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Cough
Cough can be acute (<3 weeks) or chronic (>8 weeks) and is usually caused by upper respiratory tract viral infections for acute cough and smoking, asthma, or gastroesophageal reflux disease for chronic cough. The types of cough include bovine/feeble cough with hoarseness seen in lung cancer, barking cough with hoarseness seen in laryngitis or epiglottitis, moist cough seen in bronchitis or bronchiectasis, and whooping cough seen in pertussis. Sputum can indicate various lung conditions and is characterized by its color and consistency, with foul smelling sputum indicating infections like bronchiectasis or lung abscess. Hemoptysis in sputum
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Cough
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- 2. + Introduction :- Forced explosivemaneuver against an initially closed glottis. Acute <3 weeks Chronic > 8 weeks Most common cause :- Acute - URT viral infections Chronic – Smoker, BA , GOERD, Sinus disease.
- 3. + Types of cough:- BOVINE COUGH / FEEBLE NON EXPLOSIVE COUGH WITH HOARSENESS • Lung CA causing recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. • Neuromuscular disorders leading to Respiratory muscle weakness. BARKING COUGH WITH HOARSENESS/ RASPING OR CROAKING SOUND • Laryngitis, epiglottitis MOIST COUGH • Acute – Bronchitis / Bronchiectasis • Chronic – Bronchitis / smokers cough WHOOPING COUGH • Pertussis DRY COUGH • Pneumonia, ILD, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Asthma, Ace inhibitors
- 4. + Sputum It ismucous produced from respiratory tract. Normal is 100ml. Serous Clear, watery, frothy, pink Acute pulmonary oedema Alveolar cell cancer Mucoid Clear, white Chronic Bronchitis, COPD, Purulent Yellow Green Acute bronchitis, Asthma Lung abscess Bronchiectasis Pneumonia Rusty Red Pneumococcal Pneumonia
- 5. + Large volumes ofSputum Pulmonary oedema Alveolar cell cancer Bronchiectasis, Lung abscess, Emphysema Foul Smell Sputum Bronchiectasis Lung abscess Empyema
- 6. + Sputum with Blood Malignancy InfectionTB Lung abscess Bronchiectasis Vascular Pulmonary infarction Pulmonary thromboembolism Chest trauma Cardiac diseases e.g LVF Anticoagulant use Blood dyscrasias e.g haemophilia Vasculitis
- 7. + Red flags ofCough Haemoptysis Breathlessness Fever Chest pain Weight loss
- 8. + X-ray in Cough Normal ChestX-ray Abnormal Chest X- ray Acute cough (<3 weeks) Bronchitis (URI) Inhaled irritants dusts or fumes Pneumonia Engulped foreign body Chronic cough (>8 weeks) Asthma GOERD Rhinitis/Sinusitis Smoking Ace inhibitors Lung Tumor Tuberculosis ILD Bronchiectasis
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