Cotton is one of the most important cash crops for India. It is the second largest producer and consumer of cotton globally after China. India accounts for 26% of the world's cotton area and 36% of production. The cotton industry is a major contributor to the Indian economy, providing livelihoods for millions of farmers and others. However, Indian cotton yields remain lower than other major producers like the US. Various government initiatives aim to improve cotton productivity, quality and farmer incomes through contract farming, demonstrations of best practices, and the Technology Mission on Cotton. While organic cotton production remains low in India, there is scope for growth in this sector to meet increasing demand from international retailers.
3. INTRODUCTION
Most traded commodities in the
World
Global Industry- USD $77 billion
Major Cash Crop of India
India is a 2nd largest Exporter in
the World
GDP- 4% (2015-16)
Production- 35.2 Million Bales
45 Million people directly involve
& 60 Million people indirectly
involved in cotton trade in India
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Cotton
Fiber
Textiles
Seeds
Meal
Hulls
Oil
4. COTTON PRODUCTION ON MAP
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7%
21%
28%
3%
5%
4%
8%
1%
1%
Source: Cotton Advisory Board
India is 2nd
largest
producer and
consumer of
cotton in the
world after
China
5%
6. WORLD
Rest of
World
64%
India
36%
Area in Million Hectares
Rest of
World
74%
India
26%
Production in Million MT
Total Area Used for
Cultivation
29.24 Million Hectares Total Production 22.85 Million Metric Ton
Data For Year 2015-16
Source: http://cotcorp.gov.in
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9. DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
Cotton Corporation of India (CCI) - developmental activities
Objective - Improving the quality, yield and total income of the farmers
2002-03, Integrated Cotton Cultivation (Contract Farming)
2014-15,Contract farming with Front Line Demonstration (FLD) Programme
Provide Guidance of Modern Farming, Arranging frequent visit of Scientist/Technical
Expert, Supply the essential input ( Seed, Pesticides, Fertilizer, Bio-fertiliser etc.)
Technology Mission on Cotton
Launched in February 2000 in the course of IXth plan
Objective- To bring about tangible improvements in the productivity and
quality of cotton
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10. THE COOLIE’S FRAMEWORK
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Factor
conditions
Resources: Soil, Seed, & Irrigation/Rainfed
Assets: Agriculture land
Awareness: People are aware about the available natural resources
Ability: They have ability to utilize the available resources
Access: Limited access of resources and infrastructure
Demand
conditions
Textile industry of Maharashtra, Gujrat, Panjab etc.
International demand
Market demand is increasing day by day
Institutional
conditions
Cotton Corporation of India (CCI) – Involved in developmental activities
Technology Mission on Cotton
Better cotton initiative (BCI)
Industry
conditions
Economic Activity-
The major centers of the cotton industries in India are – Mumbai, Akola, Sholapur, Pune, Nagpur, Sata
(Maharashtra); Ahmadabad, Surat, Baroda, Rajkot, Bhavnagar (Gujarat); Indore, Gwalior, Jabalpur,
Bhopal (Madhya Prades Kanpur, Lucknow, Agra, Saharanpur, Modinagar, Varan; Rampur (Uttar
Pradesh); Kolkata (W. Bengal); Chennai, Coimbator Madurai (Tamil Nadu); Ludhiana, Amritsar (Punjab);
Bangalore (Kamataka); Panipat (Haryana) and Delhi
Agriculture land: 105 Lakh Hectares
Production: 351 Lakh Bales of 170 kg each
Industry is growing with the rate of 4% and 4.7% alternatively
11. CHALLENGES FACED IN INDIA
Lack of irrigation facilities
Uncertainty about cotton production
Very low cotton yields per hectare
Lack of infrastructure
Problem of admixtures
Competition from other fibres
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12. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES
Cotton consumes 44.5% of the total pesticides used in the country
Cotton accounts for about 6% of the total fertiliser consumption in
India
Excessive chemical fertilisers in cotton production has led to soil
salinization
In India, 27%–60% of the irrigated land under cotton suffers from
some degree of salinization
Cotton is dependent upon the use of nitrogenous fertilisers and
soil water storage to maintain high levels of production. Losses of
nitrogen to the atmosphere and nitrate leaching have high global
warming potential.
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13. SCOPE
Almost 65% of the area under
cotton cultivation is rain-fed and
only 35% of it is irrigated in India
The world cotton market is
estimated at USD $90 billion for
2016/17 (source: ICAC 2016)
India's cotton production is
expected to grow by 3.8 per cent
year-on-year to 35.1 million
bales of 170 kg each for the year
2016-17
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400
600
800
1000
1200
Cotton Yield
India World USA
Kg/HA
14. SCOPE FOR ORGANIC COTTON
Organic initiatives were introduced to cotton in the 1990s
Market share of little less than 0.2% today and the area under organic
cotton cultivation is close to 0.76% of the total cotton production
In 2008/09, 175,000 tonnes of organic cotton were produced, as against
the total cotton production of 23.4 million tonnes
In 2005, OC was selling 20-25 cents per pound more than regular
cotton, But due to lack of enterprise and infrastructure the gap is very
less now
The demand for Better Cotton was created by retailers like IKEA, Marks
& Spencer, Levi’s, Adidas, and H& M. Later, several partners of the
global retailers joined in the process
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