : the violent overthrow or alteration of an existing government by a small group
- 10. 1 M A N I P U L A T I O N Cited on the 7th Paragrah of Covering the Coup It may be true that there were media agents of the rebellion. Acting without regulation, media can also act as neutral agents. However, media can be manipulated by either side for their purposes. Without proper regulations, the media can be manipulated by either party in abuse to media’s role as deliverer of information.
- 11. 2B I A S Due to the manipulation that may occur, the media will have a tendency to favor the other party. Thus, violating their role in fair reportage. 3I N A C C U R A C Y The chaotic scenario during Coups affects negatively the reportage of media people. Cited on paragraph 10 Clearly, in a time of violent attack that reduces streets into combat zones, a reporter can only be at one place at a time. They can give only a part of the picture which may be a dubious one at that.
- 12. 4 P H Y S I C A L H A R M
- 13. October 1987 – President Aquino files a libel suit against journalist Luis Beltran for writing in his column that she “hid under the bed” while government troops were battling mutineers in August 1987. On October 22, 1992, Beltran and Soliven were convicted of libel, but the decision was reversed by the Court of Appeals on July 12, 1993.
- 14. To avoid such risks… In a roundtable consultation with journalists and lawyers in December 1987, convened by the National Media Council (later to be named Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility), there was an agreement that when there is a coup, or in a situation of similar imminent danger to the state, government’s sovereign power allows it to take radical steps to curtail or control normal operations of media. Cited on Paragraph 6