La cosmetovigilancia es la actividad destinada a la recogida, evaluación y seguimiento de la información sobre los efectos no deseados observados como consecuencia del uso normal o razonablemente previsible de los productos cosméticos.
Pharmacovigilance is the science of monitoring the effects of medicines after they have been licensed for use, in order to identify new safety hazards and assess risks and benefits. It aims to improve patient care and safety in relation to medicine use. The thalidomide disaster in the 1960s demonstrated the need for formal pharmacovigilance systems to detect adverse drug reactions. Spontaneous reporting by healthcare professionals and mandatory reporting by manufacturers are key methods for collecting information on adverse drug events. Reports are assessed for causality and contribute to the ongoing evaluation of medicines to ensure their safe and effective use.
The document provides an overview of pharmacovigilance in India, including:
1) The history of adverse drug reactions and establishment of regulatory systems following tragedies like thalidomide.
2) The development of India's national pharmacovigilance program over time, from regional centers established in 1986 to the current Pharmacovigilance Programme of India.
3) The functioning of the National Coordination Centre and monitoring centers like NRSMCH in Kolkata, including their roles in adverse reaction reporting and analysis to improve patient safety.
Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. It plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and monitoring the risks associated with pharmaceutical products throughout their lifecycle, from pre-market clinical trials to post-marketing surveillance.
Here are some key aspects of pharmacovigilance and drug safety:
Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Monitoring: Pharmacovigilance systems aim to identify and monitor adverse drug reactions, which are harmful and unintended responses to medications. Healthcare professionals and patients are encouraged to report suspected ADRs to regulatory authorities or pharmacovigilance programs, enabling the ongoing collection and analysis of safety data.
Signal Detection: Pharmacovigilance activities involve the systematic monitoring and analysis of safety data to identify potential signals or patterns that may indicate new or previously unrecognized risks associated with a drug. This involves the use of various tools and methods, such as data mining, statistical analysis, and signal management, to detect and investigate potential safety concerns.
Benefit-Risk Assessment: Pharmacovigilance plays a critical role in assessing the balance between the benefits and risks of medications. By collecting and analyzing safety data from various sources, including clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance, regulators and healthcare professionals can evaluate the overall benefit-risk profile of drugs and make informed decisions regarding their use.
Regulatory Reporting: Pharmaceutical companies are required to report safety data and suspected adverse reactions to regulatory authorities as part of their regulatory obligations. These reports provide important information for regulatory decision-making, including labeling updates, contraindications, or restrictions on drug use.
Post-Marketing Surveillance: Once a drug is approved and available on the market, pharmacovigilance activities continue to monitor its safety in real-world clinical practice. Post-marketing surveillance systems track and evaluate the safety of drugs in larger and more diverse patient populations, detecting rare or long-term adverse events that may not have been identified during clinical trials.
Risk Management Strategies: Pharmacovigilance also involves the development and implementation of risk management strategies to minimize or mitigate known risks associated with specific drugs. This may include prescribing restrictions, monitoring requirements, educational materials for healthcare professionals and patients, and communication of safety information.
International Collaboration: Pharmacovigilance operates on a global scale, with international collaboration and information sharing being essential for timely detection and response to drug safety issues. Regulatory agencies, healthcare organizations, and pharmacovigilance netw
Drug Safety & Pharmacovigilance - Introduction - Katalyst HLSKatalyst HLS
Introduction to Drug Safety & Pharmacovigilance in Pharmaceuticals, Bio-Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices, Cosmeceuticals and Foods.
Contact:
"Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences"
South Plainfield, NJ, USA
info@KatalystHLS.com
This document discusses cybersecurity issues related to medical devices. It summarizes the FDA's approach to cybersecurity, which is based on the NIST cybersecurity framework. It also discusses the current and future EU regulations regarding medical devices and cybersecurity, noting that the future regulations do not specifically address cybersecurity. Finally, it outlines some general EU security regulations and standards that relate to medical devices, including those regarding data protection, risk management, and notification of security incidents.
Pharmacovigilance is the science of monitoring the effects of medicines after they have been licensed for use, in order to identify new safety hazards and assess risks and benefits. It aims to improve patient care and safety in relation to medicine use. The thalidomide disaster in the 1960s demonstrated the need for formal pharmacovigilance systems to detect adverse drug reactions. Spontaneous reporting by healthcare professionals and mandatory reporting by manufacturers are key methods for collecting information on adverse drug events. Reports are assessed for causality and contribute to the ongoing evaluation of medicines to ensure their safe and effective use.
The document provides an overview of pharmacovigilance in India, including:
1) The history of adverse drug reactions and establishment of regulatory systems following tragedies like thalidomide.
2) The development of India's national pharmacovigilance program over time, from regional centers established in 1986 to the current Pharmacovigilance Programme of India.
3) The functioning of the National Coordination Centre and monitoring centers like NRSMCH in Kolkata, including their roles in adverse reaction reporting and analysis to improve patient safety.
Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. It plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and monitoring the risks associated with pharmaceutical products throughout their lifecycle, from pre-market clinical trials to post-marketing surveillance.
Here are some key aspects of pharmacovigilance and drug safety:
Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Monitoring: Pharmacovigilance systems aim to identify and monitor adverse drug reactions, which are harmful and unintended responses to medications. Healthcare professionals and patients are encouraged to report suspected ADRs to regulatory authorities or pharmacovigilance programs, enabling the ongoing collection and analysis of safety data.
Signal Detection: Pharmacovigilance activities involve the systematic monitoring and analysis of safety data to identify potential signals or patterns that may indicate new or previously unrecognized risks associated with a drug. This involves the use of various tools and methods, such as data mining, statistical analysis, and signal management, to detect and investigate potential safety concerns.
Benefit-Risk Assessment: Pharmacovigilance plays a critical role in assessing the balance between the benefits and risks of medications. By collecting and analyzing safety data from various sources, including clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance, regulators and healthcare professionals can evaluate the overall benefit-risk profile of drugs and make informed decisions regarding their use.
Regulatory Reporting: Pharmaceutical companies are required to report safety data and suspected adverse reactions to regulatory authorities as part of their regulatory obligations. These reports provide important information for regulatory decision-making, including labeling updates, contraindications, or restrictions on drug use.
Post-Marketing Surveillance: Once a drug is approved and available on the market, pharmacovigilance activities continue to monitor its safety in real-world clinical practice. Post-marketing surveillance systems track and evaluate the safety of drugs in larger and more diverse patient populations, detecting rare or long-term adverse events that may not have been identified during clinical trials.
Risk Management Strategies: Pharmacovigilance also involves the development and implementation of risk management strategies to minimize or mitigate known risks associated with specific drugs. This may include prescribing restrictions, monitoring requirements, educational materials for healthcare professionals and patients, and communication of safety information.
International Collaboration: Pharmacovigilance operates on a global scale, with international collaboration and information sharing being essential for timely detection and response to drug safety issues. Regulatory agencies, healthcare organizations, and pharmacovigilance netw
Drug Safety & Pharmacovigilance - Introduction - Katalyst HLSKatalyst HLS
Introduction to Drug Safety & Pharmacovigilance in Pharmaceuticals, Bio-Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices, Cosmeceuticals and Foods.
Contact:
"Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences"
South Plainfield, NJ, USA
info@KatalystHLS.com
This document discusses cybersecurity issues related to medical devices. It summarizes the FDA's approach to cybersecurity, which is based on the NIST cybersecurity framework. It also discusses the current and future EU regulations regarding medical devices and cybersecurity, noting that the future regulations do not specifically address cybersecurity. Finally, it outlines some general EU security regulations and standards that relate to medical devices, including those regarding data protection, risk management, and notification of security incidents.
This document provides a pharmaceutical country profile for Nepal. It contains information on health, demographic, socioeconomic, and mortality data as well as details on health services, policy issues, medicines trade, regulation, financing, procurement, rational use, and household access to medicines in Nepal. The profile was developed by the Ministry of Health and Population in collaboration with the World Health Organization to compile relevant existing information on Nepal's pharmaceutical sector in a user-friendly format.
Essential medicines, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) are "those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the population; they should therefore be available at all times in adequate amounts and in appropriate dosage forms, at a price the community can afford
This slide is about Oral Griseofulvin, its pharmacology, adverse effects, dosage and administration, interactions and its role in management of dermatophytosis such as tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea capitis,
The document discusses the Yellow Card Scheme in the UK for reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs). It defines an ADR and describes how common ADRs are, causing 6.5% of adult hospital admissions. It outlines how ADRs can be classified and factors that influence them. The Yellow Card Scheme acts as an early warning system to identify new ADRs and risks. Healthcare professionals, patients and the public can report suspected ADRs to the scheme to help continual drug safety monitoring.
Adverse drug reactions are unwanted effects that occur when taking medications. They can range from mild to severe or life-threatening. Monitoring adverse drug reactions involves identifying suspected reactions, assessing the causality between the drug and reaction, documenting the details of the case, and reporting serious reactions to regulatory authorities. Serious adverse reactions must be reported within 14 days, while investigators report them to sponsors and ethics committees within 24 hours and 7 days respectively to ensure patient safety.
This document discusses fixed dose drug combinations (FDDCs), including their definitions, types, rationality, advantages, and disadvantages. It defines FDDCs as combinations of two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients formulated as a single medicine. FDDCs can be rational if they have complementary mechanisms of action, decrease resistance, and increase efficacy and compliance while decreasing adverse effects. However, irrational FDDCs lack pharmacological justification and may increase side effects and costs without additional benefit. The document also notes issues with overpromotion of irrational FDDCs in India and efforts to better regulate these combinations.
This document discusses post-marketing surveillance (PMS), which involves monitoring the safety of pharmaceutical drugs and medical devices after they have been approved and released on the market. PMS is important because pre-approval clinical trials involve limited numbers of patients and cannot detect all potential adverse effects. The document outlines the history of PMS, sources of PMS information, benefits of PMS systems, methods of surveillance including spontaneous reporting and cohort studies, and how manufacturers can establish PMS procedures and systems to gather feedback on their products.
This document discusses various aspects of pharmacovigilance including its aims, responsibilities, methods, governing bodies, adverse drug reactions, terminology, and international programs. The key goals of pharmacovigilance are to improve patient safety, contribute to benefit-risk assessments of medicines, and ensure their rational use. It involves the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse drug reactions using methods like spontaneous reporting, cohort event monitoring, and record linkage. Regulatory authorities and the WHO play important roles in governing pharmacovigilance activities globally.
The International Council for Harmonization (ICH) brings together regulatory authorities and the pharmaceutical industry from Europe, Japan, and the US to discuss scientific and technical aspects of drug registration. ICH aims to harmonize technical requirements for registration to reduce duplication of testing and help ensure safe, effective, and high quality medicines are developed efficiently. ICH has published guidelines on quality, safety, efficacy, and multidisciplinary topics related to manufacturing, nonclinical studies, clinical trials, and electronic standards.
This document discusses pharmacovigilance and the need for monitoring drug safety post approval. It describes how historical drug safety issues like the Elixir Sulfanilamide and Thalidomide tragedies revealed limitations in pre-approval testing and established the need for ongoing pharmacovigilance. The aims, application and reporting processes of pharmacovigilance are outlined along with terminology and examples of regulatory actions taken based on adverse event reporting.
Drug induced skin disorders is defined as any skin disorders caused by a drug or medication. It is estimated that 2—3 percent of hospitalised patients are affected by a drug eruption, and that serious drug eruptions occur in around 1 in 1000 patients.
This document outlines the process for handling pharmaceutical product complaints. It defines a complaint and discusses the need for proper complaint handling procedures. It classifies complaints as critical, major, or minor and describes the 4 main steps to handling complaints: receiving complaints, technical investigation, corrective and preventive actions/feedback, and trend analysis/reporting. Key aspects of each step like documentation, sampling, testing, reporting, and record keeping are described. Regulatory guidelines for complaint management are also provided.
Periodic Safety Update Reports (PSURs) are documents submitted by marketing authorization holders to provide an evaluation of a medicine's risk-benefit balance at defined intervals during the post-authorization phase. PSURs must be submitted within 70 or 90 calendar days depending on the interval and contain information on emerging safety issues, benefit-risk analyses, risk management plans, and sources of safety data. The European Medicines Agency publishes the European Union Reference Dates list which mandates the submission timelines and frequencies for PSURs of specific medicines. A single assessment of PSURs is conducted for medicines with the same active substance.
Regulatory affairs is the bridge between pharmaceutical companies and government regulatory agencies. It involves all activities related to drugs, including research, clinical trials, manufacturing, registration, distribution, pricing, advertising, and post-marketing surveillance. Regulatory dossiers contain all required technical data and documentation needed to obtain approval to market a drug in a given country or region. Common formats include the Common Technical Document for Europe, US, and other markets and Form 44 for India. Compliance with good practices and local regulations is essential for regulatory approval.
This document discusses pharmacovigilance, which is the monitoring of adverse drug reactions. It aims to identify new safety issues with drugs, assess risks and benefits of medications, and optimize safe drug use. Pharmacovigilance is important because not all adverse reactions are found during clinical trials. The Pharmacovigilance Program of India was established in 2010 to monitor adverse drug reactions nationally. It operates through 250 Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Centers and has seen a rise in adverse reaction reporting over time. Actions taken from pharmacovigilance findings can include restricting drug use, adding warnings, and rarely recalling drugs from the market.
This document discusses cosmetovigilance and adverse reactions to cosmetics. It begins with a case study of a 42-year-old woman who developed contact dermatitis from hair dye use. Upon stopping the hair dye, her dermatitis resolved. Necessary actions include reporting the adverse event to authorities and promoting further vigilance. The document then defines cosmetics and cosmetovigilance, discusses differing regulations for drugs and cosmetics, prohibited ingredients, and the need for monitoring cosmetic safety. It also covers Indian laws, causality assessment methods, and the present status of cosmetovigilance globally and in India.
Pharmacovigilance is the monitoring of medications to detect adverse effects. It is needed because pre-marketing clinical trials are limited in detecting all potential adverse reactions. Pharmacovigilance aims to identify new or increased risks, understand underlying causes, and improve prescribing and regulation based on benefit-risk analysis. Spontaneous reporting by healthcare professionals is the primary method, with centers collecting reports to identify signals, educate providers, and communicate risks to patients.
The document provides information on regulatory submissions in Japan. It discusses:
- Japan's pharmaceutical market size and aging population trends.
- The Ministry of Health and Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) oversee drug regulation. Applications are submitted to PMDA for approval.
- The Common Technical Document (CTD) format is used for submissions, which organizes information into five modules covering administrative data, summaries, quality, nonclinical studies, and clinical studies.
Patient Counselling is needed for
Better patient understanding to their illness and role of medication.
Improve medication adherence.
Improve dosage regimen adherence.
More effective Drug treatment.
Reduce incidence of adverse drug effect and unnecessary healthcare cost.
ADR reporting.
Improve quality of life for patient.
Raising image of Pharmacist & its profession.
This document provides guidance for responsible persons on their obligations for cosmetic products under Regulation (EC) No. 1223/2009. It outlines requirements for the product information file including product description, safety report, manufacturing methods, label claims and proof of effect, and animal testing data. It also discusses good manufacturing practices, consumer information, communication of serious undesirable effects, traceability, labeling, sampling and analysis, non-compliant products, and notifications. The role of the responsible person is to ensure cosmetic products meet safety and labeling requirements to protect consumer health.
This document provides a pharmaceutical country profile for Nepal. It contains information on health, demographic, socioeconomic, and mortality data as well as details on health services, policy issues, medicines trade, regulation, financing, procurement, rational use, and household access to medicines in Nepal. The profile was developed by the Ministry of Health and Population in collaboration with the World Health Organization to compile relevant existing information on Nepal's pharmaceutical sector in a user-friendly format.
Essential medicines, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) are "those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the population; they should therefore be available at all times in adequate amounts and in appropriate dosage forms, at a price the community can afford
This slide is about Oral Griseofulvin, its pharmacology, adverse effects, dosage and administration, interactions and its role in management of dermatophytosis such as tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea capitis,
The document discusses the Yellow Card Scheme in the UK for reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs). It defines an ADR and describes how common ADRs are, causing 6.5% of adult hospital admissions. It outlines how ADRs can be classified and factors that influence them. The Yellow Card Scheme acts as an early warning system to identify new ADRs and risks. Healthcare professionals, patients and the public can report suspected ADRs to the scheme to help continual drug safety monitoring.
Adverse drug reactions are unwanted effects that occur when taking medications. They can range from mild to severe or life-threatening. Monitoring adverse drug reactions involves identifying suspected reactions, assessing the causality between the drug and reaction, documenting the details of the case, and reporting serious reactions to regulatory authorities. Serious adverse reactions must be reported within 14 days, while investigators report them to sponsors and ethics committees within 24 hours and 7 days respectively to ensure patient safety.
This document discusses fixed dose drug combinations (FDDCs), including their definitions, types, rationality, advantages, and disadvantages. It defines FDDCs as combinations of two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients formulated as a single medicine. FDDCs can be rational if they have complementary mechanisms of action, decrease resistance, and increase efficacy and compliance while decreasing adverse effects. However, irrational FDDCs lack pharmacological justification and may increase side effects and costs without additional benefit. The document also notes issues with overpromotion of irrational FDDCs in India and efforts to better regulate these combinations.
This document discusses post-marketing surveillance (PMS), which involves monitoring the safety of pharmaceutical drugs and medical devices after they have been approved and released on the market. PMS is important because pre-approval clinical trials involve limited numbers of patients and cannot detect all potential adverse effects. The document outlines the history of PMS, sources of PMS information, benefits of PMS systems, methods of surveillance including spontaneous reporting and cohort studies, and how manufacturers can establish PMS procedures and systems to gather feedback on their products.
This document discusses various aspects of pharmacovigilance including its aims, responsibilities, methods, governing bodies, adverse drug reactions, terminology, and international programs. The key goals of pharmacovigilance are to improve patient safety, contribute to benefit-risk assessments of medicines, and ensure their rational use. It involves the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse drug reactions using methods like spontaneous reporting, cohort event monitoring, and record linkage. Regulatory authorities and the WHO play important roles in governing pharmacovigilance activities globally.
The International Council for Harmonization (ICH) brings together regulatory authorities and the pharmaceutical industry from Europe, Japan, and the US to discuss scientific and technical aspects of drug registration. ICH aims to harmonize technical requirements for registration to reduce duplication of testing and help ensure safe, effective, and high quality medicines are developed efficiently. ICH has published guidelines on quality, safety, efficacy, and multidisciplinary topics related to manufacturing, nonclinical studies, clinical trials, and electronic standards.
This document discusses pharmacovigilance and the need for monitoring drug safety post approval. It describes how historical drug safety issues like the Elixir Sulfanilamide and Thalidomide tragedies revealed limitations in pre-approval testing and established the need for ongoing pharmacovigilance. The aims, application and reporting processes of pharmacovigilance are outlined along with terminology and examples of regulatory actions taken based on adverse event reporting.
Drug induced skin disorders is defined as any skin disorders caused by a drug or medication. It is estimated that 2—3 percent of hospitalised patients are affected by a drug eruption, and that serious drug eruptions occur in around 1 in 1000 patients.
This document outlines the process for handling pharmaceutical product complaints. It defines a complaint and discusses the need for proper complaint handling procedures. It classifies complaints as critical, major, or minor and describes the 4 main steps to handling complaints: receiving complaints, technical investigation, corrective and preventive actions/feedback, and trend analysis/reporting. Key aspects of each step like documentation, sampling, testing, reporting, and record keeping are described. Regulatory guidelines for complaint management are also provided.
Periodic Safety Update Reports (PSURs) are documents submitted by marketing authorization holders to provide an evaluation of a medicine's risk-benefit balance at defined intervals during the post-authorization phase. PSURs must be submitted within 70 or 90 calendar days depending on the interval and contain information on emerging safety issues, benefit-risk analyses, risk management plans, and sources of safety data. The European Medicines Agency publishes the European Union Reference Dates list which mandates the submission timelines and frequencies for PSURs of specific medicines. A single assessment of PSURs is conducted for medicines with the same active substance.
Regulatory affairs is the bridge between pharmaceutical companies and government regulatory agencies. It involves all activities related to drugs, including research, clinical trials, manufacturing, registration, distribution, pricing, advertising, and post-marketing surveillance. Regulatory dossiers contain all required technical data and documentation needed to obtain approval to market a drug in a given country or region. Common formats include the Common Technical Document for Europe, US, and other markets and Form 44 for India. Compliance with good practices and local regulations is essential for regulatory approval.
This document discusses pharmacovigilance, which is the monitoring of adverse drug reactions. It aims to identify new safety issues with drugs, assess risks and benefits of medications, and optimize safe drug use. Pharmacovigilance is important because not all adverse reactions are found during clinical trials. The Pharmacovigilance Program of India was established in 2010 to monitor adverse drug reactions nationally. It operates through 250 Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Centers and has seen a rise in adverse reaction reporting over time. Actions taken from pharmacovigilance findings can include restricting drug use, adding warnings, and rarely recalling drugs from the market.
This document discusses cosmetovigilance and adverse reactions to cosmetics. It begins with a case study of a 42-year-old woman who developed contact dermatitis from hair dye use. Upon stopping the hair dye, her dermatitis resolved. Necessary actions include reporting the adverse event to authorities and promoting further vigilance. The document then defines cosmetics and cosmetovigilance, discusses differing regulations for drugs and cosmetics, prohibited ingredients, and the need for monitoring cosmetic safety. It also covers Indian laws, causality assessment methods, and the present status of cosmetovigilance globally and in India.
Pharmacovigilance is the monitoring of medications to detect adverse effects. It is needed because pre-marketing clinical trials are limited in detecting all potential adverse reactions. Pharmacovigilance aims to identify new or increased risks, understand underlying causes, and improve prescribing and regulation based on benefit-risk analysis. Spontaneous reporting by healthcare professionals is the primary method, with centers collecting reports to identify signals, educate providers, and communicate risks to patients.
The document provides information on regulatory submissions in Japan. It discusses:
- Japan's pharmaceutical market size and aging population trends.
- The Ministry of Health and Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) oversee drug regulation. Applications are submitted to PMDA for approval.
- The Common Technical Document (CTD) format is used for submissions, which organizes information into five modules covering administrative data, summaries, quality, nonclinical studies, and clinical studies.
Patient Counselling is needed for
Better patient understanding to their illness and role of medication.
Improve medication adherence.
Improve dosage regimen adherence.
More effective Drug treatment.
Reduce incidence of adverse drug effect and unnecessary healthcare cost.
ADR reporting.
Improve quality of life for patient.
Raising image of Pharmacist & its profession.
This document provides guidance for responsible persons on their obligations for cosmetic products under Regulation (EC) No. 1223/2009. It outlines requirements for the product information file including product description, safety report, manufacturing methods, label claims and proof of effect, and animal testing data. It also discusses good manufacturing practices, consumer information, communication of serious undesirable effects, traceability, labeling, sampling and analysis, non-compliant products, and notifications. The role of the responsible person is to ensure cosmetic products meet safety and labeling requirements to protect consumer health.
1) A hospital in Italy experienced a need for increased production of disinfectants and antiseptics during the COVID-19 pandemic as pharmaceutical industries could not meet demand. 2) The hospital laboratory began producing these products to help control the spread of infection as over 1000 COVID-19 deaths occurred in the region between March and May 2020. 3) Guidelines from organizations like WHO were followed to formulate alcohol-based hand rubs with concentrations shown to effectively kill viruses like those that cause COVID-19.
This document describes the experience of a hospital laboratory in Italy producing disinfectants and antiseptics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to high demand from hospitals, the laboratory started producing these products when pharmaceutical industries could not meet the need. The laboratory produced WHO-recommended formulations of ethanol and isopropanol-based hand rubs in-house. Quality control measures were implemented to test alcohol concentration, hydrogen peroxide content, and ensure sterility. The experience demonstrated that local production could help address shortages and control the spread of infection during public health emergencies.
Jatin an overview of sunscreen regulations in the worldjatin singla
The document provides an overview of sunscreen regulations around the world. It discusses regulations in several major markets including the European Union, United States, Canada, Japan, China, South Korea, ASEAN countries, and others. Regulations vary between classifying sunscreens as cosmetics or drugs and differ in allowed active ingredients, testing methods, and labelling requirements like SPF values and UVA protection claims. Harmonization efforts aim to standardize regulations internationally but many differences remain between regions.
The National Pharmacovigilance System (NPS) was created in Portugal in 1992 to monitor adverse drug reactions. Over time, it decentralized into four regional centers to be closer to health professionals and universities. The NPS collects, processes, and evaluates spontaneous reports of adverse drug reactions to monitor drug safety. It has adapted to EU pharmacovigilance requirements and is a mature system that aims to reduce drug risks. Recent EU legislation from 2010 gave consumers the ability to directly report adverse reactions and increased transparency, public involvement, and efficiency in pharmacovigilance.
Holistic public role osh chemical eu acm 280909Alberto Mico
The document discusses the holistic public role in occupational safety and health (OSH) at the chemical industry according to EU models. It describes how EU countries implement a wide range of roles including mandating standards, facilitating guidance, partnering with stakeholders, and endorsing best practices. It also outlines the EU's OSH legal and institutional model, which includes disseminating information, monitoring regulations, health surveillance, and controlling exposure to hazardous substances.
Pretty Nasty - Phthalates in European Cosmetic Products v2zq
Pretty Nasty - Phthalates in European Cosmetic Products - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~ noharm-uscanada.org
Maurizio Battistini, EIPG Vice-President
EIPG Presentation at Pharmaceutical Supply Chains I, a training school organised by Cost Action CA15105: European Medicines Shortages Research Network – addressing supply problems to patients (Medicines Shortages), Lisbon 2017
Formaldehyde in Cosmetics - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
The document discusses cosmetic regulation in the European Union. It provides definitions of cosmetics and outlines the regulatory process for importing cosmetics into the EU. Importers must comply with strict regulations regarding product notification, maintaining product information files, and product labeling to ensure consumer safety and quality standards are met.
Are Cosmetics Used in Developing Countries Safe v2zq
Are Cosmetics Used in Developing Countries Safe - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
A whole raft of new chemical legislation is winging its way towards companies involved with professional cleaning products, none more so than the new global system for classifying chemicals. This will change the hazard classifications and labelling of most cleaning chemicals currently being used in the workplace.
This document discusses the regulation of formaldehyde in keratin hair straightening products. It notes that some products labeled as formaldehyde-free were found to contain unsafe levels of formaldehyde. Hair and nail salon workers may be exposed to formaldehyde and other chemicals through volatile vapors. Several organizations in Australia are responsible for regulating chemicals and assessing indoor air quality in salons, but their efforts could be improved by more frequent inspections, education of workers, and testing of products and air quality. Future actions proposed include further studies of worker exposure and improving training.
Epidemiology of Side Effects from Cosmetics - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
This document provides guidelines for improving the labelling and packaging of injectable medicines to enhance patient safety. It summarizes research conducted with healthcare professionals and experts in design. The guidelines illustrate design practices that clearly identify contents and minimize the risk of selection errors. Specific recommendations are provided for ampoules, vials, pre-filled syringes, and infusion bags. Adopting standard practices for prominence of generic names, font size and type, contrast, and critical information can help reduce medication incidents.
IPI - Developing Global Solutions for Product SafetyKCR
The document discusses recent changes and developments in pharmacovigilance (PV) legislation and practices in the European Union and globally. It summarizes that since 2012, the EU PV legislation has improved safety data quality, credibility and transparency. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is finalizing the implementation of this legislation and introducing enhancements to the EudraVigilance database. EMA is also extending international cooperation to facilitate safety data exchange. Harmonization of standards and legislation as well as open access to safety data supports global collaboration and innovations in medicine development.
A sample of our free eNewsletter, Adis in-touch. Each quarter we provide a round-up of news, content and events from the world of pharmacovigilance and send this to you for free! To sign up, visit http://goo.gl/ZGXMSq
Tim Bingham coordinates the Irish Needle Exchange Forum and has 22 years of experience working in harm reduction. He discusses the history and principles of harm reduction, noting it aims to reduce harms associated with drug use rather than prevent drug use. He then outlines supervised injecting facilities, explaining they provide a safe and hygienic environment for drug consumption along with access to healthcare. Studies of existing facilities in Vancouver and Sydney found they reduced overdoses, disease transmission, and public drug use without increasing local drug use. While legally complex, evidence shows supervised injection can be considered a form of drug treatment that helps connect users to other health services.
Similar to Cosmetovigilance definition, regulation and use in practice. (20)
Can chlorine dioxide prevent the spreading of coronavirus or other viral infe...Rosmirella Cano Rojas
En este editorial, resumimos las propiedades únicas del dióxido de cloro, que lo convierten en un agente antimicrobiano ideal e inespecífico en concentraciones inofensivas para los humanos, y revisamos investigaciones previas sobre la prevención de infecciones virales con ClO2 gaseoso. En base a estos antecedentes, sugerimos algunos métodos hipotéticos novedosos que usan dióxido de cloro para desinfectar habitaciones, prevenir infecciones humanas y ralentizar la propagación viral. Estos son métodos inespecíficos, que podrían usarse contra cualquier virus recién descubierto como primera línea de protección hasta que se desarrollen contramedidas específicas efectivas.
Characteristics of pediatric SARS CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for ...Rosmirella Cano Rojas
We report epidemiological and clinical investigations on ten
pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection cases confirmed by realtime
reverse transcription PCR assay of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.
Symptoms in these cases were nonspecific and no children
required respiratory support or intensive care. Chest X-rays
lacked definite signs of pneumonia, a defining feature of the
infection in adult cases. Notably, eight children persistently
tested positive on rectal swabs even after nasopharyngeal
testing was negative, raising the possibility of fecal–oral
transmission.
Como se describe en el informe de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), Alianza mundial para la seguridad
del paciente (1), entre los principales requisitos de los programas para mejorar la seguridad de los pacientes
figuran la calidad y la capacidad de reunir la información más completa sobre reacciones adversas y errores
de medicación, de modo que esos programas constituyan fuentes de conocimiento y sirvan de base para futuras
actividades de prevención. Si no se toman medidas apropiadas ante una reacción adversa a un medicamento
o cuando se conocen nuevas comprobaciones al respecto, sucede en general que la lección no se aprende, se
pierde la oportunidad de generalizar el problema y no se manifestará la capacidad de producir soluciones efectivas
y aplicables más amplias (1). Surgen de esto dos ejes fundamentales de acción: (a) la formación adecuada
en farmacología clínica y terapéutica en todos los niveles para una mejor utilización de los medicamentos, y (b) el
establecimiento de un sistema de farmacovigilancia.
O documento discute a experiência da implementação da tecnovigilância no Brasil. Apresenta conceitos gerais de tecnovigilância e sua regulamentação no país, incluindo o sistema de notificação de eventos adversos e queixas técnicas chamado Notivisa. Também aborda os desafios da tecnovigilância no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro.
This document summarizes key aspects of pharmacovigilance in pediatrics. It notes that drug safety profiles in children are often less well known than in adults due to limited clinical trials. Off-label use is also common in pediatrics due to a lack of approved formulations and dosing recommendations for children. Certain adverse drug reactions are specific to pediatric patients and can be related to developmental factors. Spontaneous reporting and epidemiological studies are important for monitoring drug safety in children but underreporting remains an issue. The incidence of adverse drug reactions in children varies depending on factors like treatment setting and country.
Biosimilaridad e intercambiabilidad: principios y evidencia: una revisión sis...Rosmirella Cano Rojas
Existen importantes lagunas en la evidencia sobre la seguridad de cambiar entre productos biológicos y sus biosimilares. Se necesitan ensayos clínicos y de farmacovigilancia suficientemente potenciados y adecuadamente analizados estadísticamente , con seguimientos a largo plazo y múltiples cambios, para respaldar la toma de decisiones sobre el cambio biosimilar.
La gestión de riesgos en farmacovigilancia es una actividad global para salvaguardar la salud de los pacientes. Se autoriza un medicamento sobre la base de los resultados de estudios preclínicos y clínicos. Estos estudios generalmente se llevan a cabo en un pequeño número de pacientes en entornos controlados, por ejemplo, edad restringida, comorbilidad, comedicación y excluyendo poblaciones especiales como la población de edad avanzada, niños, mujeres embarazadas y lactantes. En el momento de la autorización, el riesgo-beneficio se considera positivo.
Sin embargo, no todos los riesgos reales o potenciales han sido identificados en el momento de la autorización. La gestión de riesgos es un conjunto de actividades realizadas para la identificación de riesgos, la evaluación de riesgos, la minimización o prevención de riesgos y la comunicación de riesgos. El Plan de gestión de riesgos (RMP) se desarrolla de acuerdo con las regulaciones y pautas aplicables. Sin embargo, en ausencia de pautas para un país, el plan se prepara de acuerdo con la guía ICH E2E sobre planificación de farmacovigilancia.
A Comparison Between French and Mexican Technovigilance ProcessRosmirella Cano Rojas
En el mundo médico, uno de los nuevos objetivos es prestar atención a la seguridad del paciente. La vigilancia de dispositivos médicos se llama Tecnovigilancia. Existen varias leyes en el mundo para aplicar esas reglas en hospitales, instituciones o industrias. El objetivo es prevenir la recurrencia de incidentes adversos y riesgos de incidentes graves que involucran dispositivos médicos y tomar medidas preventivas y correctivas. Para controlar este proceso, existen agencias sanitarias y de salud ubicadas en Francia y México. Para comprender cómo funcionan estas agencias, compararemos su organización y a qué normas se refieren.
Además, nos pareció importante preguntar al personal que trabaja en el hospital y a los estudiantes involucrados en ingeniería biomédica. La mayoría de las personas que respondieron el cuestionario no tenían información acerca de la tecnovigilancia y su relación con los dispositivos médicos. En cuanto a la comparación, encontramos leyes y estándares similares, pero en México estas leyes no son operativas.
El documento describe la regulación de dispositivos médicos en Perú. Explica que los dispositivos médicos se clasifican según su riesgo en cuatro clases, desde bajo riesgo hasta alto riesgo. También diferencia dispositivos médicos de productos farmacéuticos y cubre conceptos como accesorios, componentes y la importancia del diseño en la seguridad de los dispositivos.
Forensic pharmacovigilance: Newer dimension of pharmacovigilanceRosmirella Cano Rojas
This document discusses the emerging field of forensic pharmacovigilance, which involves applying pharmacovigilance expertise to help solve legal cases. Pharmacovigilance aims to ensure patient safety by monitoring adverse drug events, while forensic sciences investigate legal matters. Forensic pharmacovigilance can help determine if a drug caused an adverse effect in a victim. It may provide expert opinions on illicit drug use, help solve criminal or civil cases involving drugs, and identify counterfeit or substandard drugs. Challenges include reluctance of medical professionals to participate in legal proceedings and limitations of extrapolating data to real cases. Overall, forensic pharmacovigilance represents a new dimension for pharmacovigilance that
"Pharmacovigilance in Crisis: Drug Safety at a Crossroads, 2018".Rosmirella Cano Rojas
Pharmacovigilance (PV) is under unprecedented stress from fundamental changes in a booming pharmaceutical industry, from the challenges of creating and maintaining an increasingly complex PV system in a globally diverse regulatory environment, and from unpredicted consequences of historical PV cost-reduction strategies. At the same time, talent availability lags demand, and many PV professionals may no longer be finding personal fulfillment in their careers.
The situation creates risks for companies. Advantages and disadvantages of potential strategies to address this increasing problem at a corporate and industry level and in collaboration with regulatory agencies are discussed, as well as opportunities to adopt new technologies, including artificial intelligence and machine- learning to automate pharmacovigilance operations.
These approaches would address burdensome and wasteful effort assuring regulatory compliance and free up resources to support the original mission of PV as an important public health activity and to reinvest in the development of new drugs.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
The Children are very vulnerable to get affected with respiratory disease.
In our country, the respiratory Disease conditions are consider as major cause for mortality and Morbidity in Child.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s PerspectiveGolden Helix
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...Jim Jacob Roy
In this presentation , SBP ( spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ) , which is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is described in detail.
The reference for this presentation is Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Textbook ( 11th edition ).
Nutritional deficiency Disorder are problems in india.
It is very important to learn about Indian child's nutritional parameters as well the Disease related to alteration in their Nutrition.
Cosmetovigilance definition, regulation and use in practice.
1. doi:10.1684/ejd.2014.2493
EJD, vol. 24, n◦
6, November-December 2014 643
To cite this article: Vigan M, Castelain F. Cosmetovigilance: definition, regulation and use “in practice”. Eur J Dermatol 2014; 24(6): 643-9 doi:10.1684/ejd.2014.2493
Review Eur J Dermatol 2014; 24(6): 643-9
Martine VIGAN
Florence CASTELAIN
Division of Dermatology and Allergy,
Hôpital Jean Minjoz,
2 Boulevard Fleming,
25030 Besanc¸on, France
Reprints: M. Vigan
<mvigan@chu-besancon.fr>
Article accepted on 11/25/2014
Cosmetovigilance: definition, regulation and use
“in practice”
Cosmetovigilance is a recent concept. The term itself has just been
indexed. It is a form of health public surveillance with a public health
objective; it therefore differs from the surveillance carried out by indus-
trialists, who aim at the safety of the product for commercial purposes,
and differs from peer surveillance (Revidal-Gerda), whose purpose is
medical. Cosmetovigilance concerns cosmetic products. The 2006 Euro-
pean resolution has laid the ground work for a cosmetovigilance system
based on case notifications. As of 2013, the new European regula-
tion requires that serious undesirable effects reported to the competent
authority should be transmitted to the competent authorities of the other
Member States and to the person responsible for the cosmetic product.
Two problems are yet to be solved: causality assessment and reporting
categories. Cosmetovigilance systems are genuine means of obtaining
information on the safety of cosmetic products and their ingredients.
They can be used by Europe to check that new directives ensure a high
level of safety. Cosmetovigilance makes it possible to rule out or con-
trol potentially hazardous ingredients and can thus set our minds at ease
about the products placed on the market.
Key words: cosmetic adverse effects, cosmetovigilance, peer surveil-
lance, European regulation, PPD, causality assessment
W hen it was first used in the French literature
in 1997, the term “cosmetovigilance” was not
indexed on an international scale [1]; the con-
cept could be translated by “surveillance” or “monitoring
cosmetic product safety”. Before addressing this fairly
recent subject, it seems necessary to specify what surveil-
lance is and what cosmetics are.
Cosmetovigilance is a form of health surveillance (table 1),
i.e. public surveillance with a public health objective. It thus
differs from the surveillance carried out by the industry,
whose aim is the safety of the product for commercial pur-
poses, and differs from peer surveillance (Revidal-Gerda)
Table 1. Definition of health surveillance
• Collection and identification
– of adverse effects on man
– directly related or not
– to the use of a technique, a treatment or a product
• Analysing the data collected
– causality
– frequency
– severity
• To propose remedial action or preventive measures
• Public Health Objectives:
– improving knowledge, epidemiology
– monitoring and alerting
– risk management
whose purpose is medical [2]. The scope of cosmetovigi-
lance is cosmetic products.
Cosmetics are products which meet the definition given in
Directive 93/35 [3]: “A “cosmetic product” shall mean any
substance or preparation intended to be placed in contact
with the various external parts of the human body (epider-
mis, hair system, nails, lips and external genital organs)
or with the teeth and the mucous membranes of the oral
cavity with a view exclusively or mainly to cleaning them,
perfuming them, changing their appearance and/or correct-
ing body odours and/or protecting them or keeping them
in good condition”. Cosmetic products must also comply
with the annexes1 and marketing regulations. They were
regulated by directive 76/768/EEC [4], which was replaced
in July 2013 by the European regulation on cosmetic prod-
ucts [5]. Cosmetic products are defined according to their
function and site(s) of application. They can be used at
home but also at work, both as hygiene or occupational
products. The restrictions on the use of some ingredients
in the annexes mean that any ingredient not on the list is
allowed. Thus, as the industry is quite creative and is always
1 Annexes are mainly lists of substances established to ensure the safety
of cosmetic products. There are VIII annexes. The major ones are: annex
II, which concerns banned ingredients, and annex III, which provides a
list of the substances subject to restrictions or specific conditions of use.
Annexes IV, VI and VII are restrictive lists of allowed colouring agents,
preservatives and UV filters.
2. 644 EJD, vol. 24, n◦
6, November-December 2014
looking to improve its products, it is constantly using new
ingredients not listed in the annexes. Such ingredients are
new potential allergens. Unlike drugs, there is no agency
to assess the safety of cosmetic products, no marketing
authorisation with specific requirements, no evaluation of
the risk-benefit ratio and no guarantee of constancy from
one batch to another. Cosmetics cannot claim therapeutic
benefits and, in addition, they “must not cause damage to
human health when applied under normal or reasonably
foreseeable conditions of use” 93/35/EEC [3]. Despite this
statutory obligation not to cause damage to human health
when applied under normal conditions of use, past studies
in the general population showed that about 12% of users
had experienced undesirable effects with one or several
cosmetic products in the preceding five years [6].
The early days of cosmetovigilance in
France [7]: The Public Health Law of
August 2004
Although a study on the usefulness of implementing a cos-
metovigilance system carried out in Sweden between 1989
and 1994 received a small number of adverse effect noti-
fications and thus concluded that cosmetovigilance was of
little interest [8], and because, within the European Union,
the states are responsible for the safety of products, France
decided to determine whether monitoring cosmetic prod-
ucts was of interest to public health. Thus, in 1999 the
governmentdecidedtoreplacetheMedicalDrugAgencyby
AFSSAPS2. It entered agreements with the French national
authority for health (HAS) when the latter was created
in 2004 and which is now being replaced by the French
NationalAgencyofMedicineandHealthProducts(ANSM)
[9]. Within AFSSAPS, the cosmetology commission was
created in 2000 and the Working Group on the Safety of Use
of Cosmetic Products (GTSPC) was established in 2002.
The mission of this working group was to set out the basis of
a surveillance system, of a national cosmetovigilance sys-
tem and to provide the Director General with advice on the
organisation of data collection on adverse effects in cosme-
tology. It should be noted that, since 1996, Revidal-Gerda, a
peer surveillance network, had been engaged in active cos-
metovigilance with data centralised by Dr A. Pons Guiraud
[10]. In 2004, GTSPC launched a pilot study that invited
practitioners and companies to report undesirable effects
observed over a 4-month period. This study resulted in the
Public Health Law of August 2004 that laid the ground-
work for cosmetovigilance in France [7] (table 2). This law
defines what a serious undesirable effect is. Although very
few life-threatening cases involving cosmetic products have
been reported [11, 12], cases of cosmetic-induced sensitisa-
tion in patients who must then strictly avoid exposure to an
allergen/ingredient, as well as cases of permanent incapac-
ity to work when the product is indispensable for work (i.e.
hair dyes for hairdressers or acrylates for nail technicians),
are not uncommon. The 2004 Public Health Law stated
that adverse effects from misuse were to be reported since,
2 French Health Products Safety Agency
if repeated misuse occurs, it may be due to inappropriate
packaging or ambiguous communication about the product.
All health care professionals were bound by the mandatory
reporting of serious undesirable effects. In addition, any
health care professional could also notify any seemingly
serious undesirable effect. For example, contact urticaria
induced by a cosmetic product can be deemed serious by
the practitioner, even if the lesions are temporary, as it may
be an IgE-mediated reaction and may lead to anaphylaxis
[13, 14]. As such, the practitioner can report it to cosme-
tovigilance. This system based on the reports by health care
professionals is complemented by the obligation for com-
panies to declare serious undesirable events notified to them
to the General Directorate Competition, Consumers Affairs
and Fraud Control (DGCCRF) and to keep epidemiological
data available for AFSSAPS.
The results of French cosmetovigilance can be found on
the ANSM website. This surveillance has made possible
the detection of emerging allergen ingredients such as vita-
min K3, which caused sensitisation when it was used as an
ingredient in cosmetic products [15]. The use of vitamin
K in cosmetics was prohibited as a health protection mea-
sure. Cosmetovigilance has led to a greater awareness of
the risk of paraphenylendiamine (PPD) sensitisation from
temporary black tattoos. In France, sustained media cam-
paigns have reduced this risk and cosmetovigilance has
clarified the non-exclusive role of sensitisation to PPD in
hair dyes from temporary black tattoos, as a certain num-
ber of reported reactions to hair dyes from PPD sensitisation
concerned users who had never had such temporary black
tattoos [16]. Thus French cosmetovigilance was able to con-
tribute to the new regulation on hair dyes. This system also
detected sensitisation to octocrylene due to photosensiti-
sation from ketoprofen gel [17]. The number of reported
cases barely reaches 200 per year, which seems relatively
low when considering the more than 10,000 cases reported
annuallybymedicaldevicevigilancesystems.However,the
two systems cannot be compared as there is a wide range
of medical devices. Such devices, when they have a ther-
apeutic claim, have a risk-benefit ratio that is assessed by
a notified body before they are put on the market. Besides,
it is known that their safety level is being questioned in
Europe.
Implementing a cosmetovigilance
system in Europe [18]
Council of Europe Resolution ResAp
(2006)
European consultations have shown that medical practices,
the way member states are organised, and health care access
for patients greatly differ from one country to another. In
some European countries, the European Society of Contact
Dermatitis (ESCD) developed efficient computer systems
3 Vitamin K was allowed in cosmetic products as it was not listed in the
annexes. The enquiry was prompted by the many cases of sensitisation
reported to cosmetovigilance and revealed that this ingredient, because of
its structure, was highly reactive when applied on the skin.
3. EJD, vol. 24, n◦
6, November-December 2014 645
Table 2. Text on cosmetovigilance in the 2004 Public Health Law.
For the purposes of this article, serious undesirable effect means a harmful and unintended reaction occurring in normal or reasonably
foreseeable conditions of use of a cosmetic product in humans or resulting from misuse which either would require hospital treatment or
result in permanent or temporary functional impairment, disability, immediate threat to life, death or congenital defect or malformation.
To implement the cosmetovigilance system, any health care professional who notices a serious undesirable effect likely to be induced by a
cosmetic product referred to in article L.5131-1 must notify it without delay to the Director General of the French Health Products Safety
Agency.
In addition, the health care professional reports undesirable effects which, although they do not meet the abovementioned definition, he or
she deems particularly serious and that thus warrant such a notification.
In his or her notification, the health care professional shall specify if the undesirable effect results from a misuse.
to process contact dermatitis test results [19]. Cosmetovig-
ilance could have been based on the analysis of those
results. However, European consultations have shown that
the ingredients in cosmetic products are seldom specific;
indeed, preservatives, perfumes and para-derivatives can
also be found in detergents, industrial products, food and
so on. . . Thus, an increase in the number of positive test
results to PPD or to eugenol in a database is not necessarily
due to sensitisation from cosmetic products. Besides, a cer-
tain number of undesirable effects cannot be considered as
delayed sensitisation, thus convulsions or anaphylaxis-type
reactions are not recorded in databases on contact dermati-
tis. The 2006 European resolution laid the ground-work for
a cosmetovigilance system based on case notifications [18].
In this resolution, the European Council recommends that
each of its member states should implement a system to
record the undesirable effects of cosmetic products with
a view to protecting human health. Following this resolu-
tion, cosmetovigilance systems were created in Belgium,
Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany and Italy [20-23].
They all collect cases reported by health care profession-
als. Although the quality of the cases is good, their number
remains quite small. A pilot study is worth mentioning:
the Dutch public authorities launched a pilot study in order
to list the undesirable effects of cosmetic products and to
identify the ingredients involved [24]. Cases were reported
by volunteer general practitioners and dermatologists who
carried out patch-tests and consumers had access to a noti-
fication website. In addition, public campaigns in the mass
media encouraged consumers to report undesirable effects.
Between July 2009 and May 2011, over 1,600 undesirable
effects were reported. The number of consumer notifica-
tions increased after each media awareness campaign. In
1% to 4% of cases, the undesirable effects were considered
serious. The most frequently reported cosmetic products
were make-up, moisturisers, hair care products and soaps.
The most frequently identified allergens were isothiazoli-
nones and fragrance ingredients, although perfumes as such
were not involved. A new allergen has “emerged”, namely
co-polymers/cross-polymers. The main locations were the
eyelids and the face and neck; as for cases reported by der-
matologists, the hands were more frequently affected than
the neck. This was the first study to test the possibility of
collecting consumer notifications. It seems that consumers
are qualified to report undesirable effects, all the more so as
media campaigns enhance their awareness of the possibil-
ity of reporting such effects. The results of this pilot study
are comparable to what Revidal-Gerda and the French cos-
metovigilance system have observed, since 1996 [2] and
2004, respectively. Cosmetovigilance is an excellent way of
assessing the safety of cosmetic products, of detecting haz-
ardous ingredients and of witnessing the emergence of new
allergens. In 2012, the Netherlands Food and Consumer
Product Safety Authority and the Ministry of health decided
to continue to register undesirable effects and were willing
to work towards establishing a European cosmetovigilance
network.
The future of cosmetovigilance [5]
EU Regulation 1223/2009
In 2013, the new European regulations came into effect.
Articles 22 and 23 require member states to provide surveil-
lance authorities with the necessary powers, to monitor
their functioning every four years and to make these results
available to the public. These articles require that seri-
ous undesirable effects reported to the competent authority
should be transmitted to the competent authorities of the
other Member States and to the person responsible for
the cosmetic product. Serious undesirable effects shall be
reported by this person or by the distributor of the product;
they can also be reported by health care professionals or
even users. The undesirable effects that should be reported
must occur under normal or reasonably foreseeable condi-
tions of use.
Problems yet to be solved
Causality assessment [25]
The definition of causality assessment is slightly different
for AFSSAPS and Colipa:
– For AFSSAPS, causality “assesses the cause and effect
relationship between a cosmetic product and a specific
clinical and/or paraclinical manifestation” (2010). Causal-
ity must be established for each product individually [9].
– For Colipa4 “Causality assessment is particularly use-
ful when the same product is involved in the occurrence
of several cases of undesirable effects, when it makes it
possible to determine the extent of a link of cause and
effect between the cosmetic product and the undesirable
effects observed and then to take these effects into account
in the subsequent drawing-up of corrective measures such
4 Colipa : European Cosmetic, Toiletry and Perfumery association
4. 646 EJD, vol. 24, n◦
6, November-December 2014
It is important to note that a causality assessment can only
be performed if there is sufficient information on the case
history (in particular symptoms and chronology)
Chronology not
clearly
compatible or
unknown
Relevent specific
medical
investigations
and/or
rechallenge
negative
Relevent specific
medical
investigations
and/or
rechallenge not
performed or
equivocal results
Relevent specific
medical
investigations
and/or
rechallenge not
performed or
equivocal results
Relevent specific
medical
investigations
and/or
rechallenge
positive
Relevent specific
medical
investigations
and/or
rechallenge
positive
Relevent specific
medical
investigations
and/or
rechallenge
negative
Questionable QuestionableLikely LikelyVery likely Unlikely
Chronology
compatible
Symptoms
Figure 1. Causality assessment according to Colipa.
as investigations, recommendations on the proper use of
the product, or regulations at national or European level
(restrictions on use, warnings on packaging labels, limited
concentration or prohibition).
– Several methods have been published. They are based
on the analysis of evolving chronological and semiological
elements. The results of relevant tests or of re-challenge
tests can alter causality, for instance as regards contact
allergy; appropriate patch testing provides a certain degree
of causality. The AFSSAPS method is based on 6 crite-
ria, divided into two groups, which are used to calculate a
chronological score and a semiological score. The level of
causality is determined using a decision table in which the
scores are combined. The method has five levels of causal-
ity assessment: very likely, likely, not clearly attributable,
unlikely and excluded. The causality assessment method
by Colipa is based on three major criteria: symptomatol-
ogy, chronology and results of specific tests. This method
offers 3 levels of causality on the basis of a decision tree
in which these criteria are combined: questionable, likely
and very likely (figure 1). Another method uses a flow chart
as soon as the case has been reported, following a PLM
(product lifecycle management) call approach. It is also
based on chronological and semiological criteria and all
the notifications can be analysed using 6 levels: irrelevant,
not enough information, unlikely, possible, probable and
certain (figure 2).
Reporting category
According to the latest European regulation, the person
responsible for the cosmetic product he put on the market
shall report undesirable effects to the competent national
authorities of the state in which they occurred. In France,
according to the 2004 Public Health Law, health care pro-
fessionals shall report serious undesirable effects as well as
those they deem serious to the French National Agency of
Medicine and Health Products (ANSM). It could be valu-
able and relevant for consumers to have an opportunity to
report undesirable effects [24].
How do health care professionals use
cosmetovigilance in practice?
Case notification
Since the 2004 Public Health Law, any health professional
in France shall report serious undesirable effects – or those
he deems serious (table 2) – connected to the use of cos-
metic products, whether they are from misuse or not. The
mission of the cosmetovigilance investigation will then be
to assess case causality. In Germany, Belgium, the Nether-
lands, Italy and Portugal, cosmetovigilance is available to
all health care professionals, although reporting to cosme-
tovigilance is not mandatory. The notification can be made
on a sheet of plain paper or using the notification form
(figure 3) that can be downloaded from the websites of the
competent authorities: ANSM in France5, the Ministry of
Health in Belgium6. . . The following information should
be mentioned: 1/ name of the reporter, 2/ name of the user
affected by the undesirable effect (first three letters of the
surname, first name, gender and date of birth), 3/ name of
the cosmetic product concerned (full name, brand, use and,
when possible, batch number). The product must be kept for
further potential analyses. The undesirable effect must be
described providing detailed chronological and semiolog-
5 fax: 0155874260, mail : cosmetovigilance@ansm.sante.fr or by post
at: Direction des Dispositifs médicaux thérapeutiques et des cosmétiques
143-147 boulevard A France 93285 Saint Denis Cedex
6 fax: 02/524.73.99, mail : cosmetovig@health.fgov.be or by post at:
Direction générale Animaux, Végétaux et Alimentation. Eurostation, bloc
II, 7e étage, Place Victor Horta 40, boîte 10 B-1060 Bruxelles
5. EJD, vol. 24, n◦
6, November-December 2014 647
CATEGORISATION OF PLM CALLS
All calls
1. Is this a health
related event?
No
Yes
Irrelevant
2. Sufficient
information to
determine if there is
a true association?
No
No
No
No/unknown
No/unknown
No
No
Unlikely/green
Possible/yellow
Probable/orange Certain/red
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Not enough
information
3. Reasonable time
period?
Did the
symptoms
recur when the product
was re-
administered?
5. Did the
symptoms
recur when the
product
was re-
administered?
5. Did the
symptoms
recur when the
product
was re-
administered?
7. Is this an
event which is
exclusively related to the
product?
4. Can symptoms
be explained based
on known
properties?
Figure 2. Causality assessment using categorisation.
ical elements as well as detailed evolution over time. The
notification must be carried out when the undesirable effect
occurs and will then possibly be complemented later by the
results of useful additional tests or by data on evolution.
The same notification can be sent to the person responsible
for marketing the product. Notification to Revidal-Gerda
only occurs when the undesirable effect is an allergic unde-
sirable effect; this notification can be carried out by any
European dermatologist/allergist. Although the 2004 Pub-
lic Health Law does not mention consumers, professional
users and industrialists, it seems that they can also make
reports on the ANSM website or on the websites of the
competent authorities of Member States, as these websites
provide specific tabs for them.
The use of alerts
All health care professionals can consult the latest ongo-
ing warnings on the ANSM website and use this data to
improve the management of their patients. Taking part in
the Revidal-Gerda network enables health care profession-
als to remain updated on current allergen ingredients and
also to use this data for better patient management. Reg-
ular reports transmitted to the cosmetic industry allow for
product improvement.
Conclusion
Cosmetovigilance is a recent concept. The term itself has
just been indexed. Revidal-Gerda and then AFSSAPS were
at the forefront in this area. Authorities competent to receive
notifications are currently being implemented. Europe is
now convinced that cosmetovigilance systems are a gen-
uine means of obtaining information on the safety of
cosmetic products and their ingredients. They can be used
by Europe to check that new directives ensure a high level
of safety. Cosmetovigilance makes it possible to rule out
or to control potentially hazardous ingredients and can
thus set our minds at ease on the products placed on the
market.
6. 648 EJD, vol. 24, n◦
6, November-December 2014
FICHE DE DECALARATION DE REACTIONS INDESIRABLES SUITE A L’UTILISATION D’UN
PRODUIT COSMETIQUE
Direction génerale Animaux, Végétaux et Alimentation
Eurostation, bloc II, 7th
étage
Place Victor Horta 40, boite 10
B-1060, Bruxelles
Date du rapport : / /20
Date de première utilisation : / /20
/ /20
Merci de conserver au moins 3 mois le(s) produit(s) cosmétique(s) concerné(s) par I’effet indésirable constaté.
NOTIFICATEUR
PRODUIT/INGRÉDIENT
UTILISATION DU PRODUIT
EXPOSITION PARTICULIÈRE AU PRODUIT
Les données en gras sont obligatoires. Les données sont traitées de manière confidentielle.
Fische de cosmétovigilance
À renvoyer à : cosmerovig@health.fgov.be ou par fax au : 02/524.73.99 ou par courrier à I’adresse susmentionnée.
UTILISATEUR
TRAITEMENT
EVOLUTION DES SYMPTÔMES
DESCRIPTION DE L’EFFET INDÉSIRABLE
LOCALISATION DE L’EFFET INDÉSIRABLE
Nom :
Nom complet :
Société/marque :
Profession :
Initiales :
Age :
Sexe : F M
Tel :
Adresse :
Usage/fonction du produit :
Enseigne/lieu d’achat :
Fréquence d’utilisation (par jour/semanine/mois) :
Durée d’utilisation du produit :
Utilisation simultanée d’autres produits (autres produits
cosmétiques, médicaments, compléments alimentaires,...) :
Date de survenue de I’effet indésirable :
Coordonnees inscrites sur le produit :
Profession :
Zone d’application du produit :
Réaction à distance :
Description des zones concernées :
oui
DATE DE LA PREMIÈRE CONSULTATION :
/ /20
E-mail : :
mdecin, pharmacien, dentiste,
autre (précisez) :
Nº lot :
oui
Usage professionnel Usage normal
Mésusage
Figure 3. Belgian cosmetovigilance notification form to report undesirable effects (similar to the one found on ANSM website).
Disclosure. Acknowledgments: The GERDA thanks Basi-
lea, Pierre Fabre and Unilever for their institutional sup-
port for publication of this article. Financial support: none.
Conflict of interest: none.
This review article is part of a series of papers
published by experts from GERDA, the French
study and research group on contact dermatitis
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