4. ▪ It’s simply the Heat Energy of the Earth,
Generated by various natural processes,
such as;
▪ A) Heat from the formation of the planet
earth, which has not yet been lost
▪ B) Decay of radioactive elements
▪ C) Friction
How GeoThermal Energy comes to
surface?
▪ The GeoThermal Gradiant is the difference in
temprature between the core of the planet
and its surface, drives a contineous
conduction of thermal energy in the form of
heat from the core to the surface.
4
What is Geothermal Energy?
7. ▪Geo Thermal Energy Heat From the interior of the
Planet Earth, has been utilized by mankind since its
existence.
▪Hot Springs and pools has been used for bathing and
Health treatment and also for cooking and heating.
This has also been used in past for producing salt from
hot brine.
7
8. ▪Interestingly in many
ancient civilizations the
resources of the Geo
Thermal Energy were
considered as religious
places and places of divine
power and still in some
regions of the world this
believe continues.
▪Natural Springs where
water emerges from
underground have been
symbols of life and power in
Civilization
8
11. Hot Spring
▪A hot spring is a spring produced by the emergence of exothermally
heated groundwater that rises from the Earth's crust. There are
geothermal hot springs in many locations all over the crust of the earth.
While some of these springs contain water that is a safe temperature for
bathing, others are so hot that immersion can result in injury or death.
Water issuing from a hot spring is heated exothermally, that is,
with heat produced from the Earth's mantle. In general, the temperature
of rocks within the earth increases with depth. The rate of temperature
increase with depth is known as the geothermal gradient. If water
percolates deeply enough into the crust, it will be heated as it comes into
contact with hot rocks. The water from hot springs in non-volcanic areas
is heated in this manner.
11
12. BOILING MUD POT
▪Mud pots are actually hot springs or fumaroles with limited
amounts of water but a lot of clay from surrounding rock and
soil causing a boiling slurry. Mud pots form where steam and
gas rise from underground into rainwater ponds. The acidic
gas transforms rocks on the surface into a clay which mixes
with the heated pond water into mud. The steam heats the
mud and makes it bubble. Some mud pots can reach boiling
temperatures. Fumaroles are steam vents through which
steam and gases escape from deep under the earth
12
13. Geyser
▪Geysers are of the dry steam power plant type, where the
steam directly powers the generator.[5] In general, the Geysers
has 1517 MW[14] of active installed capacity with an average
production factor of 63% (955 MW).The Geysers is the world's
largest geothermal field, containing a complex of 22 geothermal
power plants, drawing steam from more than 350 wells, located
in the Mayacamas Mountains approximately 72 miles (116 km)
north of San Francisco, California.
13
15. There are two types of uses of
the GT Energy
▪Direct Use
▪In Direct Use
16. Direct Use
oHot Spring used as spas
oHeating water at Fish
Farms
oProvide heat for
buidlings
oRaising plants in
Greenhouse, Drying Crops
oProvide Heat to Industrial
processes
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18. Power Generation from Steam (GT
Energy)
▪There are three types of Power Plants operated on
the Steam obtained from the earth (Geo Thermal
Energy)
▪1. Dry Steam power plant
▪2. Flash Steam Power plant
▪3. Binary Steam Power Plant
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26. 26
Advantages
Available all year around
Does not involve any combustion of the Fuel.
Independent of Weather
Clean resource, very little emission or overall
environmental impact.
Economically sound alternative, The fuel is
free
Sustainable Energy source
Low Cost yet Efficient.
27. 27
Disadvantages
Not widespread source of Energy.
High Installation Cost.
Earth Quacks.
Construction of plant can effect the Stability of the land.
Drilling needs more energy.
Steam can contain toxic Gases.
29. Pakistan is among the naturally gifted countries that are
rich in conventional and renewable energy resources.
Despite the massive potential of energy resources,
Pakistan is still an energy deficient country and have to
import petroleum products to barely accomplish its
energy demand. Geothermal energy is
still one of the unexplored energy resources for electric
power generation in Pakistan. Pakistan can overcome the
energy shortage to a significant level by harnessing
renewable energy resources, such as,
geothermal energy. Majority of the geothermal hot springs
and mud volcanoes exists within the seismic belt of
Pakistan.
30. Supply and Demand Graph of Pakistan Energy
Do We have Geothermal Energy?
This Graph shows the
gap between
Generation and
Consumption of
Energy In Pakistan
Stating How
desperately we need
Some alternative
source of Energy who
can Fill This gap.
But The Question Is…
31. And the answer to this question
is Yes we do have GT Energy.
Not in small quantity but in Bulk.
This Graph shows the
Magnitude and Locations of
Sources of GT Energy.
34. 34
These are places where GT Energy is Discovered and The Most
important Column of this Chart is CPG which Stands for Current
Power Generation and Unfortunately Pakistan is not Producing a
single Unit of Energy from these Reservoirs in Pakistan.
Is there anyone else using It?
37. Conclusion
Renewable energy generation plays a pivotal role in the development of
the country. In renewable sector, geothermal energy is more cheap production, as
compared with the conventional energy prices.
With proper surveying the site and data analysis, controlled geo-thermal plants will
yield features, such as: (a) cheap energy, (b) stable power output, (c) grid-support, and
(d)financial development of the
country. The present study of the geo-tectonics suggests that Pakistan lie on the
junction of tectonic plates. Therefore, the country is abundant in geothermal energy
resources. Pakistan should take part in practical implementation of aforementioned
resources to overcome long term energy crisis. The review is further strengthened by
addressing the geothermal active zones of Pakistan. Various hot springs are located
along MKT, MMT, and MBT in Pakistan. Furthermore, in Makran region along coastal
belt several mud volcanoes are identified. Moreover, indications of Quaternary
Volcanism in Chagai Volcanic Arc. The review further explained that majority of the
springs and volcanoes possess moderate temperature range. Pakistan has the
potential to generate electricity from the moderate temperature steam using Binary
Cycle and Rankine Cycle Power Plants to overwhelm the energy shortage. Moreover,
practically active geothermal plants are also critically and analytically investigated and
reviewed as different case studies in detail.
In near future, data from various sites of geothermal will be collected and analyzed.
Moreover, based on various case studies and historical plants, recommendations will
be finalized and proposed model will be critically investigated.
