This document discusses countable and uncountable nouns in English. Countable nouns can take plural forms by adding 's' or changing the ending, like 'dog-dogs' or 'baby-babies'. Some countable nouns are irregular. Uncountable nouns refer to materials, feelings, qualities, and ideas. They do not have plural forms and take singular verbs. Some nouns can be countable or uncountable depending on meaning.

1. COUNTABLE NOUNS /UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

2. COUNTABLEAdd s to the singular noun to make the plural formdog – dogs car – cars book – bookstable – tables

3. If a countable noun ends in ch, s, x, sh, o, add es to make the plural form:bus – buses watch – watches potato – potatoes bush– bushes

4. If a countable noun ends in a consonant + y, it changes toi an add es: baby – babies fly– flies

5. If a countable noun ends in f or fe, you change the f to vand add sor es: thief – thieves leaf- leaves wife – wives knife – knives

6. Some countable nouns have irregular forms:man– menwoman – womenperson – peoplechild – children tooth– teethfoot– feetmouse – micelouse – liceox – oxengoose – geesefish – fish sheep – sheep

7. Use a singular verbwith singular countable nouns.The childis happy.

8. Use a plural verbwith plural countable nouns. The childrenaren’t happy.

9. Some nouns are always plural. You use a plural verb.scissors, police, trousers, glasses, pyjamas, tights, pliers, jeans, shorts, clothes, outskirts, surroundings, pants, knickers, valuablesThe policearecoming. My glassesneed cleaning. These jeansdon’t fit me.

10. UNCOUNTABLEUncountable nouns are normally singular. They don’t have a plural form, so you can’t add s to the noun.

11. Uncountable nouns refer to:Materials / Substances air, water, milk, bread, butter, cheese, coffee, fruit, coffee, coal, ice, iron, steel

12. Feelingsanger, happiness, joy, pride, respect, reliefHuman Qualitiescourage, cruelty, honesty, patienceAbstract Ideasfreedom, beauty, death, fun, luck

13. Use a singular verbwith an uncountable noun. The wateris cold.Apple juice is sweet.Milktastes nice.

14. Don’t use the articles a or an with uncountable nouns. I need aninformation.I need information.

15. noise, coffee,hair, time, exercise, glasscan be countable or uncountable but the meaning changes.I’d like a coffee, please. We need coffee and sugar. Did you hear a noise? There’s too much noise. I can’t work.

16. Uncountablenouns in English:accommodation, advice, baggage, behaviour, damage, equipment, evidence, furniture, garbage, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, noise nonsense, music, petrol, pollution, progress, research, rubbish, spaghetti, travel, traffic, transport, weather, work.

17. Some uncountable nouns end in –s and look like plural count nounsSubjects of study: maths, physicsActivities: athletics, gymnasticsGames: cards, dartsIllnesses: measles, mumps